共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
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为明确环境因子对云南蝠蛾蛹发育羽化的影响,采用三元一次正交组合设计分析方法,研究了不同土壤温度、土壤含水量、土层深度条件组合对云南蝠蛾蛹历期、羽化历期、羽化率、羽化出土率的影响,并分别建立了回归方程。结果表明,不同环境因子组合处理对云南蝠蛾蛹的发育羽化有显著影响,其中以土壤温度16℃、土壤含水量60%、土层深度5 cm组合条件下蛹历期最短,为18.41 d;羽化历期最短,为17 d;羽化最为集中;羽化率、羽化出土率结果最好,均达到了96.67%,在土壤温度8℃、土壤含水量30%、土层深度15 cm的组合条件下羽化率和羽化出土率均最低,均为33.33%;在土壤温度8℃、土壤含水量60%、土层深度5 cm的组合条件下蛹历期最长,为36.75 d。从回归分析来看,土壤温度对蛹的发育羽化起着主导主用,特别是对蛹历期、羽化历期、羽化率的影响,在这三个回归方程中,其偏回归系数绝对值最高,分别16.2、9.70、5.94;土壤含水量对羽化出土率的影响起着主导作用,其偏回归系数最高为75.42,对羽化率的影响仅次于土壤温度,而对蛹历期、羽化历期影响较小;土层深度对蛹历期、羽化出土率的影响分别次于土壤温度、土壤含水量,其偏回归系数绝对值分别为0.46、7.92,对羽化历期和羽化率的影响最小。 相似文献
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研究入土深度和土壤相对含水量对草地贪夜蛾化蛹和羽化的影响,为草地贪夜蛾的防控提供参考。通过收集分析不同入土深度和土壤相对含水量条件下草地贪夜蛾化蛹和羽化数量,结果表明草地贪夜蛾蛹期土壤相对含水量为20%～40%时,羽化率最高;草地贪夜蛾在入土深度3 cm时化蛹率最高,为95.56%;入土深度为4 cm时化蛹羽化率最高,为91.23%。土壤相对含水量过高(>70%)不利于草地贪夜蛾化蛹和羽化,因此建议在冬季草地贪夜蛾羽化过程中增加土壤含水量,抑制其化蛹和羽化。 相似文献
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本文研究了浸水处理和土壤相对含水量对番石榴果实蝇(Bactrocera correcta(Bezzi))羽化率的影响。结果表明:不同的浸水时间对不同蛹龄番石榴果实蝇蛹羽化率的影响不同。蛹龄越大,浸水作用对其影响越低;浸水时间越长,番石榴果实蝇蛹羽化率越低。浸水时间(T)、蛹期(A)和蛹羽化率(ER)之间关系符合以下模型:ER=0.675-0.00393T+0.1177A-0.00001997T~2-0.01194A~2+0.0007292T×A。土壤含水量对番石榴果实蝇羽化率影响明显。土壤含水量低于30%或高于90%时,番石榴果实蝇羽化率都明显受到抑制。相对含水量(M)和成虫羽化率(ER)之间存在以下关系:ER=0.422+1.547 M-1.322M~2。 相似文献
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为明确环境因子对桑褐刺蛾越冬虫态发育的影响,结合单因子比较法探讨了温度、土壤含水量和土层深度对该虫越冬代成虫羽化的影响。结果表明:20～30℃是其羽化最适宜温度范围,30℃时羽化率最高,达75%。土壤含水量对桑褐刺蛾羽化存在两个明显不同的范围,10%～40%土壤含水量下羽化率集中在50%～65%之间,而50%以上则不能羽化。不同温度对桑褐刺蛾羽化进度有一定影响,15、20、25、30℃下,其羽化最高峰期分别出现在第6、4、3、2周。分别用直线回归和Logisitic回归模拟了天数与累计羽化进度的关系,两种模型均极显著。用直线回归模型计算,越冬成虫在30℃下理论羽化截止日期最早,时间为5月30日。 相似文献
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土壤含水量对不同地理种群棉铃虫羽化及抗寒能力的影响 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
本试验研究了土壤含水量对我国长江流域棉区、黄河流域棉区和华南棉区棉铃虫种群成虫羽化和滞育蛹抗寒能力的影响。研究结果表明,0％～40％的土壤相对含水量有利于棉铃虫的羽化。棉铃虫成虫羽化阶段是对土壤含水量最为敏感的时期,在土壤相对含水量60％条件下,共计有83.33％的蛾不能正常羽化,此阶段引起的非正常羽化率占总数的47.61％。导致50％个体不能正常羽化的土壤相对含水量分布于56.68％～65.96％之间,不同地理种群间差别不大。土壤含水量增大导致棉铃虫抗寒能力明显降低,在-15℃和土壤相对含水量0％、40％和80％条件下,黄河流域棉区和长江流域棉区棉铃虫种群滞育蛹的致死中时间(LT_(50))分别由46.99h和40.43h下降到21.21h和9.88h。 相似文献
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为探索温湿度对桃小食心虫(Carposina sasakii Matsumura)蛹与成虫的影响,在室内温度为20、23、26和29(±1)℃,土壤含水量5%、8%、11%、14%、17%条件下和相对湿度50%、60%、70%、80%、90%(±5%)条件下分别测定了桃小食心虫蛹的历期和羽化率以及雌虫的受精率、产卵量和寿命。结果表明:桃小食心虫蛹的历期随温度的升高而缩短,而羽化率则不受温度和土壤含水量的影响;在温度20~29℃、土壤含水量5%~17%的范围内,桃小食心虫蛹均能正常羽化;中温高湿是成虫交配和产卵的适宜条件,高温低湿不适宜成虫交尾;高温条件下雌虫寿命显著缩短且低湿条件可加剧高温对成虫寿命的影响。 相似文献
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美洲斑潜蝇在土壤中羽化情况的观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对美洲斑潜蝇在土壤中不同深度羽化情况的观察,得出随着深度的逐渐加大,美洲斑潜蝇蛹出土羽化率逐渐减小,深度超过２２ｃｍ蛹不能出土羽化,提出了采取深翻土壤的农业防治措施,压低虫源,减轻危害。 相似文献
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半闭弯尾姬蜂是小菜蛾幼虫的优势寄生蜂，低温贮藏是实现半闭弯尾姬蜂规模化生产和应用的重要环节。本文研究在4℃低温条件下，蛹和成虫贮藏5、10、15、20、25、30 d对半闭弯尾姬蜂生长发育的影响，不处理为对照。结果表明：随着蛹期低温贮藏时间的延长，成虫羽化率、寄生率逐渐降低，蛹贮藏5、10 d对成虫的羽化率及寄生率较高，分别在81.50%～83.50%和38.43%～39.02%，贮藏15～30 d后成虫的羽化率和寄生率显著低于对照；随着成虫低温贮藏时间的延长，其存活率、寄生率及其子代羽化率逐渐降低，成虫低温贮藏5 d对其存活率、寄生率及其子代羽化率较高，分别为95.75%、38.05%、86.00%，贮藏10～25 d后成虫的存活率、寄生率及其子代羽化率显著低于对照，贮藏30 d后成虫存活率最低，为9.67%，不能寄生。本文研究表明，半闭弯尾姬蜂在繁殖和田间释放过程中，蛹低温贮藏10 d内，成虫低温贮藏5 d内较理想。 相似文献
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不同预埋方式对柑橘大实蝇越冬蛹羽化出土时间的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观察圃置蛆柑法和观察圃埋蛹法获得的大实蝇越冬蛹羽化出土始见日、始盛期、高峰期、盛末期、终见日有明显差异,埋蛹法不同深度处理的结果也有一定差别。置蛆柑法整个羽化出土期为21 d,时间最长。深度3 cm埋蛹法始见日比置蛆柑法早5 d,深度5 cm以下埋蛹法与置蛆柑法始见日相近,深度10 cm埋蛹法与置蛆柑法发生期基本吻合。置蛆柑法羽化盛期内,每日不同时间段的羽化出土数量差异较大。 相似文献
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Asparagus fly (Plioreocepta poeciloptera (Schrank, 1776)) is a serious pest in German asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) production. To evaluate the effects of different routine on-farm soil tillage measures on the number of flies emerging the following spring, asparagus fields in Lower Saxony, Germany, were investigated. Soil samples were taken before and after tillage in autumn 2017 and autumn 2018. Investigations were also conducted in both years on the effect that the soil depth at which asparagus fly pupae were buried had on the emergence of adult flies.
This study revealed that the number of emerging flies was not reduced by mulching, but was significantly reduced by subsequent tillage and/or tillage and dam formation. The emergence rate of adult flies was significantly reduced the deeper the pupae had been buried the previous autumn. The effects also depended on the year. The highest mean emergence rate observed was 68% and 45% for pupae buried at a depth of 10?cm and 20?cm, respectively. In conclusion, the key mechanism causing a decrease in asparagus fly population the following spring through routine on-farm tillage could be the burial of pupae when forming dams. Routine on-farm soil tillage can be regarded as a physical measure for controlling asparagus fly and is therefore an essential tool in the integrated pest management of asparagus production.
相似文献12.
土壤底墒与苗期灌溉量对玉米出苗和苗期生长发育的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
采用二次回归正交设计方法,进行了土壤底墒和苗期灌溉量对玉米出苗和苗期生长发育影响的盆栽试验研究,分别建立了苗期株高、总干重与土壤底墒、灌溉量关系回归模型。研究结果表明,土壤底墒显著影响玉米出苗率,玉米出苗率最高时的壤土和沙土底墒分别为20.6%和13.6%;土壤底墒和苗期灌溉量的交互作用对株高和单株干物质重量具有相互协同效应和替代效应;玉米苗期株高和总干重最大时的壤土底墒均为15.1%,最佳灌溉量分别为86.7 mm和91.7 mm;玉米苗期株高和总干重最大时的沙土底墒分别为12%和13%,最佳灌溉量均为76 mm。 相似文献
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T. J. Paula Júnior C. Rotter B. Hau 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(2):193-202
The effects of soil moisture (varying from 15% to 42% (v/v)) and sowing depth (1.5–6.0 cm) on the development of bean plants
grown in sterile soil infested by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and its antagonist Trichoderma harzianum were studied under greenhouse conditions. The four possible combinations of soil infestation with both fungi were tested.
Disease severity, percentage of plants emerged, plant height and dry weight were evaluated 3 weeks after sowing. Emergence
rate and growth of plants inoculated only with R. solani were not affected by soil moisture, but in the presence of both fungi, plant emergence, plant height and dry weight significantly
decreased when soil moisture diminished. Deep sowing significantly reduced the emergence rate and growth of those plants that
were inoculated with R. solani only. However, when the soil was infested with both fungi, the effect of sowing depth was not significant. At a sowing depth
of 6.0 cm, the percentage of plants emerged was 50% in the presence of T. harzianum, but only 6.7% when the pathogen was inoculated alone. The antagonist protected bean seedlings from pre-emergence damping-off,
reduced disease severity and increased plant growth in the presence of R. solani, especially in moist soil. 相似文献
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Mathematical modeling is extensively used for ecohydrological processes because it facilitates data acquisition. However, modeling of soil moisture and heat remains challenging in dry ecosystems. In this study, we examined the performance of four models in simulating hydrological processes in a semi-arid mountain grassland (SMG), and in shrubland forming a transitional zone between the desert and an oasis (desert–oasis ecotone; DOE) in northwestern China. We used precipitation, air temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and other meteorological variables to estimate moisture and temperature at different soil depths. Four methods were used to test model performance, including partial least squares (PLS) regression, stepwise multiple linear regression (SMR), back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN), and neural network time series. Our results showed that BPANN had the best prediction accuracy and supplied a robust modeling framework capable of capturing nonlinear environmental processes by improving the stability of the weight-learning process. Soil depth in SMG for which model performance was optimized was 20?cm for PLS and SMR. Additionally, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have a remarkable applicability compared to other algorithms for increased accuracy in time-series predictions; however, they could not depict soil moisture or temperature dynamics at 160?cm depth in SMG, and at 10?cm depth in DOE. Using conventional meteorological data as primary predictors, and avoiding the complexity of distributed hydrological models can be helpful in developing a regional capacity for soil moisture and heat forecasting. 相似文献
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黄芪根瘤象甲发生规律及生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为进一步明确黄芪根瘤象甲Sitona simillimus的发生规律和生物学特性,于2016—2019年采用田间系统调查和室内饲养试验对黄芪根瘤象甲的越冬规律、田间数量动态变化、生活习性和各虫态的发育历期进行调查,测定土壤湿度和寄主植物对成虫存活及发育的影响。结果表明,黄芪根瘤象甲以成虫在靠近植物根际处的土层内越冬,越冬适宜的土壤质量含水量为5%~10%。在甘肃省定西市黄芪根瘤象甲1年发生1代,越冬成虫产卵高峰期为每年5月下旬至6月中旬,幼虫发生高峰期为每年6月中旬至8月初,化蛹高峰期为每年7月下旬至8月上旬,成虫羽化盛期为每年8月下旬至9月上旬。黄芪根瘤象甲成虫羽化当年虽可取食,但不产卵,翌年越冬结束后开始取食,取食后即可产卵。在黄芪、红芪、苜蓿和三叶草中,只有取食黄芪叶片的雌成虫才能正常产卵繁殖。黄芪根瘤象甲成虫产卵的昼夜节律明显,产卵主要集中在12：00—22：00,单雌产卵量为2 051.4粒,产卵期为42.6 d。卵、蛹和幼虫的平均发育历期分别为9.8、10.6和36.7 d。 相似文献
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少花蒺藜草是我国重要外来入侵植物之一。研究了环境因子对少花蒺藜草种子萌发和出苗的影响。研究结果表明,光照会促进少花蒺藜草种子休眠,少花蒺藜草种子萌发温度范围为15～40℃,最适萌发温度为25℃,萌发的临界温度在10～15℃;临界水势在－12～－10 MPa,水势在－8～－4 MPa的环境适宜少花蒺藜草生长。少花蒺藜草出苗临界土壤含水量在1．0％～2．5％,生长临界含水量在2．5％～5．0％;少花蒺藜草在pH值为2～12的条件下均可萌发生长,但pH值为12的条件更适合生长;少花蒺藜草种子在沙土中0～15 cm深度均可出苗,1～9 cm深度出苗率最高,在壤土中1～7 cm深度出苗率最高,超过11 cm不能出苗。 相似文献