共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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丁小康张祥雪郝燕华刘姣 《木材科学与技术》2012,(3):40-43
对木材在干燥过程中产生的声发射信号进行采集和特征分析,结果表明:木材干燥过程中主要采集到两种不同类型的声发射信号:一种信号来自木材内部自由水的蒸发,与木质部导管内水分空穴化过程的声发射信号一致;另一种信号与木材干燥过快时自身形变开裂相关。作为一种木材干燥质量的控制方法,测量和分析声发射信号,可为木材干燥温度和湿度的控制提供依据,实现防止木材干裂、提高木材干燥质量的目的。 相似文献
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作为一种主动无损检测方式, 声发射技术通过分析被测物体内部因能量变化所引发的弹性波的特征, 判断物体内部损伤程度并确定损伤位置。声发射技术为木材加工过程应力监测提供了一种主动无损检测模式, 但受木材自身各向异性等特点的限制, 目前声发射技术在木材工业中的应用尚处于探索阶段。为此, 文中重点介绍了目前声发射技术在木材切削加工、木材及木质结构、木材力学性能、木材干燥过程等木材加工过程的应用现状, 并在此基础上根据木材声发射信号特点, 提出一种基于LabView及高速采集设备的木材干燥过程声发射监测系统设计方案。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(4)
为了获取木材声发射信号波形,采用NI高速数据采集设备构建了一种多通道声发射信号采集系统,同时基于LabVIEW软件设计了相应的信号小波析取与处理平台,实现多通道声发射信号采集、分离、波形析取及频谱分析等基本功能。最后通过木材试件声发射试验验证了该系统的效用,并且通过对3种不同信号析取方法的比较,进一步验证小波分析的优势。作为一种通用的木材声发射信号采集与处理平台,该系统为木材声发射信号研究提供了必要的基础保障。 相似文献
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动态载荷下基于声发射技术的杨木破坏过程检测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用声发射检测和力学试验相结合的方法,研究山杨木材在动态载荷下的声发射演变过程;结合木材粘弹性特点,通过声发射参数分析研究在不同受力阶段木材的声发射特点.结果表明:1)声发射信号幅值不连续,是跃迁的;材料断裂前声发射信号的幅值和能量比断裂后小,在断裂点对应声发射信号幅值和能量的局部极大值.2)随时间和载荷的变化,声发射累计撞击数和累计能量增加快慢可以体现杨木在受力条件下的完全弹性、弹性为主的弹塑性共存、塑性为主的弹塑性共存3种状态.3)声发射率和幅值参数可以预测材料纤维开始断裂进入危险期的第一"临界点"和材料大量纤维断裂进入严重危险期的第二"临界点",如果继续加载材料将会破坏断裂. 相似文献
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声发射在日本木材工业中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
声发射(AE,Acoustic Emission的缩写)在材料科学方面的应用引起了广泛的重视,同样在木材工业的应用也已成为热门课题,例如:利用声发射评价材料优劣、探讨木质材料和胶层的破坏机理,识别木材破坏、胶合不良及缺陷材的无损检测,预测木材人工干燥中的开裂,从而控制干燥工 相似文献
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不同含水率云南松声发射信号特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究不同含水率条件下云南松试件声发射信号的传播规律,探讨含水率对声发射信号波形的响应,为云南松声发射源定位提供依据,为木材内部缺陷无损检测提供基础数据。【方法】以云南松为试验材料,采用NI高速数据采集设备和LabVIEW软件构建云南松试件声发射信号采集平台,利用铅芯折断模拟声发射源,对绝干、气干、生材和饱水4种含水率状态下的试件表面进行声发射信号采集,通过时差法计算信号在4种含水率状态下的平均传播速率,并运用小波分析对声发射信号波形进行分解和重构,根据软阈值量化方法消除各通道系数和经阈值量化后的各高频层系数,去除非主能量信号以便从噪声中析取微弱的声发射信号。【结果】试验中传感器均以接收表面波信号为主;随着含水率增加,云南松试件表面声发射信号波形和平均声速均大幅度衰减,绝干状态下声发射信号时域波形幅值达到±5.2 V,平均声速可达4 208.77 m·s^-1 ,而饱水状态下信号时域波形幅值仅为±0.6 V,平均声速降至1 414.07 m·s^-1 ,气干和生材状态下信号时域波形幅值和平均声速分别为±4、±2 V和 3 331.79 、 2 328.73 m·s^-1 ,且各含水率状态之间平均声速差在876.98~1 003.06 m·s^-1 范围内;小波变换能有效将“淹没”在噪声中的声发射信号析取出来,4种含水率状态下试件声发射信号频域波形范围在40 ~150 kHz之间,且气干状态下波形峰值出现在110 kHz左右,其余3种均在50 kHz左右达到峰值。【结论】含水率增加可显著改变云南松声发射信号和传播特征,其信号波形和平均声速均与含水率降低呈正比;小波变换在信号降噪处理方面具有明显优势,不仅可去除信号中的大量噪音,而且不会破坏有用信号,保证信号完整性,能更大程度降低对不同含水率云南松试件声发射信号的分析误差,为云南松表面声发射源定位研究及内部无损检测给予试验数据支持;作为一种木材声发射信号采集与分析平台,研究结果可为不同含水率云南松受压变形破坏全过程的声发射特征分析提供必要的基础理论依据。 相似文献
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窑干木材时,通常于材堆中设置检验板,定期取出测定木材含水率及其内部应力的变化,借此衡量窑内材堆的干燥工况。这种方法虽传统采用,但操作烦琐,费时费力,并且容易损耗热能。据美国费吉尼亚(Viaginia)州立大学C.skaar教授报告,目前他们正在试验和研究一种新的检验木材干燥状况的方法——利用声音发射法控制木材窑干过程。在窑干过程中,由于含水率和内部应力的急剧变化,常常导致木材产生表裂和端裂,当 相似文献
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声发射及其在木材工业中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
谢力生 《林业机械与木工设备》2004,32(2):41-44
介绍了声发射的定义、性质,声发射的计测工作原理、信号类型和信号处理方法,并介绍了声发射在木材工业中的应用。 相似文献
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Physical interpretation of the three characteristic groups of acoustic signals emitted during convective drying of wood is the main subject of this paper. The acoustic emission (AE) was to evidence the fracture intensity during drying of a birch wood sample of cylindrical shape. To explain the three characteristic groups of acoustic signals, and particularly the last one, a mechanistic model of drying was applied to analyse the drying induced stresses in the tested sample. One can conclude from this analysis that the third group of acoustic signals arises when the surface stop to shrink and the wet core (initially in compression) begins to dry. The shrinkage of the core causes compression of the boundary layer and tension of the core. Thus, the reverse of the stress signs in the cylinder cross-section takes place and this possibly involves the destruction of wood structure in the tensed core. 相似文献
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The effects of high temperature steam pretreatment on the change in wood moisture content (MC) and characteristics of vacuum drying were investigated in this study. Poplar and manchurian walnut woods were pretreated with high temperature steam at 100°C and 140°C, prior to vacuum drying. A comparison of the characteristics of vacuum drying between steam pretreated wood and untreated wood was carried out. The results show that during steam pretreatment, the MC of wood decreased within a few hours. The reduction of MC varied with the temperature; the higher the temperature, the faster the MC dropped. During the vacuum drying stage, the rates of drying of pretreated samples were higher than those of untreated samples when MC was below the fiber saturation point. Furthermore, the total drying time of samples treated at a steam temperature of 140°C was lower than that of untreated samples. Therefore, a vacuum procedure after steam pretreatment can effectively shorten the drying time when drying wood. 相似文献
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This study deals with the development of a two-dimensional model to simulate the deformations in wood samples during the wood drying process for the evaluation of the drying quality. The samples cut from sapwood of beech were used to analyse the moisture content distribution of the samples at two different drying conditions. A new concept based on a linear difference method was developed to use the moisture content distribution of the samples for the simulation process to predict deformation due to casehardening. The real deformations of the prongs were compared with the simulated ones for further improvements. The results show that the model can be used to simulate the deformations independently from different drying times and drying conditions. A good comparison between real and simulated changes in deformation was found for the drying process at constant climate conditions. The results provide a useful basis for further investigations on the modelling and simulation of the deformation of the samples due to different drying processes. 相似文献
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Summary Acoustic emission (AE) signals were collected during fracture tests in order to analyze them for characteristics that could be used as parameters in a reactive control system for the wood drying process. Ponderosa pine and California black oak single edge notch tensile specimens were tested in the TR, TL, and mixed mode configurations, at 12 and 18 percent moisture content and at temperatures of 20, 40 and 60 °C. AE was observed in both opening mode and mixed mode tests, but cumulative events to maximum load in mixed mode were 7.4 times greater than in opening mode for oak and 3.4 times greater in pine. It was concluded that mixed mode AE signals were most promising for pattern recognition analysis, which will be the subject of Part II of this study.This research was supported in part by USDA Grant No. 90-37291-5762 相似文献
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白桦木材在自然和人工干燥过程中易受真菌类微生物的侵染产生色变,在一定程度上降低了白桦木材的加工利用价值。本文针对白桦木材侵染菌侵染试材的化学成分变化进行分析,以期为白桦木材生物变色防治提供参考。首先对白桦木材侵染菌进行分离、纯化与鉴定,确定侵染白桦试材的侵染菌的基本类型,然后进行白桦试材接菌,最后对白桦侵染菌侵染木材的化学成分进行测定。结果表明,与未侵染素材相比,侵染菌侵染试材中苯醇抽提物含量、1%NaOH抽出物含量、热水抽出物含量和多戊糖含量均较高,而纤维素及木素含量较低。这表明侵染菌在适宜的条件下会侵蚀白桦木材细胞壁组织,造成纤维素和木素等主要成分含量的降低,导致木材组分的破坏。同时,侵染菌的存在会造成白桦木材抽提物组分中的显色及助色物质的含量变化,以致木材产生不同程度的变色。 相似文献
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Acoustic emission patterns from the surfaces of red oak wafers under transverse bending stress 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary One of the applications of acoustic emission (AE) technology in the forest products field is likely to be in monitoring and/or controlling the drying of wood. This report describes experiments designed to monitor the acoustic emission patterns from the lower surfaces of small red oak test beams which were undergoing failure in tension perpendicular to the grain. Similar patterns are likely to develop in wood which surface checks during drying.When the wood was green, the emission patterns from beams under test were well defined and could be used to predict the onset of cracking before the surfaces under tension were visibly cracked. These patterns were quite similar to the acoustic response of brittle, glassy polymers under stress. Additional experiments on partially dried test beams showed that the clearly predictable emission patterns disappeared and the general level of acoustic emissions increased. This increase in emissions may correspond to shrinkage, at the cell level, of the partially dried beams.This research was conducted as part of the first authors Ph.D. program at VPI&SU under CSRS project 3333121. The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the U.S.D.A. Eastern Hardwoods Utilization Program 相似文献
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Ultrasonic emission (UE) testing is used to analyse the vulnerability of xylem to embolism, but the number of UEs often does not sufficiently reflect effects on hydraulic conductivity. We monitored the absolute energy of UE signals in dehydrating xylem samples hypothesizing that (i) conduit diameter is correlated with UE energy and (ii) monitoring of UE energy may enhance the utility of this technique for analysis of xylem vulnerability. Split xylem samples were prepared from trunk wood of Picea abies, and four categories of samples, derived from mature (I: earlywood, II: 30-50% latewood, III: >50% latewood) or juvenile wood (IV: earlywood) were used. Ultrasonic emissions during dehydration were registered and anatomical parameters (tracheid lumen area, number per area) were analysed from cross-sections. Attenuation of UE energy was measured on a dehydrating wood beam by repeated lead breaks. Vulnerability to drought-induced embolism was analysed on dehydrating branches by hydraulic, UE number or UE energy measurements. In split samples, the cumulative number of UEs increased linearly with the number of tracheids per cross-section, and UE energy was positively correlated with the mean lumen area. Ultrasonic emission energies of earlywood samples (I and IV), which showed normally distributed tracheid lumen areas, increased during dehydration, whereas samples with latewood (II and III) exhibited a right-skewed distribution of lumina and UE energies. Ultrasonic emission energy was hardly influenced by moisture content until ～40% moisture loss, and decreased exponentially thereafter. Dehydrating branches showed a 50% loss of conductivity at -3.6 MPa in hydraulic measurements and at -3.9 and -3.5 MPa in UE analysis based on cumulative number or energy of signals, respectively. Ultrasonic emission energy emitted by cavitating conduits is determined by the xylem water potential and by the size of element. Energy patterns during dehydration are thus influenced by the vulnerability to cavitation, conduit size distribution as well as attenuation properties. Measurements of UE energy may be used as an alternative to the number of UEs in vulnerability analysis. 相似文献
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