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1.
藁城市位于华北平原腹地、省会石家庄东侧 30 km,地理坐标为北纬 37°51′～38°1 9′,东经 1 1 4°39′～ 1 1 4°59′,年平均气温1 2 .5℃ ,无霜期 1 89d,平均降水量 4 98mm,既是农业高产区 ,又是平原绿化和农田林网化及河北省省会周围绿化重点地带。杨树是藁城市平原绿化和农田林网化主栽树种 ,6 0年代主要推广品种为加拿大杨 ,由于病虫危害严重、生长缓慢和材质较差 ,70年代改推品种为大官杨和北京杨。大官杨由于天牛危害严重 ,很快被淘汰。北京杨在北京地区表现较好 ,干形通直 ,前期和后期生长速度均较快 ,由于区域限制 ,北京杨在藁城… 相似文献
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藁城市位于华北平原腹地 ,省会石家庄东侧 30km处 ,地理坐标为北纬 37°5 1′～ 38°19′ ,东经 114°39′～ 114°5 9′ ,年平均气温 12 .5℃ ,无霜期 189d ,平均降水量4 98mm。全市东西横距 2 6km ,南北纵向 5 1km ,总面积836km2 。全市 14个乡镇 ,1个经济技术开发区 ,2 4 0个行政村 ,总人口 73万 ,耕地面积 5 .5万hm2 ,基本农田面积4 .3万hm2 。全市四旁植树统计数据为 90 0万株 ,其中农田林网约占 35 %左右 ,约 32 0万株 ,农田林网折合占地面积约 2 0 0 0hm2 ,保护农田面积 5 .3万hm2 ,林网控制率95 %以上。平原绿化尤其是农田林网化在… 相似文献
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江苏沭阳位于苏北平原,地处南北气候交汇地带,属暖温带半湿润季风气候,四季分明,日照充足,雨量充沛,具备杨树生长的良好自然环境条件。沭阳杨树栽植历史悠长,全县现有杨树成片林87万亩、农田林网200万亩。杨树是优良的平原造林树种之一。在沭阳,杨树在改善生 相似文献
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山东省十分重视农田林网的营造和发展 ,已取得较好生态、经济和社会效益。但由于种种原因 ,造成部分林网出现树龄过大、生长衰退 ,树种单一、结构不善 ,品种老化、病虫害严重等问题 ,严重地影响其防护功能和经济效益。因此 ,开展农田林网更新改造技术的研究 ,对提高林网更新质量和经营水平 ,实现其防护功能和综合效益的持续性和稳定性均具有重要意义。为此 ,我们采用定位试验和调查研究相结合的方法 ,对位于鲁西南黄泛平原区成武县的农田林网的更新年龄、更新方式和改造技术等作了系统研究 ,取得一些进展 ,现将研究结果总结如下。1 主要树… 相似文献
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农田林网是农业现代化的重要组成部分 ,生态体系的主体 ,也是农业基本建设中一项极其重要的内容 ,所以 ,它的效益是多方面的。为使林网建设较好的发展 ,现就藁城市林网发展状况和今后如何营建高标准、高质量的农田林网 ,谈以下几点意见 :1 基本情况概述河北省藁城市 ,位于北京西南 2 6 4km、石家庄正东 31 km。地理座标为东经 1 1 4°39′～ 1 1 4°59′,北纬 37°51′～ 38°1 8′。属太行山洪积平原。土壤有褐土与潮土两大类。海拔 39～ 6 5m,地势向东南倾斜缓降。由于过去境内的滹沱河等 3条河流的改道和变迁 ,形成一些沙丘、洼地、河岗… 相似文献
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农田林网是平原农区构成农田防护林体系的重要组成部分。目前,山东省部分林网存在树龄过大、结构不合理、树种品种老化、病虫害严重等问题,迫切需要更新改造,提高林网质量,实现其防护功能和综合效益的持续性和稳定性。为此,山东省科委于１９９１年下达《农田林网更新... 相似文献
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渝东南地区的黔江区属山区 ,位于北纬 2 9°0 4′2 7″～ 2 9°5 2′10″,东经 10 8°2 8′0 4″～ 10 8°5 6′5 6″,年均温度 15 4℃ ,年均降水1194ｍｍ ,最低海拔 32 0ｍ ,最高海拔 1938.5ｍ。当地乡土造林树种主要是马尾松、杉木、柏木。为了给退耕还林工程、天然林资源保护工程、速生丰产用材林工程等提供更多的树种选择 ,本区于 1999年 10月开始中潜 3号杨树引种育苗试验 ,效果较好 ,1年生苗平均高 2 .9ｍ ,平均地径 1.8ｃｍ。笔者将在中低山丘陵地区培育中潜 3号杨树壮苗技术介绍如后。1 圃地选择通过育苗试验 ,中潜 3号杨树在光照… 相似文献
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赵体顺 《中南林业调查规划》1988,(3)
目前我国对农田林网的研究多集中在防护效益和粮食产量方面,对农田林网中林木的物质生产、积累与分配以及光能利用等则研究较少。揭示农田林网生态系统中林木的物质生产、积累、分配、循环的规律有助于挖掘土地生产潜力,提高光能利用率,进一步提高农田林网生态系统的生产力。杨树是华北平原农田林网的主要树种,所以我们对杨树生物量进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献