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1.
近50年中国天山日照时数变化及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用气候倾向率方法,对天山24个站1960-2009年逐月日照时数进行统计分析,并在ArcGIS环境下通过IDW插值法分析日照时数变化的空间分异。结果表明:近50年天山山区年日照时数表现为极显著的减少趋势,气候倾向率为-32.9 h/10 a,其中春季略有增加,冬季减少最为明显,夏、秋季均为缓慢的减少趋势。20世纪60年代天山年日照时数为正距平,仅春季日照偏少;70年代均为正距平,以秋季最为明显;80年代春、冬季日照充足,夏、秋季日照偏少,年日照时数为负距平;20世纪90年代和21世纪初年日照时数均为负距平,尤其以90年代的冬季最为明显;2000-2009年秋、冬季日照偏少,春、夏季日照偏多,日照时数有所增加。20世纪60年代年日照时数出现了异常偏多年份,90年代发生了异常偏少年份。年日照时数的变化与降水量和云量的多少有关。  相似文献   

2.
在气象观测数据基础上,运用数理统计方法对讨赖河流域1957-2012年降水变化进行研究.结果表明:①20世纪60、80、90年代秋季降水量偏少,70年代及2000年以后偏多,其他季节20世纪70、90年代相对较少,80年代相对偏多;夏季降水2000年以后明显增加,年降水量60、70、90年代偏少,80年代及2000年以后偏多.②除春季降水略有下降、冬季无明显变化外,其他季节降水均呈增加趋势,夏季上升幅度最大且通过了显著性检验,秋季次之.③1957-2012年研究区降水量均存在26～30 a的长周期变化,此外,还存在15 a以及8 a左右的周期变化.④年、夏、秋、冬季降水量分别在1980、1972、2003、1970年突变增加,均通过了0.01的置信度水平检验,再次表明了讨赖河流域从暖干向暖湿转型的气候特征.  相似文献   

3.
首先分析西峰1971~2004年先年7~9月夏闲期降水量与次年冬小麦产量相关关系,进而利用陇东15个气象观测站1971~2004年7~9月降水资料,讨论降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:7~9月降水量与次年冬小麦气象产量通过0.01信度检验,达到显著相关水平;降水量年际最大值出现在2003年,为464.8 mm,最小值出现在1991年,为130.2 mm,最大值是最小值的3.6倍,年际周期以7 a周期最为显著,年代际以13 a长周期最为明显。降水量年代际变化明显,上世纪70、80年代降水正常或略偏多;90年代降水普遍偏少或特少,降水距平均为负值;2001年以来,降水明显偏多。降水总量以正宁为最大值中心,向西及西北分为两支逐渐减少,中部的华亭成为次大值区域,这样的分布特征与陇东的地理和地形条件密切相关。  相似文献   

4.
选取1960~2011年内蒙古104个测站春季(3~5月)降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析内蒙古春季降水特征和典型干旱和多雨年同期和前期大气环流特征。结果表明:内蒙古春季降水呈从东到西,从南到北减少的分布;春季以干旱少雨为主,每个年代都有两年或三年的连续干旱发生;90年代后降水的异常偏多和偏少的频率显著增加;干旱少雨年同期500hPa中高纬度欧亚距平场呈"-+-"的分布,表现出中亚高压脊强盛,东亚槽深厚的特征。多雨年与干旱少雨年相反,欧洲大陆为正距平中心,内蒙古中西部及其上游的蒙西山地和西西伯利亚平原为负距平,中国大陆东部沿海、日本岛为正距平中心,表明内蒙古上游地区高压偏弱,下游东亚大槽位置偏东,中高纬度以纬向环流为主。850hPa径向距平风场显示,在干旱少雨年,西亚和南亚地区均为西北气流。多雨年孟加拉湾一直到俄罗斯东部均为南风距平。干旱(多雨)年前期乌拉尔山高压脊强盛(偏弱),东亚大槽位置偏西(偏东),贝加尔湖为高压槽(脊)。  相似文献   

5.
石羊河流域近45年气温和降水特征分析   总被引：16，自引：6，他引：10  
利用1961-2005年石羊河流域上游(古浪)、中游(凉州区)、下游(民勤)当地气象站的气温、降水资料,分析了石羊河流域的气候变化特征.结果表明:45年来,流域气温总体呈上升趋势,20世纪60-80年代气温呈降低的趋势,而90年代开始到21世纪初气温呈上升趋势.年平均气温的升高主要是冬季和秋季增温的贡献.降水总体上呈相对增多趋势,上、中、下游降水的年代际变化呈现出不同的特点,降水分布不均.流域内降水量夏季最多,秋季次之,冬季最少;石羊河流域平均气温异常偏暖集中在90年代末到21世纪初,异常偏冷集中在60年代末;石羊河流域降水异常偏多出现在70年代和90年代,异常偏少出现在60年代.  相似文献   

6.
近52年来磴口地区气候变化分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
本文分析了磴口52年(1954-2005)逐月平均气温和降水量。结果表明:年平均气温逐年代递增,低温年发生在50至70年代,暖温年发生在80年代后,体现为"前凉后暖"的特点;年平均气温及各季平均气温均呈明显上升趋势,增长幅度依次为冬季>全年>春季>秋季>夏季。降水量年代际变化比较明显,60年代与90年代降水明显偏多,其它年代偏少,而且70年代是降水偏少的转折时期。年际间降水变化趋势不明显,丰水年与枯水年分别为36.5%和27.0%。降水的年际变幅夏季最大,秋季次之,冬季最小。降水主要集中在夏季,而且年降水的波动形态与夏季基本一致。  相似文献   

7.
近40年青海东部春季降水变化特征及小波分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
应用线性趋势分析和小波变换分析方法对青海东部地区12个气象台站1961~2004年春季降水的变化特征及时~频特征进行了分析。结果表明:近44 a来,青海东部地区春季降水量波动明显,年代际变化表现出20世纪60年代偏多,70年代、80年代偏少,进入90年代以来偏多的趋势;春季降水总体呈弱的增加趋势,分阶段分析,只在1981~2004年时段趋势呈弱的减少,其余时段均呈增加趋势;在10 a及以上相对较大的时间尺度上,春季降水干、湿交替的特征非常明显,经历了6个干、湿交替的阶段,其突变点为1964年、1975年、1983年、1993年、2001年,其10~12 a和16 a左右的周期较为明显;而对于10 a以下相对较小的时间尺度,春季降水变化比较复杂,增加了更多的相对干、湿交替阶段和突变点,其6~8 a的周期突出;当周期振荡表现为较强的负位相时,均会发生强的干旱;从最近几年青海东部地区的春季降水变化来看,其较大尺度和较小尺度的变化均处于较强的偏多期。  相似文献   

8.
利用山西省108个地面气象站1957-2003年逐月降水、平均气温以及蒸发量等气象要素资料,采用主成分分析和聚类分析法进行气候分区,选取10个代表站的降水和平均气温序列,运用Morlet小波分析方法,对山西省47年气候变化以及不同时间尺度降水和气温变化的空间差异进行了诊断分析.结果表明:①山西省降水和气温存在多层次结构,不同时间尺度,存在不同的周期振荡行为.②山西省降水和气温总的变化趋势是20世纪80年代中期以前变冷变湿,且变化剧烈,之后变暖变干,且变化趋于缓和;21世纪初降水有恢复性增加趋势,气温有回落迹象.③山西省降水的空间差异明显,而气温变化的空间差异则相对较小.④从季节分布来看,21世纪初,春季降水偏少,冬季偏多,夏秋季降水则为偏少趋势中有小幅增加阶段;春季气温仍为偏高趋势,秋季有回落迹象,冬夏季为偏高趋势中有小幅回落阶段.  相似文献   

9.
新疆夏季高温日数的变化特征及其影响因子   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
根据1961-2018年新疆夏季高温日数的气候特征分析,新疆夏季高温日数的空间分布型可以分为全疆一致型、南北反相型和东西反相型。全疆一致型分布为新疆夏季高温日数的主要空间分布形态,在20世纪90年代中后期发生了一致增多的突变;南北反相型的分布在21世纪是多发的;21世纪以来,东西反相型多表现为偏西地区高温日数偏少、偏东地区高温日数偏多的分布特征。与3类分布型显著相关的环流场关键区域均位于中低纬度,当南亚高压偏强且南亚高压中心位置偏北时,夏季中低纬度尤其是30°~50°N位势高度明显升高,有利于新疆高温日数偏多。对于位于中纬度的新疆区域,从高度场的合成和温度平流的分析来看,厄尔尼诺事件不利于新疆夏季高温日数的偏多。  相似文献   

10.
天山山区近40年冬季降水变化特征与南、北疆的比较   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
利用新疆 1 95 9～ 1 998年的冬季降水资料 ,本文首先分析天山山区近 40年来冬季降水的干湿变化阶段 ,极值年份及其降水距平 ,显著周期 ,空间分布特征和年代际变化特点 ,进而与南疆、北疆进行比较 ,并得出了一些重要的结论。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

14.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

15.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

16.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

17.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

18.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

19.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

20.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

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