共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
根际气体处理对马铃薯形态特征的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
采取汽雾栽培方法,研究了根际6种气体组合对马铃薯形态特征的影响。结果表明,温室环境气体Q3处理马铃薯的株高最高,茎粗和叶面积最大,根系和匍匐茎最长,根系体积最大,小薯产量最高,说明该处理（CO2=1200～400mg/L,O2=21％,N2=78％）是马铃薯生长比较适合的根际环境气体条件,其次是大气Q4处理（CO2=400mg/L,O2=21％,N2=78％）和Q2处理（CO2=1500mg/L,O2=21％,N2=78％）,Q5处理（CO2=200mg/L,O2=60％,N2=28％）马铃薯植株生长状况和最差。根际CO23500mg/L和1500mg/L长期富积处理对马铃薯植株的地上、地下形态生长和块茎形成有抑制作用。但是,每日波动的温室环境气体浓度却有助于马铃薯植株的生长发育。 相似文献
2.
马铃薯钾素的吸收、积累和分配规律 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
马铃薯各器官中钾素(K2O)浓度始终以茎秆中最高,表明作为运输器官的地上茎需要更多的钾离子。马铃薯对钾素(K2O)的吸收速率呈双峰曲线变化,峰值分别出现在块茎增长初期和淀粉积累期,且以淀粉积累期的吸收速率为最高,这与块茎的生育代谢规律一致。降低密度、增施氮、磷、钾肥可提高各器官中钾的含量和钾的积累量,尤其是增施磷肥。马铃薯钾素(K2O)积累量在淀粉积累期达到峰值,在块茎形成期以前,叶片中钾素(K2O)的分配率最高;块茎形成后,地上茎中的K2O的分配率始终高于叶片,这有利于保持地上茎的高效运输、直立与抗性;块茎形成后,K2O的分配率逐渐增加,对于块茎体积的增长和淀粉的积累具有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
刈割是一种重要的农艺措施,不同程度的刈割对于马铃薯生长产生的影响不同。试验采用随机区组设计,探索刈割时期及频次、刈割高度对马铃薯产量、块茎大小分布的影响。在幼苗末期或块茎形成期刈割一次,刈割茎叶程度分别为植株高度1/3或1/4,对马铃薯产量无影响,在幼苗末期和块茎形成期刈割2次会造成马铃薯显著减产。刈割处理会明显增加小薯（<50 g）个数,块茎形成期刈割1/3比例与CK（常规种植）相比显著增加20～50 g单株块茎个数,除幼苗末期刈割1/4比例、幼苗末期刈割1/4+块茎形成期刈割1/4比例2个处理外,其他6个刈割处理与CK相比均显著增加小于20 g单株块茎个数。在幼苗末期或块茎形成期刈割1次,与CK相比单株地上部生物量差异不显著,说明在马铃薯生育前期进行适当刈割补偿效应明显。综上所述,马铃薯幼苗末期或块茎形成期刈割1次,对马铃薯产量无影响,但能增加小薯的数量及重量,有利于马铃薯种薯生产。 相似文献
4.
《中国马铃薯》2016,(5):277-281
利用火焰原子吸收法测定了种植于磷矿复垦地马铃薯植株不同器官中镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)重金属的含量。结果表明,在磷矿复垦地土壤Cd、Pb含量高于土壤无机污染物的二级标准条件下,马铃薯块茎中Cd、Pb含量都超过安全食用标准;马铃薯植株中不同器官Cd、Pb的分布具有明显规律,块茎、根、茎、叶的含量差异显著,呈逐渐增加趋势,叶片是积累2种重金属含量最多的器官,块茎含量最低;随生育期延长,成熟期马铃薯根、茎、叶中的Cd含量较现蕾期略有增加。马铃薯各器官对2种重金属元素的富集系数不同,对Cd的富集作用明显大于对Pb的富集作用,因此即使在低Cd土壤中种植马铃薯也需要谨慎选择。 相似文献
5.
6.
氮素形态与马铃薯品质的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在田间条件下研究了不同形态氮素对马铃薯块茎硝酸盐含量、淀粉、蛋白质及还原糖含量的影响。结果表明,马铃薯块茎内硝酸盐含量从块茎形成期到成熟收获期是逐渐降低的。使用铵态氮肥并加硝化抑制剂双氰胺可以显著地抑制马铃薯块茎硝酸盐的积累;与硝酸盐含量变化相似,从块茎形成期到收获期蛋白质含量也逐渐降低,不同氮素形态处理对马铃薯块茎内蛋白质含量的影响无显著差异;铵态氮添加双氰胺处理可降低块茎还原糖含量。虽然马铃薯被认为是喜硝作物,但本研究表明,不同氮素形态处理不仅没有造成马铃薯产量的显著差异,而且块茎内淀粉含量也无显著差异。 相似文献
7.
马铃薯丰产群体植株光合产物日变化规律的研究(四) 淀粉含量及其日变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全生育期中,马铃薯丰产群体和一般群体植株叶片和茎秆的淀粉含量日变化趋势相同,呈昼高夜低的抛物线形的变化。两群体植株块茎淀粉含量的日变化,在生育前期和后期变化趋势一致,均表现为夜高昼低,而块茎增长期,由于丰产群体块茎夜间增长非常迅速,而出现夜间低峰现象。整个生育期间两群体块茎淀粉含量高于叶片和茎秆,并均随生育期的推移而逐渐增加,但丰产群体始终低于一般群体。前期叶片淀粉含量高于茎秆,后期茎秆和叶片含量相近。茎秆既是马铃薯的支撑和运输器官,也是光合作用的重要辅助器官。 相似文献
8.
为探讨冻害对马铃薯块茎生活力的影响及其快速检测方法,试验设置了5℃、0℃、-5℃、-10℃四个温度梯度,在每个温度下设置1d、2d、4d、8d四个时间梯度,对坝薯9号和坝薯10号两个品种马铃薯块茎进行处理,用红墨水法和氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)法检测处理后块茎的生活力,并对处理后的块茎作发芽试验。结果表明,马铃薯块茎生活力用红墨水法和TTC法检测都是可行的,TTC法比红墨水法更灵敏。0℃下放置4d及-5℃下放置1d时,用红墨水法可以检测到马铃薯薯块红色开始明显加深,马铃薯块茎生活力明显下降;而在0℃下放置2d及-5℃下放置1d时,用TTC法检测到马铃薯薯块红色开始明显变浅,马铃薯块茎生活力明显下降。发芽试验结果表明,用红墨水法和TTC法检测估测的发芽率与实际发芽率之间无显著差异,并观察到冻害明显抑制马铃薯根的生长。 相似文献
9.
马铃薯氮素营养状况的SPAD仪诊断 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以马铃薯品种克新1号为材料,研究了叶片SPAD值、叶片全氮含量、叶绿素含量以及块茎产量随供氮水平的变化规律及相互关系,旨在为使用叶绿素仪进行马铃薯无损伤氮素诊断和推荐施肥奠定基础。研究结果表明,从马铃薯苗期到块茎淀粉积累各个生育阶段叶片的SPAD测定值均与马铃薯叶片含氮量呈显著正相关关系。除苗期外,块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期的马铃薯叶片含氮量和叶片SPAD值随土壤施氮量的变化均表现为线形加平台的模式。因此马铃薯块茎形成期后叶片的SPAD读数可揭示马铃薯的氮素营养状况。统计分析结果还表明,叶片SPAD值与块茎相对产量呈线形加平台的数量关系模式,据此确定了应用叶绿素仪SPAD-502进行马铃薯推荐施肥的SPAD临界值为块茎形成期47.3、块茎膨大期45.1、淀粉积累期40.2。 相似文献
10.
马铃薯主要生理性状和产量性状相关性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大西洋、滇薯6号、PB04和PB08 4个加工型马铃薯品种(系)为供试材料,进行不同品种块茎形成期主要生理性状和收获时产量特性的比较及部分性状间的相关性研究。结果表明:在马铃薯的块茎形成期大西洋的光合速率最强,根系活力较强,抗逆性较强,其农艺性状和块茎产量特征均表现较好。相关分析结果显示,马铃薯的块茎数量、块茎产量、干物质含量和块茎淀粉含量与光合速率呈正相关,生物产量、块茎数量、块茎产量、干物质含量和块茎淀粉含量与叶片电导率呈负相关,而生物产量与根系活力呈正相关。 相似文献
11.
Theodora Karanisa Alexios A. Alexopoulos Georgios Tsaniklidis Ioannis C. Karapanos Konstantinos A. Akoumianakis 《Potato Research》2016,59(4):345-356
Chemical agents may be used to overcome dormancy in potato tubers so as to permit early planting. In this paper, the effect of carbon disulphide on sprouting and related metabolic processes in potato tubers grown from true potato seed (TPS) was investigated. Carbon disulphide was applied to potato tubers derived from TPS, at a rate of 20 ml m?3 container volume for 72 h. It accelerated tuber sprouting and increased tuber weight loss. It also caused an increase in the respiration rate, as well as ethylene emission from the tubers during the first 6 days after treatment. The respiration rate of carbon disulphide-treated tubers remained at a higher level than that of untreated controls for 35 days after treatment. In addition, carbon disulphide increased the concentrations of the soluble sugars sucrose and fructose, but not glucose, in the tuber tissues (buds, parenchyma). These findings suggest that carbon disulphide releases potato minitubers from dormancy and that dormancy breakage is associated with changes in tuber metabolism prior to the visible sprouting. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
Kennebec seed potatoes were stored in various atmospheres of O2 and CO2 at 32 and 41 F (0 and 5 C). Samples were removed every 6 weeks for measurement of bud and parenchyma tissue respiration, rate of ion loss from tissue sections and reducing sugar content. Potatoes remaining at the end of the storage period were warmed, cut and planted immediately in a randomized complete block design for yield evaluation. Intact tuber respiratory rates were higher at 32 F than 41 F. Increasing CO2 increased respiratory rates and decreasing O2 decreased respiratory rates at both temperatures. Decreasing O2 concentration significantly decreased reducing sugar at both 32 and 41 F. Increasing CO2 significantly increased reducing sugar at 41 F but not at 32 F. Kennebec potatoes did not tolerate added CO2 at 32 F but did survive 4% CO2 at 41 F. Reducing oxygen decreased the tolerance to CO2. The onset of carbon dioxide injury was not clearly evident from changes in bud and parenchyma tissue respiration or in loss of electrolytes from cut tissue sections. However, CO2 accelerated tuber breakdown by unidentifiedFusarium Spp. No significant differences in yield were observed between treatments that survived the storage period. 相似文献
15.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):138-143
AbstractPotato tuber initiation and its growth are key processes determining tuber yield, which are closely related to stolon growth, and are influenced by many factors including N nutrition. We investigated the influences of different forms of nitrogen (N) on stolon and tuber growth in sand culture with a nitrification inhibitor during 2010 – 2011, and using two potato cultivars. Plants supplied with NO3-N (N as nitrate, NO3-) produced more and thicker stolons than those supplied with NH4-N (N as ammonium, NH4+) at tuber initiation stage. In the plants fed NO3-N, the stolon tips swelled or formed tubers earlier and produced more tubers than in those fed with NH4-N. However, no significant difference was observed among N forms in terms of tuber yield at harvest, this may have been because of the shoot growth rate at tuber initiation stage was lower in the plants fed NO3-N. During the tuber bulking stage, the difference in shoot DWs among N forms began to decrease, and the shoot DW of plants fed NO3-N was even heavier than those fed NH4-N in some cases. The influence of N form on potato plant growth may therefore vary with the potato growth stage. 相似文献
16.
Three groups of single-halm potato plants were tested for water usage at different stages of growth under growth chamber, greenhouse and field conditions by conducting 24-hour uptake studies at weekly intervals. Although the water usage was higher and more variable in the greenhouse and field than in the growth chamber because of varying environmental conditions during the 24-hour test periods, similar patterns were obtained. From emergence, the potato plant appeared to have four growth stages based on morphological development and water use. The young plant stage from emergence to tuber initiation is characterized by rapid growth, high transpiration rate per unit of plant material (essentially foliage), transpiration significantly correlated with the amount of foliage and a higher percentage of moisture being retained in the plant. The second stage is essentially a short transition stage of tuber initiation where top growth continues, transpiration levels off and a lower percentage of moisture is retained in the plant. The third stage is the tuber bulking stage where transpiration and water use remain relatively static because of non-expanding top growth and a lower percentage of moisture being retained in the plant during the bulking process. The final stage of senescence and tuber ripening is characterized by a marked reduction in water use primarily because of lower transpiration and loss of functioning foliage. 相似文献
17.
氮肥施用时期对马铃薯氮素积累与分配的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以马铃薯克新13号脱毒种薯为材料,在相同氮肥用量下,设置不同生育时期施氮的田间小区试验,通过测定主要生育期植株各器官干物重和含氮量,研究施氮时期对马铃薯不同器官氮素积累、分配及块茎产量和质量的影响。结果表明,马铃薯在营养生长期的吸氮素量仅为全生育期的1/3,块茎形成中期达到马铃薯的吸氮高峰期,块茎增长后期至成熟期块茎中的氮素主要来自营养器官的二次分配。与N 150 kg/hm2全部做基肥相比,将1/3的氮在块茎增长初期追施可使商品薯产量提高25%(P<0.05),达到30.01 t/hm2。氮肥利用率达到44%(P<0.05)。适宜氮肥用量下,基肥和追肥的合理分配是获得马铃薯高产优质的重要条件,基肥氮不足,氮肥集中在苗后施用,则易导致植株贪青。试验在肥力中等的土壤种植马铃薯,150 kg/hm2氮素用量条件下,将2/3的氮作基肥施用,1/3的氮在块茎增长初期追施,较有利于养分在块茎中的分配,同时也能获得最高的块茎产量。 相似文献
18.
马铃薯硫素吸收规律的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过田间试验和室内测定分析,研究了马铃薯硫素吸收规律。结果表明:马铃薯全生育期内各器官含硫量始终以叶片最高,茎秆其次,块茎最低;全株硫的累积吸收量随生育进程的推进呈二次曲线变化,在淀粉积累期硫素累积量达到最大值;块茎形成至块茎增长期是马铃薯一生中硫素吸收速率最快、吸收数量最多的时期;生育期间硫素在马铃薯各器官的分配随着生长中心的转移,发生相应的变化,块茎增长期之前叶片中分配最多,其次为茎秆,块茎中最少,之后则是块茎中最多,茎秆其次,叶片中最少;硫在叶片中的分配率随生育进程逐渐降低,块茎中硫的分配率则为直线增长,茎秆中硫的分配率变化表现为单峰曲线,峰值出现在块茎形成期。本试验产量水平下,每生产500kg块茎需要吸收硫0.13kg。 相似文献