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1.
Gentamicin was administered to six cats at a dosage of 3 mg/kg of body weight intravenously every 8 h for five days. Peak and trough serum gentamicin concentrations were measured after each injection. Gentamicin elimination rate and serum half-life were calculated. Serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, biochemistry profile, electrolyte, glucose, total protein, and albumin concentrations were measured daily. Urinalyses were performed before and after the five-day experimental period. The mean +/- SD peak serum gentamicin concentration was 7.19 +/- 1.10 micrograms/mL, and the trough concentration was 0.59 +/- 0.09 microgram/mL. These concentrations are known to be effective against most gentamicin-sensitive bacteria. The mean +/- SD gentamicin elimination rate was 0.0065 +/- 0.0004 min-1. The harmonic mean +/- pseudo standard deviation serum half-life of gentamicin was 107.21 +/- 12.79 min. There were no significant increases (P greater than 0.05) in clinicopathological variables. Microscopic examination of renal sections did not disclose pathological lesions. Signs of vestibular impairment were not observed. A dosage of 3 mg gentamicin/kg given intravenously every 8 h for five days was determined to be safe and to produce therapeutic blood levels in cats.  相似文献   

2.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid on renal function after oral administration for 2 weeks in healthy cats. Experiments were performed using nineteen domestic short-haired cats randomly divided into one control (n=6) and two treatment groups. All cats in the first (n=6) and second treatment groups (n=7) received vedaprofen (0.5 mg/kg/day) and tolfenamic acid (4 mg/kg/day), respectively. During the experiment, renal function was evaluated using percent renal uptakes of (99m)Technetium-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) collected from renal scintigraphy and blood samples used to determine complete blood count and biochemical profiles. Renal scintigraphy and blood collections were performed at days 0, 5, 11, 15, and 45. The percent of renal uptake after the administration of vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid were not significantly different compared to pretreatment (day 0) and control group levels. In addition, significant changes were not observed in hematological and biochemical profiles within or between groups, with the exception of slightly lower numbers in red blood cell counts compared to the normal value on day 45 in the tolfenamic acid-treated group. Taken together, we conclude 14-day administration of vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid might not cause any adverse effects on renal function, hematological and serum biochemical variables.  相似文献   

3.
Toxicologic effects of ribavirin in cats   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent active in vitro against a number of RNA and DNA viruses, has been associated with moderate toxicity in laboratory animals and humans. Clinically, ribavirin has been used effectively in persons primarily to treat life-threatening viral diseases such as acute haemorrhagic fever or viral pneumonia of infants. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using this antiviral agent in cats, the effects of oral (p.o.), intramuscular (i.m.) and intravenous (i.v.) doses of ribavirin in 27 9-month-old specific-pathogen-free cats were evaluated by haematology, clinical chemistries, bone marrow biopsies and histopathology. Ribavirin was administered once daily for 10 consecutive days at a dose of either 11, 22, or 44 mg/kg after which all cats were euthanatized and necropsied. Most cats receiving 22 or 44 mg of ribavirin/kg became anorectic and suffered some degree of weight loss (0.2 to 0.6 kg), and about one-third of the cats developed diarrhoea and/or mucous membrane pallor. Icterus or haemorrhage was not observed. The most profound and consistent haemato-logic change, particularly among the moderate and high dosage groups regardless of route of administration, was a significant and severe thrombocytopenia (range, 33–78% reduction in mean platelet counts vs. baseline). Other changes, particularly reductions in total WBC and neutrophils and reductions in RBC and PCV, tended to occur at lower ribavirin dosages, but generally they were not statistically significant. Cats given 44 mg of ribavirin/kg i.v. showed significant decreases in leukocyte variables, including total WBC (P = 0.016), neutrophils (P= 0.026) and lymphocytes (P= 0.047). Mild-to-moderate increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities occurred at doses of 22 and 44 mg/kg. Evaluation of bone marrow biopsies before and after treatment revealed that cats given 11 mg of ribavirin/kg had mild megakaryocytic (MK) hypoplasia, whereas cats receiving 22 or 44 mg/kg had progressively severe degrees of MK hypoplasia and dysplasia, asynchronous MK maturation, and increased myeloidrerythroid ratio. Pathologic changes in ribavirin-treated cats generally were mild and included primarily enteritis (seven cats) and hepatocellular vacuolation and/or centrilobular necrosis (seven cats). Results of this study in cats indicated that daily administration of ribavirin at a dose range of 11 to 44 mg/kg induced a dose-related toxic effect on bone marrow, primarily on megakaryocytes and erythroid precursors, and at the higher dosages it suppressed numbers of circulating leukocytes.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy of monthly administration of selamectin and fipronil against Ctenocephalides felis in cats. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 36 healthy cats. PROCEDURE: Cats known to be free of fleas were infested with 100 unfed adult fleas on days -28 and -21. On days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120, sixteen cats (8 pairs/treatment group) were treated by topical administration of selamectin (6 mg/kg [2.7 mg/lb] of body weight) or fipronil (7.5 mg/kg [3.4 mg/lb]). Four control cats (2 pairs) were not treated. On day -6 and every 2 weeks after initial treatment, comb counts were performed to detect fleas. Flea counts were recorded, and fleas (< or =50) that had been removed were replaced onto the cat. On day 89, fleas were not replaced. On day 91 and every 7 days until the end of the study (day 150), cats were challenged with 20 adult fleas. Flea counts were compared between and within treatments. RESULTS: 14 days after treatment, geometric mean flea counts were reduced by 71.2% by fipronil treatment and 35.3% by selamectin treatment. Both treatments resulted in 97 to 98% reduction in flea counts on day 29 and 99.8 to 100% reduction from day 44 to the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL Relevance: Selamectin is as effective as fipronil in treating infestation in cats housed for 3 months in a flea-infested environment under conditions known to support the flea life cycle and in protecting against subsequent weekly challenges with C felis for an additional 2 months.  相似文献   

5.
This study evaluated the adverse effects of carprofen in seven healthy cats. Values for CBC, biochemical profiles and platelet aggregation were measured before and at seven days after SID treatment with subcutaneous carprofen: 4 mg/kg (day 1), 2 mg/kg (day 2 and 3) and 1 mg/kg (day 4 and 6) (CG) or 0.35 ml of saline (SG) for six days in a randomized, blinded, cross-over study with a four-week washout period. No treatment was given on day 5. Endoscopy of the GI tract was performed pre-treatment and on day 7 post-treatment. There were no significant changes in hematological profiles, biochemical profiles and endoscopy grading scores within nor between groups, except for lower albumin values at baseline than on day 7 (CG), and globulin and ALP values were higher at baseline than on day 7 in CG and SG. SC administration of carprofen over six days did not cause any adverse effects on gastrointestinal, hematological, or serum biochemical variables.  相似文献   

6.
Five cats were treated with an azathioprine suspension (2.2 mg/kg of body weight on alternate days) and 2 cats were given vehicle (controls) for 9 weeks. Complete blood and platelet counts and serum biochemistry variables were monitored weekly. Bone marrow aspirates were evaluated every 3 weeks, and core bone marrow biopsy was performed at the end of the study. Profound neutropenia (less than 600 cells/microliters) was observed in all treated cats, and 1 cat developed pancytopenia. Treatment was discontinued if the WBC count was less than 3,000 cells/microliters. Four weeks after discontinuation of azathioprine, 1 treated cat again was given azathioprine at a lower dosage (1.1 mg of azathioprine/kg on alternate days) and neutropenia recurred within 2 weeks. During treatment, 3 cats developed thrombocytosis, and 2 developed thrombocytopenia. In 4 of 5 cats, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia resolved when azathioprine was discontinued. Bone marrow cytologic examination during treatment revealed reduction of the neutrophil line, with relative increase in monocytes. Core bone marrow biopsy at the completion of the study revealed hypocellular marrow with marked decrease in the myeloid series in cats given azathioprine. One of the cats that was treated with azathioprine had a hypercellular marrow with increased numbers of mature granulocytes and precursors; however, azathioprine had been discontinued 3 weeks prior to biopsy. Alterations in serum biochemical variables were not associated with azathioprine. Two cats that were treated with azathioprine developed respiratory tract infections, and 1 of them was euthanatized during the study.  相似文献   

7.
Haematological parameters and liver specific serum enzymes were examined in pigs during the first 12 weeks of liver migration of larvae following experimental infection with 1000 infective Stephanurus dentatus larvae. No significant changes in total red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, or haemoglobin content were observed. Total white blood cell counts and circulating eosinophils rose rapidly from days 5 and 19 after infection, respectively. Treatment with a mixture of levamisole (LEV) at 10 mg/kg and flubendazole (FLU) at 50 mg/kg in feed four weeks after infection halted the leucocyte response and returned values to normal in two weeks. Disophenol (DIP) at 15 mg/kg subcutaneously restricted the leucocyte response but it was only terminated following FLU treatment alone on day 61. No effects of S dentatus or either anthelmintic treatments on liver specific serum enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were found. Animals killed seven, 26 and 54 days after treatment showed significant resolution of fibrotic liver lesions after LEV + FLU but not after DIP. We conclude that LEV + FLU is an effective treatment for prepatent stephanuriasis but that liver damage is insufficiently traumatic to release sufficient enzymes into serum to be pathognomonic or to assess anthelmintic efficacy.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA) and prednisolone in feline atopic dermatitis (AD) in a randomised, controlled double blind study. Twenty-nine cats with feline AD were randomly allocated to two groups. Eleven cats were treated orally with prednisolone (1mg/kg SID) and 18 were treated with CsA (5mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. At day 0 (D0) and D28, skin lesions were graded by means of the canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI). Skin biopsies and intradermal allergy tests were performed at D0 and blood samples for haematology and serum biochemistry were collected at D0 and D28. During the trial the cat owners were asked to evaluate the intensity of the pruritus once weekly on a linear analog scale and to record side effects. Based on the CADESI there was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of remission (P=0.0562) or in the number of cats that improved by >25% (P=0.0571). The effect of CsA and prednisolone on pruritus as evaluated by the owners was not significantly different (P=0.41) between the two groups. No serious side effects were observed. The conclusion was that CsA is an effective alternative to prednisolone therapy in cats with presumed atopic dermatitis.  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: Administration of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones is associated with improvement in clinical and laboratory abnormalities in cats infected with Mycoplasma haemofelis. No treatment protocol has consistently eliminated the organism, and antimicrobial susceptibility may vary among M. haemofelis isolates. Continued search for effective therapies is warranted. HYPOTHESIS: Marbofloxacin administered at the onset of clinical illness will be safe and effective for the treatment of M. haemofelis. ANIMALS: Fourteen young adult, laboratory-reared cats housed together in a specific pathogen-free facility. METHODS: Twelve cats were inoculated IV with 2.0 mL of blood from 2 M. haemofelis positive cats. Clinical parameters were assessed daily. CBC and hemoplasma polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were performed before inoculation, weekly for 1-3 weeks postinoculation (PI) and twice weekly 3-6 weeks PI. Treatment with marbofloxacin (2.75 mg/kg PO daily for 14 days) was initiated in 6 randomly selected cats when PCV was <30% or fever was >102.5 degrees F (39.2 degrees C). Cats that were PCR positive on day 7 of therapy were treated for 28 days. Cats that were PCR negative on day 42 PI were treated with 20 mg/kg methylprednisolone acetate IM on day 50 PI. RESULTS: Significant differences between groups on some days after inoculation included higher PCV and red blood cell counts, lower mean cell volume, and higher mean cell hemoglobin content in marbofloxacin-treated cats. No differences in PCR assay results were noted between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Marbofloxacin was safe and resulted in more rapid hematologic improvement in M. haemofelis-infected cats, but did not change clinical scores and did not consistently eliminate infection.  相似文献   

10.
Eighty female cats presented for ovariohysterectomy were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups in this assessor-blinded trial. After pre-anaesthetic assessment, the cats were premedicated with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg). Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Forty cats received carprofen (4 mg/kg subcutaneously) and 40 received meloxicam (0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously) after anaesthetic induction. Following routine flank ovariohysterectomy the cats were assessed using visual analogue scale scores for pain and sedation over a 20-hour study period. Blood samples were taken before sedation and at 20 hours for serum biochemistry (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). There were no significant differences between the groups for pain and sedation scores. Serum biochemistry values were similar between the groups, with some differences within groups between the pre-sedation and 20-hour values. One cat in the carprofen group and two cats in the meloxicam group required rescue analgesia with intramuscular morphine (0.2 mg/kg).  相似文献   

11.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of methimazole on renal function in cats with hyperthyroidism. Twelve cats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism and 10 clinically normal (i.e., control) cats were included in this study. All cats initially were evaluated with a history, physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, basal serum total thyroxine concentration, complete urinalysis, and urine bacterial culture. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by a plasma iohexol clearance (PIC) test. After initial evaluation, hyperthyroid cats were treated with methimazole until euthyroidism was achieved. Both groups of cats were then reevaluated by repeating the initial tests four to six weeks later. The mean (+/-standard deviation) pretreatment estimated GFR for the hyperthyroid cats was significantly higher (3.83+/-1.82 ml/kg per min) than that of the control cats (1.83+/-0.56 ml/kg per min). Control of the hyperthyroidism resulted in a significantly decreased mean GFR of 2.02+/-0.81 ml/kg per minute when compared to pretreatment values. In the hyperthyroid group, the mean increases in serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and creatinine concentrations and the mean decrease in the urine specific gravity after treatment were not statistically significant when compared to pretreatment values. Two of the 12 hyperthyroid cats developed abnormally high serum creatinine concentrations following treatment. These results provide evidence that cats with hyperthyroidism have increased GFR compared to normal cats, and that treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with methimazole results in decreased GFR.  相似文献   

12.
Changes in renal fnction of twenty-two cats treated for hyperthyrodism using radioiodine were evaluated. Serum thyroxine (T4), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine specificgravity were measured before treatment and 6 and 30 days after treatment. Twenty-two cats had pretreatment and 21 cats had 6 day posttreatment measurement of glomercular filtration rate (GFR) using nuclear medicine imaging techniques. there were significant declines in serum T4 at 6 days following treatment, but the changes in GFR, serum creatinine and BUN were not significant. At 30 days following treatment, there were significant increases in BUN and serum creatinine and further significant declines in serum T4. Nine cats were in renal failure prior to treatment and 13 cats were in renal failure 30 days following treatment. Renal failure was defined as BUN greater than 30 mg/dl and/or serum creatinine greater than 1.8 mg/dl with concurrent urine specific gravity less than 1.035. these 13 cats included eight of 9 cats in renal failure prior to treatment on 9 of these 13 cats indicated that all remained in renal failure. Based on receiver operating curve analysis of pretreatment glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in predicting posttreatment renal failure, a value of 2.25 ml/kg/min as a point of maximum sensitivity (100%) and spefificity (78%) was derived, Fifteen of 22 cats had pretratmentGFR measurements of less than 2.25 ml/kg/min. these 15 cats included all 9 cats in renal failure and 65 cats with normal renal clinicopathologic values prior to treatment. at 30 days following treatment, 13 of these 15 cats were in renal failure. The 2 cats not in renal failure had persistently increased serum T4 values. seven of 22 cats had pretreatment GFR measurements greater than 225 ml/kg/min. None of these 7 cats was in renal failure at 30 days following treatment, all cats having normal BUN, serum creatinine, and urine specific gravity values. It was concluded that significant declines in renal function occur after treatment of hyperthyroidism and this decline is clinically important in cats with renal disease. Pretreatment measurement of GFR is valuable in detecting subclinical renal disease and in predicting which cats may have clinically important declines in renal function following treatment.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the microemulsified formulation of cyclosporine (MCsA; Neoral; Novartis A.G.), combined with azathioprine (Imuran; Glaxo Wellcome), and prednisolone (Delta-Cortef; Upjohn), would be effective in preventing acute renal allograft rejection in unrelated mongrel dogs. To document any toxic effects associated with this drug combination. STUDY DESIGN: rospective, pilot study. ANIMALS: Four healthy, adult, mongrel, canine renal allograft recipients. METHODS: Heterotopic renal transplantation, with bilateral nephrectomy, was performed in 4 dogs. Allografts were harvested from 2 unrelated dogs that were to be euthanatized for reasons unrelated to this study. The dogs were treated for 100 days or until signs of illness or allograft rejection required euthanasia. Microemulsified cyclosporine (20 mg/kg/day), azathioprine (5 mg/kg every other day), and prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) were administered for the prevention of acute rejection. Body weight, serum biochemistry profiles, complete blood counts, and trough whole-blood cyclosporine concentrations were measured throughout the study. Cyclosporine dose was adjusted to maintain a trough concentration of 400-500 ng/mL. Azathioprine dose was decreased if evidence of hepatotoxicity developed or if the total blood white cell count was <4,000 cells/micro L. The prednisolone was tapered by 0.25 mg/kg increments every 3 weeks and discontinued 14 days before the end of the study in the surviving dogs. Complications were recorded. A complete necropsy and histopathologic examination were performed in each recipient. RESULTS: Two of the 4 dogs survived the 100-day period. One dog was euthanatized at 8 days because of an intestinal intussusception. One dog was euthanatized at 64 days because of a severe upper respiratory infection. At the time of death, these 2 dogs had plasma creatinine concentrations of 1.5 and 2.6 mg/dL, respectively, with no histopathologic evidence of allograft rejection. All dogs had transient weight loss (range, 4.6%-17.7% of preoperative body weight) between days 7 and 14. Two dogs had evidence of hepatotoxicity. The 2 dogs surviving to 100 days had normal serum creatinine concentrations and no clinical signs of rejection. One of these dogs had evidence of a grade IIa acute/active rejection based on the modified BANFF 97 histopathologic classification. The second dog had no evidence of rejection or inflammation within the allograft. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary experimental study shows that immunosuppression using MCsA, combined with azathioprine and prednisolone, may be effective in preventing acute renal allograft rejection in unrelated mongrel dogs for 100 days. Complications included ileocolic intussusception, upper respiratory infection, weight loss, and transient hepatotoxicity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Immunosuppression using MCsA, azathioprine, and prednisolone may be effective in preventing acute renal allograft rejection in unrelated, mongrel dogs. This triple drug protocol is cost-effective and was easy to administer. Further investigation is warranted to minimize toxic effects and to determine the efficacy of prophylactic renal biopsies to detect and treat subclinical acute/active rejection.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether treatment with selamectin would reduce clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) in dogs and cats housed in flea-infested environments. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 22 dogs and 17 cats confirmed to have FAD. PROCEDURE: Animals were housed in carpeted pens capable of supporting the flea life cycle and infested with 100 fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on days -13 and -2 and on alternate weeks with 10 to 20 fleas. On day 0, 11 dogs and 8 cats were treated with selamectin (6 mg/kg [2.7 mg/lb]). Dogs were retreated on day 30; cats were retreated on days 30 and 60. All animals were examined periodically for clinical signs of FAD. Flea counts were conducted at weekly intervals. RESULTS: Throughout the study, geometric mean flea counts exceeded 100 for control animals and were < or = 11 for selamectin-treated animals. Selamectin-treated cats had significant improvements in the severity of miliary lesions and scaling or crusting on days 42 and 84, compared with conditions on day -8, and in severity of excoriation on day 42. In contrast, control cats did not have any significant improvements in any of the clinical signs of FAD. Selamectin-treated dogs had significant improvements in all clinical signs on days 28 and 61, but in control dogs, severity of clinical signs of FAD was not significantly different from baseline severity at any time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that topical administration of selamectin, even without the use of supplementary environmental control measures and with minimal therapeutic intervention, can reduce the severity of clinical signs of FAD in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

15.
The hematologic toxicity of doxorubicin, 30 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA) every 21 days to a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2, was evaluated in six cats. Complete blood and platelet counts were performed daily during the first treatment cycle. They were monitored before treatment for all remaining cycles, and at the average neutrophil nadir (day 8) starting with cycle 4. Significant poikilocytosis developed after the first treatment and remained throughout the study, although anemia did not occur. No other red blood cell abnormalities were seen. Platelet counts remained within the reference range throughout the first treatment cycle, but mild thrombocytopenia (88,000-288,000/uL) was found in 11.3% of subsequent complete blood counts (CBCs). Thrombocytosis was seen in 30.9% of CBCs. Neutropenia did not occur during the first treatment cycle although neutrophil counts did decrease, with the nadir occurring between days 8 and 11. All neutrophil counts returned to pretreatment values by day 14. Neutropenia was documented after 14 of 46 (30.4%) doxorubicin treatments, and was associated with fever in 5 cats (10.9%). All fevers responded to oral antibiotic therapy. Neutropenia that lasted more than 14 days developed in two cats, necessitating dosage reduction to 25 mg/m2 BSA. At the dose used in this study, doxorubicin administration was associated with acceptable hematologic toxicosis in most cats.  相似文献   

16.
Rabbits were given T-2 mycotoxin orally at 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mg/kg of body weight/day for 21 days. Only rabbits in the 0.75 mg/kg/day group (4 of 5 rabbits) died. Alveolar macrophages were harvested on day 22 and used for in vitro phagocytosis of killed Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Cultures included sera from untreated rabbits or rabbits treated with T-2. Phagocytosis was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced in cultures that used serum from rabbits treated with 0.5 mg of T-2/kg/day and alveolar macrophages from untreated rabbits or rabbits treated with T-2. There was little reduction in phagocytosis when alveolar macrophages from rabbits treated with T-2 and normal serum were used. Ingestion of 0.5 mg of T-2 toxin/kg/day significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced weight gain, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, and serum bacteriostasis. Similar changes were found in the 0.75 mg/kg/day group, as well as a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in PCV, total WBC, and differential leukocyte counts. Neutrophil counts decreased, but not significantly (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). Significant changes were not detected in alanine transaminase activity, aspartate transaminase activity, blood urea nitrogen concentration, or complement hemolytic activity. Histopathologic changes consisting of centrilobular hepatocellular swelling, mild portal and periportal fibrosis and lymphocyte necrosis within secondary lymphoid tissues developed in most rabbits treated with T-2. Thymic atrophy, bile duct reduplication, and lymphocyte depletion of secondary lymphoid tissues developed in the group given 0.75 mg/kg/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
Sixteen clinically normal, healthy ponies were randomly assigned to 4 groups and given aflatoxin B1 in doses of 0.045, 0.030, 0.015, and 0 (control) mg/kg of body weight per day for 21 days (or total doses of 0.945, 0.630, 0.315, and 0 mg/kg). The animals were allowed to recover for 3 months and then were reassigned to 4 treatment groups such that each group during the 2nd trial included a pony from each of the groups of the 1st trial. The animals in the new groups were intubated and were given aflatoxin in doses of 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, and 0 (control) mg/kg/day for 5 days ( or total doses of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 0 mg/kg). Venous blood samples were drawn every other day to monitor for toxicosis; examinations were made for RBC and WBC counts, hemoglobin concentration, PCV, serum urea nitrogen, prothrombin time, and serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, iditol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and arginase. There were no significant differences between treatment groups and controls (given no aflatoxin) in the toxicologic values examined for during the 1st trial. During the 2nd experiment, 2 of the ponies in the large-dose treatment gorup (2.0 mg/kg) demonstrated increased serum enzyme activities. These animals had been in the large-dose (0.945 mg/kg) and median-dose (0.63 mg/kg) groups during the 1st trial. Arginase, iditol dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities became increased on the 4th day of treatment and continued to increase until the 6th day of the experiment (1 day after treatment was terminated). These enzymes approached control group values at 10 days after cessation of treatment. These increases were indicative of hepatocellular toxicity. It was concluded that the possibility of equine aflatoxicosis exists although ponies given high quality rations appear to be less susceptible than some other species. Prior exposure to aflatoxins may predispose to clinical toxicity on subsequent exposure, despite lack of expression of clinical signs.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
The pharmacokinetics of carprofen, a propionic acid-derived nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID), and its effect on gastrointestinal mucosa, complete blood counts (CBC) and biochemical indicators of liver and renal function were investigated in healthy cats using a randomized crossover design. A single dose of 4 mg/kg of carprofen (Zenecarp(R) Injection), normal saline, or 20 mg/kg of DL-lysine acetyl salicylate (Vetalgine(R)) was given intravenously (i.v.) to each of five cats with a washout period of 2 weeks between treatments. Endoscopy of the stomach and duodenum 8 h postinjection revealed one acetyl salicylate-(aspirin)-treated cat with minor pinpoint erosions. None of the other cats in the three treatment groups had evidence of bleeding or ulceration. Serum biochemistry measurements of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and complete blood counts (CBC) were not significantly altered from pretreatment values by the single dose of salicylate or carprofen (P < 0.05). Early and extended sample time points suggest that the pharmacokinetics of carprofen in the cat fit a 2-compartment model, with a long elimination half-life (t1/2) of 20.1 +/- 16.6 h, an area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of 637 (+/- 237) microgram.mL/h and a volume of distribution (Vdss) of 0.14 +/- 0.05 L/kg. Intravenously administered aspirin fit a 2-compartment model and had a long elimination half-life (t1/2) of 22.2 +/- 3.1 h, an AUC of 3824.2 +/- 506.7 microgram.mL/h and a volume of distribution (Vdss) of 0.17 +/- 0. 01 L/kg.  相似文献   

20.
Although cats are less susceptible to infection with Dirofilaria immitis than are dogs, the possibility of severe consequences from infection or adulticidal treatment renders preventive treatment a desirable alternative in endemic areas. To evaluate the efficacy of milbemycin oxime as a chemoprophylactic agent in cats, 48 cats were inoculated with infective D immitis larvae. Single oral treatment with 2.3 mg of milbemycin oxime (0.5 to 0.9 mg/kg of body weight) at 30 or 60 days after inoculation with infective larvae gave strong but incomplete protection. Treatment at 60, as well as 90, days after inoculation with infective larvae was completely effective in preventing development of infection. A control group of inoculated, but untreated, cats was monitored biweekly for hematologic changes and for changes in parasite-specific serum antigen and antibody concentrations. Pronounced increases in total leukocyte counts and eosinophil numbers were associated with the estimated time of in vivo molting from fourth- to fifth-stage larvae. Antibody reactivity correlated with infection status, but serum antigen concentrations through 161 days after inoculation were undetectable.  相似文献   

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