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1.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hydatidosis occurs in cattle bred in the northern region of the Northern Territory. DESIGN: A survey utilising two stage sampling was designed to provide 95% confidence of detecting hydatids in cattle with a herd prevalence of 10% and animal prevalence of 10%. PROCEDURE: For a 1 year abattoir killing season, lesions from the liver and/or lung were collected from 4348 cattle being slaughtered at a Northern Territory abattoir and examined for hydatid cysts. The origin of cattle was established through identification of the brand. RESULTS: Sample sizes of 41 or more Northern Territory bred cattle were achieved for each of 29 properties. No hydatid cysts were found in cattle bred in the northern region of the Northern Territory. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that a cycle of hydatid transmission does not occur in the northern region of the Northern Territory. 相似文献
2.
Objective To estimate the specificity of an absorbed enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay kitd for Johne's disease (JD) when used in mature cattle populations resident in northern Australia.
Design Blood samples were collected from beef cattle in northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia, and from dairy cattle in northern Queensland. The specificity of a serological test for JD was estimated by testing the blood samples with an absorbed ELISA kit. Further samples were collected from cattle with positive ELISA results to determine the presence or absence of infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis .
Procedure During 1995 and 1996, blood, tissue and gut contents were collected from beef cattle at abattoirs in Queensland and the Northern Territory; and blood and faecal samples were collected from dairy cattle in herds assessed to be most at risk for JD in northern Queensland. The blood samples were tested using an absorbed ELISA kit. Tissues and gut contents from beef cattle that had positive ELISA results were cultured for M avium subsp paratuberculosis , and tissues were examined histo-logically. Faecal samples from dairy cattle with positive ELISA results were cultured for M avium subsp paratuberculosis .
Results Estimates of specificity for this absorbed ELISA in mature northern Australian cattle were 98.0% (97.0 to 98.8%, 95% CI) in beef cattle, and 98.3% (96.7 to 99.3%, 95% CI) in dairy cattle.
Conclusion Estimates of specificity in this study were lower for beef cattle from the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia and for dairy cattle from northern Queensland than those quoted from studies on cattle in southern Western Australia. This should be considered when serological testing using the JD ELISA is carried out on northern Australian cattle. 相似文献
Design Blood samples were collected from beef cattle in northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia, and from dairy cattle in northern Queensland. The specificity of a serological test for JD was estimated by testing the blood samples with an absorbed ELISA kit. Further samples were collected from cattle with positive ELISA results to determine the presence or absence of infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis .
Procedure During 1995 and 1996, blood, tissue and gut contents were collected from beef cattle at abattoirs in Queensland and the Northern Territory; and blood and faecal samples were collected from dairy cattle in herds assessed to be most at risk for JD in northern Queensland. The blood samples were tested using an absorbed ELISA kit. Tissues and gut contents from beef cattle that had positive ELISA results were cultured for M avium subsp paratuberculosis , and tissues were examined histo-logically. Faecal samples from dairy cattle with positive ELISA results were cultured for M avium subsp paratuberculosis .
Results Estimates of specificity for this absorbed ELISA in mature northern Australian cattle were 98.0% (97.0 to 98.8%, 95% CI) in beef cattle, and 98.3% (96.7 to 99.3%, 95% CI) in dairy cattle.
Conclusion Estimates of specificity in this study were lower for beef cattle from the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia and for dairy cattle from northern Queensland than those quoted from studies on cattle in southern Western Australia. This should be considered when serological testing using the JD ELISA is carried out on northern Australian cattle. 相似文献
3.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the specificity of an absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for Johne's disease (JD) when used in mature cattle populations resident in northern Australia. DESIGN: Blood samples were collected from beef cattle in northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia, and from dairy cattle in northern Queensland. The specificity of a serological test for JD was estimated by testing the blood samples with an absorbed ELISA kit. Further samples were collected from cattle with positive ELISA results to determine the presence or absence of infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. PROCEDURE: During 1995 and 1996, blood, tissue and gut contents were collected from beef cattle at abattoirs in Queensland and the Northern Territory; and blood and faecal samples were collected from dairy cattle in herds assessed to be most at risk for JD in northern Queensland. The blood samples were tested using an absorbed ELISA kit. Tissues and gut contents from beef cattle that had positive ELISA results were cultured for M. avium subsp paratuberculosis, and tissues were examined histologically. Faecal samples from dairy cattle with positive ELISA results were cultured for M. avium subsp paratuberculosis. RESULTS: Estimates of specificity for this absorbed ELISA in mature northern Australian cattle were 98.0% (97.0 to 98.8%, 95% CI) in beef cattle, and 98.3% (96.7 to 99.3%, 95% CI) in dairy cattle. CONCLUSION: Estimates of specificity in this study were lower for beef cattle from the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia and for dairy cattle from northern Queensland than those quoted from studies on cattle in southern Western Australia. This should be considered when serological testing using the JD ELISA is carried out on northern Australian cattle. 相似文献
4.
Echinococcosis/hydatidosis: its prevalence,economic and public health significance in Tigray region,North Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A cross sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence, economic and public health significance of echinococcosis/hydatidosis
in Tigray Regional State, north Ethiopia. Out of 18 stray dogs euthanized and examined, three of them were found harboring
the adult parasite Echinococcus granulosus in their small intestine. From 5,194 cattle examined at slaughter houses, 1146 (22.1%) of them were found harboring hydatid
cyst. The majority of the infected cattle had hydatid cyst in both liver and lungs. The hydatid cyst infection in the lung,
liver, kidney, heart and spleen were found to be 13%, 8.1%, 0.5%, 0.4%, and 0.1%, respectively. The estimated total annual
loss from bovine hydatidosis due to offal condemnation (lungs and liver) and carcass weight loss was 25,608 Ethiopian (Eth.)
Birr. The present human hydatidosis survey conducted in all six zonal hospitals of Tigray Regional State disclosed one active
clinical case in Mekelle hospital during the study period. While, the retrospective data analyses of the six zonal hospitals
indicated that eight cases of human hydatidosis were diagnosed since 2000. Thus echinococcosis/hydatidosis is considerably
prevalent disease in cattle and it is a serious public health concern in Tigray region. 相似文献
5.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate additional restriction enzymes for IS900 RFLP of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and examine the genetic diversity among Australian isolates for epidemiological studies of Johne's disease. DESIGN AND PROCEDURE: Seventy-one isolates of M paratuberculosis from cattle, sheep, goat, alpaca and rhinoceros in six Australian States and the Northern Territory, reference strains and reference DNA from previously characterised strains were tested for genetic variation. Bst EII, Pvu II and Pst I restriction enzymes were used, and four others (Bam HI, Alu I, Xho I and Dra I) were assessed for their ability to detect polymorphisms. Multiple isolates from some animals were tested. RESULTS: Bam HI, was the most effective enzyme for identifying polymorphisms (12 types), followed by Bst EII (11 types). Both Pvu II and Pst I were relatively ineffectual. Fifteen different types were identified, 12 in clinical isolates. Most isolates were cattle (C) strains and fell into the C1 (n = 28) and C3 (n = 32) groupings. All isolates from alpaca were type C1, and bovine isolates were commonly C1 (n = 15) or C3 (n = 28). All of the sheep were infected with sheep (S) strains; no S strains were identified in cattle. Two of six isolates from one animal had single band differences. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological features of M paratuberculosis in Australia are similar to those reported in New Zealand, where cattle and sheep are commonly infected with different strains. However, because of the lack of polymorphism identified within the major groups, it is unlikely that DNA fingerprinting will have a significant role in epidemiological studies of Johne's disease, unless an unusual strain in being studied. 相似文献
6.
An ELISA for the detection of anergic tuberculous cattle 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
P. PLACKETT J. RIPPER LA. CORNER K. SMALL† K. de. WITTE† L. MELVILLE† S. HIDES‡ PR. WOOD 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(1):15-19
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bovine antibody to antigens in unheated Mycobacterium bovis culture filtrate was standardised against a reference serum from an experimentally infected cow. Two Northern Territory herds with a total of 561 cattle were tested. All cattle reacting in the caudal fold tuberculin test, those giving strong reactions in the ELISA and those with visible lesions of tuberculosis were subjected to a detailed bacteriological examination. Of the 19 cattle which yielded isolates of M. bovis, only 4 were positive to the tuberculin test. Serum samples from 5 cattle gave ELISA values greater than 7.0 units. None of these 5 reacted in the tuberculin-test and 2 had no visible lesions. Of the 10 remaining cattle from which M. bovis was isolated, 3 had ELISA values between 6.5 and 7.0 units and were also without visible lesions. The ELISA values for the remaining 7 infected cattle ranged down to 4.6 units. Forty cattle yielded no M. bovis on culture of their tissues. They included 7 which were reactors in the tuberculin test and 23 with ELISA values of 7.0 units or more. The evident low specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA make it of little value as an alternative to the tuberculin test, but it can detect some anergic cattle at the cost of increasing the number of false positive reactors. This may be acceptable in some circumstances and would justify the use of the ELISA as a complement to the tuberculin test or to an in vitro assay of T-cell immunity. In the 2 Northern Territory herds described, the removal of 5 of the anergic cattle would have required a cull of 28 animals of 5% of the total. A cut off value of 6.5 units would have eliminated 3 more, but at the cost of culling 80 animals or nearly 15% of the cattle. Even so, 7 cattle from which M. bovis was isolated would have remained undetected by either test. 相似文献
7.
G. Theodoropoulos E. Theodoropoulou G. Petrakos V. Kantzoura J. Kostopoulos 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(6):281-284
The prevalence of parasitic infections responsible for the condemnation of carcasses and viscera during meat inspection, and their economic implication, was estimated in a year long abattoir survey of 10 277 slaughtered farm animals in the region of Trikala, Greece. The organs examined for the presence of parasitic lesions during meat inspection were: liver and lungs of all animals, rumen of cattle, small intestine of lambs and kids, and muscles of cattle and swine. The parasitic lesions observed in the lungs of cattle, sheep and goats were caused only by hydatid cysts. No hydatid cysts were observed in the lungs of swine. The parasitic lesions observed in the liver of cattle, sheep and goats were as a result of hydatid cysts and flukes of Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum, while those of swine were due to milk spots only. Moniezia sp. proglottids were found in the small intestine of lambs only. The prevalence of parasites responsible for the condemnation of marketable organs was low (0.26%). Parasites were responsible for 22% of the total of condemned organs, and their annual cost was 99 500 GDR (～€292). The parasites most contributing to marketable organ condemnation were hydatid cysts (26%) and D. dendriticum flukes (26%). 相似文献
8.
了解当前四川省家畜包虫病流行状况,为国家防治包虫病行动计划和省包虫病综合防控工程规划的启动和实施提供基础数据。通过眼观、触摸、刀切囊肿的方法检查定点屠宰场牛、羊的肝、肺包虫病感染情况,采用细粒棘球绦虫犬粪抗原抗体夹心ELISA检查犬感染情况,采用问卷、实地走访、座谈等方式进行基线调查。若尔盖、理塘和色达3个县的牛包虫病平均感染率、羊包虫病平均感染率、犬感染细粒棘球绦虫平均感染率分别为21.27%(67/315)、29.52%(62/210)、14.57%(44/302);随机调查12个村,464个人中有12人曾患包虫病(2.59%)。"包虫病传播途径、动物能否传播给人、家犬如何驱虫、病畜内脏如何处理"4项包虫病常识的单项认知率分别为33.33%、44.17%、34.17%、38.33%。包虫病在我省部分疫区流行广泛,危害严重,犬细粒棘球绦虫的感染率和牛、羊的包虫病感染率之间存在一定的相关性。通过采取加大财政专项投入,加强传染源的控制,加强家畜防治和屠宰监督管理,加大宣传教育力度等综合防控措施才能有效地防控包虫病。 相似文献
9.
SUMMARY The prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in populations of feral pigs from five areas in the Northern Territory was examined. In total 790 pigs were necropsied and positive cultures of M bovis were obtained from two pigs (0.25%) and a mycobacterial granuloma was found in one pig. The observed prevalence of M bovis infection in feral pigs is significantly less (x2= 139.8, df = 1, P < 0.001) than the results of a comparable survey conducted during the early 1970s before the implementation of the Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Campaign. The prevalence of all types of macroscopic lesions resembling tuberculosis was significantly (x2= 338.7, df = 1, P < 0.001) less than the earlier survey. The results are further support for the hypothesis that in the Northern Territory feral pigs are an end-host for M bovis infection, and that the previous high prevalence of M bovis recorded in feral pigs in the 1970s was caused by the close association between these animals and large populations of M bovis-infected buffalo and cattle. 相似文献
10.
Bayemi PH Webb EC Nsongka MV Unger H Njakoi H 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(2):141-144
Holstein cattle of a small scale dairy production systems were screened for Brucella abortus antibodies in 21 villages in Cameroon by ELISA. Results show a general seroprevalence of 8.4% in Holstein cattle. Of the
192 cows tested, 14 were infected giving a within-sex seroprevalence of 7.3% while 6/74 bulls were infected with a seroprevalence
of 8%. There was no evidence (P=0.11) of differences in seroprevalence between age groups although animals above one year
and below three years accounted for nearly half of the infected animals. 64% of infected animals were found in three locations
(P=0.015): Kutaba (32%), Bamendankwe (16%) and Finge (16%). A specific control programme should be organized at these locations.
Measures should be taken to ensure the eradication of the disease within the population and sound control measures adopted
to avoid a further spread of the disease to larger cattle populations. Infected animals should be slaughtered systematically.
All farmers should be advised to boil milk before consumption. Vaccination against Brucella abortus should be instituted and use of artificial insemination propagated. In order to ensure a productive and healthy population
of Holstein cows within the dairy production scheme, regular Brucella testing should be instituted. 相似文献
11.
Dalimi A Motamedi G Hosseini M Mohammadian B Malaki H Ghamari Z Ghaffari Far F 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,105(2):161-171
In the present study, 115 stray dogs (56 males and 59 females, mixed breed), 86 golden jackal (Canis aureus, 42 males and 44 females), 60 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes, 33 males and 27 females), and three female wolves (Canis lupus) were examined for Echinococcus granulosus infection, as well as, 32,898 sheep, 10,691 goats, 15,779 cattle and 659 buffaloes for hydatid infection from five provinces in western Iran during 3 years (1997-2000). Meanwhile fertility rates of different types and forms of cysts isolated from infected animals and the viability of protoscolices were also determined. Results indicated that 19.1% of the dogs, 2.3% of the golden jackals and 5% of the red foxes were infected with Echinococcus granulosus. 11.1% of the sheep, 6.3% of the goats, 16.4% of the cattle and 12.4% of the buffaloes were also found to be infected with hydatid cyst. The cysts isolated from liver and lungs of the sheep show higher fertility rate than the cysts of liver and lungs of goats, cattle and buffaloes. 相似文献
12.
Geraint Wyn-Jones BVSc Michael J. Clarkson DVSc 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1984,25(4):182-186
Unilocular hydatid disease in humans is of world-wide importance. While surgical removal is the usual treatment, the drug mebendazole has been reported as being active against the cyst wall; other potentially valuable drugs are likely to become available. Naturally infected sheep would be a suitable model for testing drugs against hydatid disease, and a method for selecting infected animals from flocks in areas with a high incidence of this condition would be valuable. To determine whether radiographic examinaiton of the thorax would be a satisfactory method of identifying cysts, the authors radiographed and then killed 93 cull ewes. At necropsy, the lungs were examined, and the nature and distribution of cysts were noted and compared with the findings obtained separately by radiology. A similar study was made on a sheep infected experimentally with a large number of Echinococcus granulosus ova. The technique of thoracic radiography in sheep is described. These studies indicate that there are four different morphologic manifestations of ovine hydatid cyst that may be reliably identified by radiologic examination. They also show that thoracic radiology provides a method for detecting active hydatid infection in sheep and for following the progress of individual cysts. 相似文献
13.
MM FEIZABADI ID ROBERTSON A HOPE DV COUSINS DJ HAMPSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(12):887-889
Objectives To examine strain variation amongst Australian isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis .
Design Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was optimised for differentiation of M paratuberculosis strains, and this typing technique was then applied to a collection of Australian isolates.
Procedure DNAs from 35 Australian isolates of M para-tuberculosis and a UK reference strain were digested with one or other of three restriction endonucleases. The banding patterns obtained after pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments were compared.
Results The Australian isolates were divided into two groups on the basis of their DNA banding pattern. Both were different from the UK reference strain. Seven isolates from cattle in Victoria and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as five isolates from alpacas in Victoria and Western Australia. Another 20 isolates from cattle in Victoria, Western Australia and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as isolates from two sheep and a goat in New South Wales.
Conclusion Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was a useful tool for strain typing of M paratuberculosis , and could be used to study the transmission of strains in Australia. 相似文献
Design Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was optimised for differentiation of M paratuberculosis strains, and this typing technique was then applied to a collection of Australian isolates.
Procedure DNAs from 35 Australian isolates of M para-tuberculosis and a UK reference strain were digested with one or other of three restriction endonucleases. The banding patterns obtained after pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments were compared.
Results The Australian isolates were divided into two groups on the basis of their DNA banding pattern. Both were different from the UK reference strain. Seven isolates from cattle in Victoria and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as five isolates from alpacas in Victoria and Western Australia. Another 20 isolates from cattle in Victoria, Western Australia and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as isolates from two sheep and a goat in New South Wales.
Conclusion Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was a useful tool for strain typing of M paratuberculosis , and could be used to study the transmission of strains in Australia. 相似文献
14.
Mycobacterium farcinogenes is the causal agent of bovine farcy, a chronic infectious disease of zebu cattle in some parts of tropical Africa. Whole
cell homologous antigen of M. farcinogenes was used in the standardization and evaluation of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of circulating
antibodies against bovine farcy using sera from confirmed bovine farcy and from bovine farcy-free cattle. The cut-off optical
density (OD) value was decided at 1.8 using filter 405nm after one hour of incubation at 37°C. Accordingly, 115 out of 124
(92.7%) serum samples from clinically proven bovine farcy cattle were reported sero-positive. Sera from cattle infected with
M. avium and M. paratuberculosis revealed OD value <1.8, indicating the differential diagnostic ability of M. farcinogenes antigen. Our test sensitivity was 92.7% and specificity was 97%, therefore could be routinely employed to support early clinical
diagnosis, epidemiological surveys and for screening animals before exportation to farcy-free regions. 相似文献
15.
Tetsuo KUNIEDA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(6):525-533
In the breeding of domestic animals, selection of economically desired traits has been the most important consideration for the improvement of animals, but excluding negative factors in animal production, such as causative genes for hereditary diseases, is also required for the genetic improvement of domestic animals. The incidence of various hereditary diseases has been reported in Japanese beef cattle and these diseases have caused serious problems in the breeding and raising of healthy beef cattle. This article reviews the identification of causative genes for the following three hereditary diseases in Japanese beef cattle: (i) Chediak–Higashi syndrome; (ii) renal tubular dysplasia; and (iii) bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism. Chediak–Higashi syndrome is a hereditary bleeding disorder reported in Japanese black cattle. To identify the cause of this disease, we cloned and sequenced the bovine LYST gene, which has been found to be involved in Chediak–Higashi syndrome in humans, and found that an amino acid substitution of histidine to arginine at amino acid residue 2015 is the causative mutation in the cattle disease. Renal tubular dysplasia is a hereditary disease of Japanese black cattle showing renal failure and growth retardation. We mapped the locus for this disease to the 4 cM region of bovine chromosome 1 by linkage analysis and found a large deletion in this region. The deleted region contained the PCLN1 gene encoding a tight‐junction protein of renal epithelial cells, and we concluded that deletion of the PCLN1 gene is responsible for the disease. Bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism is a hereditary disease of Japanese brown cattle, displayed by short limbs and joint abnormalities. We mapped the locus for the disease to a region of bovine chromosome 6 by linkage analysis. By constructing YAC and BAC contigs covering this region and sequence analysis, we identified a novel gene (LIMBIN), which plays an essential role in bone formation in this region, and found two mutations responsible for the disease. The identification of these mutations provided the basis for DNA‐based diagnostic systems for these three diseases, and after development of the diagnosis systems, the incidences of these hereditary diseases have dramatically decreased. 相似文献
16.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of hydatidosis and investigate factors that might be expected to influence the prevalence of hydatids in cattle in Queensland north of the Tropic of Capricorn. To determine the effect of natural levels of infection on carcase weight and subsequent economic loss. PROCEDURE: An abattoir survey conducted in 1981 provided information on the distribution, prevalence and viability of hydatid cysts in cattle from all shires north of the Tropic of Capricorn in Queensland. Livers, lungs and spleens from 10,382 cattle were palpated at abattoirs in Cairns, Townsville and Rockhampton to detect hydatid cysts. Prevalence of infection in cattle in each shire was estimated from results of the abattoir study together with reports of infection in a further 22,185 cattle obtained from abattoir records. Linear modelling was used to define the effect of geographical origin, age, breed and sex on prevalence of infection. Differences in the weights of carcases between infected and non-infected cattle of the same age, sex, breed and property of origin were examined. The economic loss to the beef industry in the region surveyed was estimated. RESULTS: Cattle infected with hydatids originated almost entirely from regions to the east of the Great Dividing Range. The mean prevalence inside this zone was 28% compared with 3% in other areas. Viable protoscoleces were found in 0.7% of cysts. Geographical origin and age of the cattle were the most significant factors influencing prevalence. Infection with hydatids had no effect on carcase weight. Economic loss was limited to that associated with condemnations of organs at meat inspection, estimated to be 0.5 million dollars per annum in 1981 and 6 million dollars in 2004. The distribution of hydatids in Queensland north of the Tropic of Capricorn corresponded most closely with the distribution of small wallabies such as Macropus dorsalis (black-striped wallaby), M parryi (whiptail wallaby) and M rufogriseus (red-necked wallaby). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that cattle are not an important part of maintaining the life-cycle of E granulosus in Queensland north of the Tropic of Capricorn. Within the endemic zone, which is almost all to the east of the Great Dividing Range, the local pattern of bovine echinococcosis is most likely to be determined by the presence or absence of small species of wallaby such as M dorsalis, M parryi and M rufogriseus. 相似文献
17.
CBPP reappeared in Arusha, Northern Tanzania in 1990, having been introduced from Kenya. The disease spread rapidly to Mara region through rustling of sick or infected animals. In November 1992, an unrelated outbreak occurred in Kagera, having spread from Southern Uganda. Up to the end of December 1994, the disease appeared to be confined to Kagera and Arusha. In January 1995, CBPP was observed in Morogoro region, south of the central railway line. Thereafter, the disease spread through western Tanzania. More recently, further disease has occurred in the Southern Highlands and Central regions. The contaminated area now stretches roughly between latitudes 1° and 9°S and longitudes 30° and 37°E, with a cattle population of about 10 million. The direct losses incurred as a result of animal mortality, and vaccination campaign and disease surveillance costs have been assessed at over US$11 million. Indirect losses resulting from chronic disease are much more difficult to assess but are believed to be even higher. Control of the disease has been through restricting animal movements and a mass vaccination campaign. Uncontrolled animal movement during transhumance, trade, cattle thefts and vaccination breakthroughs facilitated the spread of the disease. 相似文献
18.
A. Daryani M. Sharif A. Amouei M. Nasrolahei 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1701-1705
The aim of this study was to determine the fertility and viability of hydatid cysts in slaughtered sheep and cattle. Cysts
were collected from the liver and lungs of 169 sheep and 171 cattle infected with Echinococcus granulosus when slaughtered
in industrial abattoir in Sari, Iran, 2007–2008. Fertility was determined by the examination of cyst fluid for the presence
of protoscoleces. The viability of the protoscoleces was assessed by staining with 0.1% aqueous eosin solution. The fertility
rates of hepatic cyst of sheep and cattle were 47.1% and 1.4%, respectively and the fertility rates of pulmonary cyst of sheep
and cattle were 39.4% and 8.1%. In the sheep, the fertility of cysts in the liver was higher than that in lungs, but in the
cattle the fertility of cysts in lungs was higher than liver. The viability of protoscoleces of fertile cysts for sheep and
cattle were about 76.9% and 82.5%, respectively. Based on the finding in the present study, effort should be made to control
transmission of cystic echinococcosis by safe disposal of Echinococcus cysts such that dogs cannot have access to the cysts. 相似文献
19.
Kenya has the highest reported incidence of human hydatid disease in the world. Up to about 30% of cattle, 15% of goats and 13% of sheep harbour the infection. The causative agent of the disease in Kenya is Echinococcus granulosus and a complex strain picture of this parasite has been postulated to occur. The domestic dog is the main definitive host of E. granulosus in Kenya but infection in wild carnivores has also been reported. Hydatid cysts have also been found in wild herbivores. Although the domestic cycle has been shown to be the most important mode of transmission of the disease, a sylvatic cycle is also known to exist. The etiology of hydatid disease, the strain differentiation of E. granulosus found in Kenya, and the role that wildlife plays in the transmission cycle is reviewed. The current trends in the incidence of hydatid disease in man and livestock, and the efforts being made to control the disease are also discussed. 相似文献
20.
A.W.D. Lepper M.T. Carpenter † O.J. Williams † W.A. Scanlant † Denise R. McEwan† L.G. Andrews ‡ T.R. Thomas § L.A. Corner 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(6):251-256
SUMMARY: The sensitivity and specificity of 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg doses of bovine PPD tuberculin were compared in Northern Territory beef cattle from tuberculous herds and herds with a prevalence of tuberculosis of less than 0.1%. Reactions were interpreted subjectively by observation and palpation, and were also measured to the nearest mm with calipers at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after injection of tuberculin. All cattle were examined post mortem for the presence of macroscopic and microscopic tuberculous lesions. The apparent specificity of caudal fold tests with 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg doses was determined in cattle in Victoria from tuberculosis-free dairy and beef herds. Victorian cattle reacting to the caudal fold tests were subjected to a comparative intradermal test with 0.1 mg bovine PPD and 2,500 IU avian PPD not less than 42 days later.
Tests with the 0.2 mg dose achieved the highest level of sensitivity of 95.6% at 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, while in tests with 0.4 mg the maximum reached was 94.7% at 72 h. The specificity of tests in Northern Territory cattle ranged from 85.0% to 88.3% with the 0.2 mg dose and from 80.6% to 82.3% with the 0.4 mg dose. The highest specificity was achieved with both doses at 96 h. The apparent specificity of 0.2 and 0.4 mg doses of bovine PPD in tuberculosis-free herds in Victoria was high, a false-positive reactor rate of only 0.6% occurring with caudal fold tests. All false-positive reactions were shown to be non-specific or due to previous experimental sensitisation. 相似文献
Tests with the 0.2 mg dose achieved the highest level of sensitivity of 95.6% at 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, while in tests with 0.4 mg the maximum reached was 94.7% at 72 h. The specificity of tests in Northern Territory cattle ranged from 85.0% to 88.3% with the 0.2 mg dose and from 80.6% to 82.3% with the 0.4 mg dose. The highest specificity was achieved with both doses at 96 h. The apparent specificity of 0.2 and 0.4 mg doses of bovine PPD in tuberculosis-free herds in Victoria was high, a false-positive reactor rate of only 0.6% occurring with caudal fold tests. All false-positive reactions were shown to be non-specific or due to previous experimental sensitisation. 相似文献