共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 134 毫秒
1.
2.
木材化学功能改良技术进展与产业现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
木材化学功能改良旨在通过物理或化学的方法(主要是利用热或具有反应活性官能团的低分子单体/低聚体),对木材细胞壁成分进行永久改变和/或对木材细胞腔进行物理填充,由此改善木材的各项物理力学性能,并赋予其特定的新功能,提高木材的附加值,延长木材的使用寿命,从而实现木材的高效节约利用,缓解木材资源紧张的局面。对国内、国际上木材功能改良技术的发展和现状进行系统回顾,介绍炭化处理、乙酰化、氮甲氧基树脂处理、糠醇处理、热固性树脂处理等典型改性技术的原理、产品性能的优缺点及其商业化现状,展望木材功能改良技术发展面临的机遇与挑战。 相似文献
3.
采用近红外光谱技术对乙酰化大青杨和樟子松木材的增重率进行快速预测。在近红外波长780～2500 nm范围内,利用偏最小二乘法( PLS)建立木材横切面原始光谱及不同预处理(一阶导数、二阶导数、归一化处理和消噪)光谱乙酰化木材增重率数学模型,并进行比较分析。结果表明：乙酰化大青杨和樟子松木材分别选用归一化处理光谱和消噪光谱建立的增重率校正模型预测效果较好,预测模型相关系数( R)分别为0.90和0.70,预测标准差(RMSEP)分别为1.0072和1.3012,其中乙酰化大青杨木材增重率预测模型实测能力较佳,表明利用木材横切面近红外光谱建立的数学模型可以实现乙酰化木材增重率的快速预测。 相似文献
4.
5.
【目的】探讨乙酰化处理对人工林木材耐光性和热稳定性的影响,为木材颜色调控技术及高耐光染色木材的研发提供理论依据。【方法】以樟子松木粉为试样,加入乙酸酐和二甲苯溶液,在120℃条件下分别反应5,10,20,40,60 min,测试乙酰化处理时间对木粉增重率的影响;分别称取1 g经不同时间乙酰化处理的木粉和未处理木粉,置于 UV老化试验箱内辐射100 h,利用红外光谱分析 UV辐射前后乙酰化木粉化学官能团的变化,通过热重和扫描电镜分析乙酰化木粉的热稳定性及其形貌变化。【结果】随着乙酰化处理时间的延长,樟子松木粉的增重率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在处理40 min 时木粉增重率最大;乙酰化木粉在1741 cm －1和1385 cm －1处的CO,C—H特征吸收峰强度均大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大;UV 辐射后,乙酰化木粉在1508 cm －1处木质素苯环特征吸收峰强度明显大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大,表明木粉经乙酰化处理后光稳定性得到提升;热重分析显示,经乙酰化处理后,木粉热分解所需的温度明显提高,表明乙酰化木粉的热稳定性好于原木粉;扫描电镜分析表明,乙酰化处理可增强木粉微观构造抵抗光劣化的能力。【结论】乙酰化处理能有效抑制樟子松木材的光降解反应并提升其热稳定性。 相似文献
6.
木材乙酰化的研究及进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
简要论述了木材化学改性领域中的木材乙酰化，介绍了木材乙酰化的基本原理及方法，乙酸酐法的工艺及其发展状况和乙酰化实水及人造板在性能上的改进。 相似文献
7.
对杉木和“三北”一号杨两种木材的各主要组成进行了酯化处理,研究其在乙酰化过程中木材各主要组成的化学官能团的变化特征和结构的稳定性。结果表明：磨木木质素、纤维素、半纤维素经乙酸酐处理后,红外光谱上的１７４２ｃｍ－１附近均出现了表示酯类ＣＯ伸缩振动的新的吸收峰,表明在乙酰化过程中这些组分的化学结构都有新的非极性酯类化学官能团产生;而极性的羟基官能团的数量均有不同程度的减少;芳香基和脂肪基的结构上均有乙酸酯生成。纤维素酯化程度较低,半纤维素化学结构在乙酰化过程中会发生降解,而木质素和纤维素较为稳定。乙酰化处理是降低木材表面极性的一种有效方法。 相似文献
8.
木材干缩湿胀对实木家具设计的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
在实木家具的设计中，木材的特殊性能是不能忽视的一个重要因素，其中对家具的结构强度、稳定性、耐久性影响最大的就是木材的干缩湿胀性能。 由木材的干缩湿胀所引起的主要质量问题有：板件的开裂、样接合失效、框架变形、活动部件卡死等。 由于木材的材种不同、生产过程中所采用的干燥工艺不同、木材干燥的最终含水率不同、使用场所的空气湿度不同等因素，木材的干缩湿胀性能也各有差异［１］。因此，在实木家具生产过程中，在一件家具上应尽量采用相同的树种，并尽可能采用同一初始条件的木材为基材。 要消除由于木材的干缩湿胀给家具产… 相似文献
9.
乙酰化木材的制备及其热塑性研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用乙酰化改性反应使木材获得热塑性，利用ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，ＳＥＭ等对乙酰化木材的化学结构及热塑性进行了研究和表征。常规乙酰化方法不能使木材热塑化，而经三氟乙酸预处理制得的乙酰化木材在２９０－３００℃熔融，可在１１０－１３０℃单独或与其他合成高聚物共混热压成半透明薄片。 相似文献
10.
五种家具常用木材弹性常数及力学性能参数的测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用电测法和三点弯曲法对5种家具常用木材的弹性常数及主要力学性能参数进行了试验测定,并根据木材的正交异性原理对试验结果进行了统计分析。对木材物理力学性能参数测定的试验方法进行研究和探讨,为实木家具结构力学设计提供材料性能参考数据。 相似文献
11.
Unmodified and acetylated cedar wood specimens were swollen in various liquids and dried under radial compression. Two stress
relaxation processes were observed during drying, and the second process observed below the fiber saturation point was responsible
for the drying-set and the temporary fixation of compressive deformation. The fixed shape of acetylated wood was partly recovered
by soaking it in water and toluene and completely recovered in acetone. The effective shape fixation and recovery of toluene-swollen
samples implied that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding was not necessary for the drying-set of acetylated wood. The degree
of shape recovery was not explained by initial softening, while the acetylated wood always exhibited greater recoverability
than unmodified wood. Although 85% stiffness was lost after large compression set and recovery of unmodified wood, such a
stiffness loss was limited to 39% when the acetylated wood was processed with organic liquids. This indicated that the swelling
of the hydrophobic region in the acetylated wood was effective in preventing mechanical damage due to large compressive deformation. 相似文献
12.
To clarify the role of lignin in the affinities of acetylated wood for organic solvents, the effects of delignification on
the solvent adsorption of acetylated wood were investigated. Acetylated wood meals rapidly adsorbed organic solvents that
were hardly adsorbed by unmodified wood. For nonpolar and low-polarity organic solvents, a clear positive correlation was
observed between the amount of adsorption and the lignin content. This indicated that acetylated lignin was responsible for
the excellent affinities of acetylated wood for hydrophobic organic solvents. On the other hand, for lower alcohols and water,
the amount of adsorption reduced with an increase in the lignin content. It was suggested that the adsorption of such polar
solvents was dominated by insufficiently acetylated hydrophilic polysaccharides. 相似文献
13.
Eiichi Obataya 《Wood Science and Technology》2005,39(6):472-483
Dimensional changes of acetylated wood were measured during wet–dry cycling and heating to clarify the reversible and irreversible
effects of those after-treatments. During wet–dry cycling, the acetylated wood showed slight swelling in its completely dry
condition, while its weight decreased slightly. Similar swelling was recognized when the acetylated wood was heated dry above
140°C. On the other hand, the anomalous effects of wet–dry cycling and heating disappeared after soaking in acetone. It was
considered that the rearrangement of hydrophobic wood polymers during wet–dry cycling and heating induced the expansion of
voids, whereas the wood polymers recovered their initial conformation after soaking in organic liquids. The wet volume of
acetylated wood also exhibited reversible changes during wet–dry cycling. Just after the acetylation, the wood was highly
swollen in acetic anhydride. The swollen volume of acetylated wood was reduced by leaching in water, and additional decrease
in the wet volume resulted from the following drying or boiling. However, the reduced wet volume was recovered almost completely
after acetone-soaking. These results suggested that the water molecules remaining in the hydrophobic region expanded the wet
volume of acetylated wood, while such weakly bound water was easily removable by drying or boiling. 相似文献
14.
Preparation of acetylated wood meal and polypropylene composites II: mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the composites 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Acetylated wood meals of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) wood were prepared by mechanochemical processing using a high-speed vibration rod mill. Weight percent gain (WPG) of the acetylated wood meals ranged from 7.0 to 35.5 %. Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) containing 50 % acetylated woods were produced by an injection molding technique. The polymer matrix used was polypropylene homopolymer. Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was also used as a compatibilizing agent. The mechanical properties of WPCs in bending and tensile tests were independent of WPG of acetylated wood meals, and the test values for WPCs containing acetylated wood meals were lower than that of unmodified wood meal. The use of MAPP increased bending and tensile strength, but no effect on bending modulus was found. An increase in WPG significantly decreased water absorbability and thickness swelling of WPCs as measured by dimensional stability tests. These results demonstrated that mechanochemical processing is a promising technique for preparing WPC material with improved dimensional stability. The future challenge is to inhibit the decreases in mechanical properties of WPCs containing acetylated wood meals. 相似文献
15.
Wood specimens were prepared in a swollen state using solvent exchange (PS) treatment. The swollen wood specimens were acetylated
using acetic anhydride by heating at 80–120°C. At the beginning of heating, the weight percent gain (WPG) of PS-treated wood
was greater than that of conventionally acetylated wood. This acceleration effect of the PS treatment was explained by the
introduction of treating reagent into the wood polymers where the intermolecular hydrogen bonds were previously broken. On
the other hand, the PS treatment had no influence on the final WPG and moisture sorption characteristics of acetylated wood.
This indicated that the intrinsic reactivity of wood constituents was unaffected by the PS treatment. The acetylation of PS-treated
wood produced greater bulking and slightly higher dimensional stability than that in the case of conventional acetylation
at the same WPG. It was speculated that the expansion of cell lumina due to the PS treatment resulted in greater bulking on
acetylation and lesser swelling of acetylated wood with moisture sorption. 相似文献
16.
To investigate the affinity of acetylated wood for organic liquids, acetylated yezo spruce wood specimens were soaked in various liquids, and their swellings were compared to those of untreated specimens. The acetylated wood was rapidly and remarkably swollen in liquids having low hydrogen bonding power such as benzene and toluene in which the untreated wood was swollen only slightly or very slowly. On the other hand, the swollen volume of wood in water, ethylene glycol, and alcohols remained unchanged or slightly decreased after the acetylation. The effect of acetylation was greater in liquids having smaller solubility parameters. The easier penetration of aprotic organic liquids into the acetylated wood was considered to be due to the reduction of polarity and the scission of hydrogen bonds in the amorphous wood constituents where the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups were substituted by hydrophobic acetyl groups. 相似文献
17.
The radial compression behaviors of acetylated cedar wood were measured in various liquids. The compressive Young’s modulus
(E) of acetylated wood was reduced by soaking in water, toluene, and acetone, but it was always greater than that of water-swollen
unmodified wood at the same swelling level. The behaviors of acetone-swollen unmodified wood were similar to those of acetylated
wood rather than those of water-swollen unmodified wood. These results indicated that the swelling of hydrophobic wood components
had a lesser influence on the E of wood than the water-swelling of unmodified hydrophilic components. After large compression (ε > 45%), a part of the strain
remained unrecovered because of irreversible mechanical deformation. Since the remaining strain was smaller in the wood specimens
indicating greater stress relaxation, it was assumed that the viscoelastic deformation of amorphous matrix components is important
for lesser irreversible deformation and effective shape recovery of wood. In contrast with water-swollen unmodified wood,
the acetylated wood and acetone-swollen unmodified wood exhibited greater shape recovery despite their relatively higher E. This suggested that the swelling of hydrophobic wood components reduced the viscosity of the matrix rather than its elasticity,
resulting in more effective shape recovery with lesser softening. 相似文献
18.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(3-4):106-117
Abstract One of the major issues in a long-term perspective for the use of wood–plastic composites (WPCs) in outdoor applications is the moisture sensitivity of the wood component and the consequent dimensional instability and susceptibility to biological degradation of the composite. In this work, the effects of using an acetylated wood component and a cellulose ester as matrix on the micromorphology, mechanical performance and moisture uptake of injection-moulded WPCs have been studied. Composites based on unmodified and acetylated wood particles, specially designed with a length-to-width ratio of about 5–7, combined with both cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and polypropylene (PP) matrices were studied. The size and shape of the wood particles were studied before and after the processing using light microscopy, and the micromorphology of the composites was studied using a newly developed surface preparation technique based on ultraviolet laser irradiation combined with low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM). The water vapour sorption in the composites and the effect of accelerated weathering were measured using thin samples which were allowed to reach equilibrium moisture content (EMC). The length-to-diameter ratio was only slightly decreased for the acetylated particles after compounding and injection moulding, although both the unmodified and the acetylated particles were smaller in size after the processing steps. The tensile strength was about 40% higher for the composite based on acetylated wood than for the composite with unmodified wood using either CAP or PP as matrix, whereas the notched impact strength of the composite based on acetylated wood was about 20% lower than those of the corresponding unmodified composites. The sorption experiments showed that the EMC was 50% lower in the composites with an acetylated wood component than in the composites with an unmodified wood component. The choice of matrix material strongly affected the moisture absorptivity of the WPC. The composites with CAP as matrix gained moisture more rapidly than the composites with PP as matrix. It was also found that accelerated ageing in a Weather-Ometer® significantly increased the moisture sensitivity of the PP-based composites. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT Acetylated wood is now commercially available and designed to be used in certain outdoor applications as an alternative to preservative-treated wood. Fastener corrosion can be a concern in preservative treated wood when the wood remains wet for long periods. However, little data on the corrosiveness of acetylated wood exists beyond the product literature. Here we examine the corrosiveness of commercially obtained acetylated wood and compare it against unmodified (untreated) southern pine (Pinus spp.). Corrosion rates of plain carbon steel, hot dip galvanized steel, and stainless steel were calculated gravimetrically after a one year exposed in the wood. Four different moisture conditions were examined: 90% relative humidity (RH), 95% RH, 100% RH, and a fully water saturated condition. When compared to literature data on the corrosion of fasteners in preservative treated wood at 100% RH, the acetylated wood had much lower steel corrosion rates than all preservatives examined; the measured corrosion rates for galvanized steel were lower than all preservatives except chromated copper arsenate. These measured corrosion rates across a range of moisture conditions can be used to inform the selection of appropriate corrosion resistant fasteners when building with acetylated wood. 相似文献
20.
Wood meals of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) passing 2.0 mm and retained on 1.0 mm mesh screens were milled along with acetic anhydride (AA) and pyridine as a catalyst in a high-speed vibration rod mill at ambient temperature. The weight percent gain (WPG) of the chemically modified wood was calculated based on the yield after washing with deionized water. The effects of amounts of AA and catalyst added, pulverization time, and saponification of the acetylated wood on WPG were examined. In addition, FT-IR analysis, and water vapor adsorption and desorption tests were performed as functions of the WPG. Increases in WPG, the acetyl contents of the acetylated wood after saponification, changes in the FT-IR spectra after pulverization, and the water vapor sorption isotherms showed that the one-step acetylation systematically modified the hydroxyl groups of the wood into acetyl groups. Up to 38 % WPG was obtained at 100 phr AA and 15 phr catalyst, and 120 min pulverization. Pulverization time and the amounts of AA and catalyst added to the wood meals could be adjusted to obtain acetylated wood meal with the desired WPG. These demonstrated that the mechanochemical acetylation is a method to prepare acetylated wood meals with high WPG at less reaction time and required AA addition. 相似文献