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[目的]为研究安徽省内地方牛种的精液品质差异,[方法]试验对皖东牛、大别山牛、皖南牛3种种公牛的冬春季节所采集的精液质量进行分析与比较。[结果]结果表明:射精量方面,大别山牛射精量低于皖东牛和皖南牛,差异显著(P0.05);3种牛的精液颜色都为乳白色;精子活力方面,皖南牛的原精活力相对最高,其次是皖东牛,大别山牛最低,不同牛种间差异不显著(P0.05);皖东牛的冻精解冻后活率最低,与大别山牛和皖南牛差异显著(P0.05);皖南牛冻精解冻后精子直线运动的数量最高,与皖东牛和大别山牛差异显著(P0.05);精液细菌数方面,大别山牛的每剂冻精细菌数最高,与皖东牛和皖南牛差异显著(P0.05);畸形率方面,皖东牛的精子畸形率最低,与大别山牛和皖南牛差异显著(P0.05)。[结论]3种种公牛中,皖东牛与皖南牛的射精量高,皖东牛解冻后精子畸形率低,皖南牛与大别山牛解冻后精子活率高。 相似文献
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为了探究夏季高温时皖东牛与荷斯坦牛皮肤组织形态和皮肤散热调节特征的差异,在30℃以上的夏日,选择皖东牛和荷斯坦牛母牛各4头,屠宰后采集颈部、肩部、背部、腹部、臀部和腿部6个部位的皮肤样本,通过HE染色切片分析皮肤的汗腺(SWG)与皮脂腺(SEG)的分布与形态,测定皮肤组织乙酰胆碱(ACh)浓度及乙酰胆碱转移酶(AChT)和酯酶(AChE)活力,采用RT-qPCR和Western blot检测皮肤组织乙酰胆碱M3受体(ACh M3R)、一氧化氮合酶(eNOs)及水通道蛋白5(AQP5)mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:部位间比较,皖东牛与荷斯坦牛表皮厚度均为背部最厚,颈部最薄(P<0.05)。品种间比较,皖东牛平均皮肤厚度较高,平均表皮厚度较薄(P<0.05);汗腺密度与皮脂腺密度品种间无显著差异(P>0.05);皖东牛汗腺和皮脂腺的平均长度、直径、深度、体积均显著增加(P<0.05)。肩部、背部和臀部皮肤对比:夏季皖东牛和荷斯坦牛皮肤组织ACh浓度品种间无显著差异(P>0.05),部位间以臀部最高,肩部次之,背部最低(P<0.05)。ACh M3R和AQP... 相似文献
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[目的]为检验肉用型西门塔尔牛云南本地黄牛的改良效果.[方法]云南省种畜繁育推广中心肉牛纯繁场分别利用XM♂×本地西门塔尔高代杂交黄牛♀（Ⅰ组）;XM♀×AG♂（Ⅱ组）;AG♂×本地西门塔尔高代杂交黄牛♀（Ⅲ组）.[结果]在相同的饲养管理条件下,Ⅱ组初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄平均体重明显高于I组和Ⅲ组,工组结果明显高于Ⅲ组;6月龄、18月龄日增重Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组差异不显著,Ⅰ组12月龄、24月龄日增重明显高于和Ⅲ组,而Ⅱ组6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄日增重明显高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组.[结论]通过实验结果可以看出,肉用型西门塔尔牛与安格斯种公牛杂交效果优势明显,而肉用型西门塔尔种公牛与本地黄牛杂交效果又明显高于安格斯种公牛. 相似文献
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据笔者在石塘镇水产畜牧兽医站工作十余年,本文对石塘镇牛品改工作存在的问题及整改措施进行了分析,只有剖析与解决了制约牛品改工作发展的不利因素,才能促进石塘镇牛品改工作的顺利发展,提高广大养殖户的经济收入。 相似文献
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George MSALYA Takeshi SHIMOGIRI Shin OKAMOTO Kotaro KAWABE Mitsuru MINEZAWA Takao NAMIKAWA Yoshizane MAEDA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(5):520-527
Polymorphisms in the prion protein gene ( PRNP ) are known to be associated with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in human, sheep and goats. There is tentative association between PRNP promoter polymorphism and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) susceptibility in cattle. In this study, we genotyped for six bovine PRNP polymorphic sites including a 23-bp indel in the promoter, a 12-bp indel in the intron 1, two nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), octapeptide repeats in the coding region and a 14-bp indel in the 3'-untranslated region in 178 animals representing Japanese Brown, Kuchinoshima feral, Mishima, Japanese Shorthorn and Holstein. In 64 Japanese Brown cattle, three indel sites were polymorphic. All of the six sites were monomorphic in Kuchinoshima. The 23-bp and 12-bp indel sites were polymorphic in Mishima cattle. The 23-bp and 14-bp indel sites were polymorphic in Japanese Shorthorn cattle. Both SNP sites were monomorphic in all cattle examined in this study. At the 23-bp indel site, the genotype frequencies of Japanese Brown and Holstein breeds were similar to that of BSE affected cattle. We estimated 12 different haplotypes from these genotypic data. A '23-12-K6S14+' haplotype was the major haplotype in all populations, whose frequencies ranged from 0.50 to 1.00. 相似文献
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Hiroto Miura Takuya Hashimoto Yukiko Kawanishi Hiroki Kawauchi Ryo Inoue Noriaki Shoji Kunihiko Saito Mario Sekiya Yosuke Saito Jumpei Yasuda Chiemi Yonezawa Tetsushiro Endo Hirotaka Kasuya Yutaka Suzuki Yasuo Kobayashi Satoshi Koike 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13601
The rumen microbiota comprises a vast range of bacterial taxa, which may affect the production of high-quality meat in Japanese Black cattle. The aim of this study was to identify core rumen microbiota in rumen fluid samples collected from 74 Japanese Black cattle raised under different dietary conditions using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In the rumen of fattening Japanese Black cattle, 10 bacterial taxa, showing >1% average relative abundance and >95% prevalence, irrespective of the dietary conditions and the fattening periods, were identified as the core rumen bacterial taxa, which accounted for approximately 80% of the rumen microbiota in Japanese Black cattle. Additionally, population dynamics of the core rumen bacterial taxa revealed two distinct patterns: Prevotella spp. and unclassified Bacteroidales decreased in the mid-fattening period, whereas unclassified Clostridiales, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus spp., and unclassified Christensenellaceae increased during the same period. Therefore, the present study reports the wide distribution of the core rumen bacterial taxa in Japanese Black cattle, and the complementary nature of the population dynamics of these core taxa, which may ensure stable rumen fermentation during the fattening period. 相似文献
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Shinichi YONEKURA Akio OKA Masanobu NODA Norio UOZUMI Tomo YONEZAWA Kazuo KATOH Yoshiaki OBARA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(1):51-57
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between marbling and serum leptin concentrations. First, we compared serum leptin concentrations between Japanese Black cattle and Holstein calves, and found that the mean serum concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Japanese Black cattle (2.67 ± 0.41 ng/mL, n = 13) than in Holstein calves (1.79 ± 0.43 ng/mL, n = 5). We then examined the effects of roughage intake or vitamin A on the serum leptin concentrations in Japanese Black cattle. Although the leptin concentrations for the high roughage group were significantly higher than those for the low roughage group at 4, 7 and 20 months old, there was no significant difference in the carcass characteristics of the two groups. In addition, although there was a significant difference in the marbling score between the high vitamin A group and low vitamin A group, there was no significant difference in serum leptin concentrations between the groups. These results suggest that although serum leptin concentrations were not significantly correlated to the marbling scores they may be related to the genetic advantage for marbling in Japanese Black cattle. 相似文献
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Transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank to diagnose mid- to late-pregnancy in the dairy cow 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Objective To investigate the practical application and image quality of transcutaneous ultrasonography across the right flank for the diagnosis of mid- to late-gestation in cattle.
Procedure Dairy cows of known pregnancy status were used to establish criteria for the identification of mid- to late-stage pregnancy by transcutaneous ultrasonography. Factors involved in the practical application of transcutaneous ultrasound for routine use in pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle were also examined.
Results Transcutaneous ultrasound, using a 3.5-MHz sector transducer applied over the caudodorsal right flank fold, allowed rapid and detailed visualisation of bovine pregnancy (i.e. fetus, fetal fluids, placentomes and/or fetal membranes) and could be used to establish criteria for the diagnosis of pregnancy. The commonly available cattle holding facilities of the herringbone dairy, rotary herringbone dairy, AI race or crush, and walk-through dairy all allow safe access to the right flank of a dairy or beef cow. However, transcutaneous scanning over the right flank is difficult in modern rotary turnstile dairies.
Conclusion A 3.5-MHz sector transducer applied over the caudodorsal right flank fold allows detailed visualisation of the bovine fetus in most types of cattle-holding facilities. Further investigation of the sensitivity and specificity of this technique over the entire gestation period and its possible use in ageing of the bovine fetus is merited. 相似文献
Procedure Dairy cows of known pregnancy status were used to establish criteria for the identification of mid- to late-stage pregnancy by transcutaneous ultrasonography. Factors involved in the practical application of transcutaneous ultrasound for routine use in pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle were also examined.
Results Transcutaneous ultrasound, using a 3.5-MHz sector transducer applied over the caudodorsal right flank fold, allowed rapid and detailed visualisation of bovine pregnancy (i.e. fetus, fetal fluids, placentomes and/or fetal membranes) and could be used to establish criteria for the diagnosis of pregnancy. The commonly available cattle holding facilities of the herringbone dairy, rotary herringbone dairy, AI race or crush, and walk-through dairy all allow safe access to the right flank of a dairy or beef cow. However, transcutaneous scanning over the right flank is difficult in modern rotary turnstile dairies.
Conclusion A 3.5-MHz sector transducer applied over the caudodorsal right flank fold allows detailed visualisation of the bovine fetus in most types of cattle-holding facilities. Further investigation of the sensitivity and specificity of this technique over the entire gestation period and its possible use in ageing of the bovine fetus is merited. 相似文献
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我国肉牛产业发展的几个问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章阐述了我国养牛业发展从役用向肉用的转变历程,并根据国情和现存国家级种公牛站(45个)中的牛群品种结构状况,提出了培育我国肉牛品种的途径。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对３７９头青海黄牛血清淀粉酶的多态性进行了研究。结果发现：⑴青海黄牛存在ＡＭＹ１,ＡＭＹ２和ＡＭＹ３三种同工酶,但只有ＡＭＹ１同工酶存在多态性;⑵ＡＭＹ１同工酶受ＡＭＹ１＾Ｂ和ＡＭＹ１＾Ｃ一对共显性等位基因控制,两者的基因频率分别为０．５２７７和０．４７２３;⑶柴达木黄牛ＡＭＹ１同工酶的多态性特征与青海东部黄牛相同。 相似文献
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R.J. Pereira M.L. Santana Jr D.R. Ayres A.B. Bignardi G.R.O. Menezes L.O.C. Silva C.H.C. Machado L.A. Josahkian L.G. Albuquerque 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(6):523-533
The productivity of herds may be negatively affected by inbreeding depression, and it is important to know how intense is this effect on the livestock performance. We performed a comprehensive analysis involving five Zebu breeds reared in Brazil to estimate inbreeding depression in productive and reproductive traits. Inbreeding depression was estimated for 13 traits by including the individual inbreeding rate as a linear covariate in the standard genetic evaluation models. For all breeds and for almost all traits (no effect was observed on gestation length), the performance of the animals was compromised by an increase in inbreeding. The average inbreeding depression was ?0.222% and ?0.859% per 1% of inbreeding for linear regression coefficients scaled on the percentage of mean (βm) and standard deviation (βσ), respectively. The means for βm (and βσ) were ?0.269% (?1.202%) for weight/growth traits and ?0.174% (?0.546%) for reproductive traits. Hence, inbreeding depression is more pronounced in weight/growth traits than in reproductive traits. These findings highlight the need for the management of inbreeding in the respective breeding programmes of the breeds studied here. 相似文献
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Comparison of transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank with transrectal ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis in the dairy cow 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
JC Hunnam TJ Parkinson N Lopez-Villalobos S McDougall 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(8):318-322
Objective Evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of transrectal ultrasound and transcutaneous ultrasonography across the right flank between days 31 and 196 of pregnancy in the dairy cow.
Procedure Pregnancy status and stage of gestation at date of pregnancy diagnosis by transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonography were determined for 1570 dairy cattle. Sensitivity and specificity values and probabilities of a correct diagnosis for both techniques were determined and compared. Possible effects of gestational age, herd, method of transcutaneous ultrasound diagnosis, cow age, cow and bull breed, and calf sex on the determination of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status were evaluated for both techniques.
Results The overall sensitivity and probability of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status from days 31 to 196 of gestation were significantly higher when using transrectal ultrasound relative to transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank. However, the sensitivity of transcutaneous ultrasound changed over the course of pregnancy: it was low (7–8%) before day 84, increased to 89% between days 141 and 154, and was close to 100% thereafter. The specificity of both methods did not differ significantly. Herd and gestational age at date of pregnancy diagnosis were significantly associated with making a correct test result using transcutaneous ultrasound, although only the latter predictor was significantly associated with making a correct test result using transrectal ultrasound.
Conclusion Transcutaneous ultrasound can not be recommended as an accurate method for early pregnancy diagnosis in the dairy cow, particularly on a whole-herd basis. However, if pregnancy testing is undertaken in mid to late gestation, this technique could provide an accurate and rapid alternative to transrectal ultrasound or manual palpation per rectum. 相似文献
Procedure Pregnancy status and stage of gestation at date of pregnancy diagnosis by transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonography were determined for 1570 dairy cattle. Sensitivity and specificity values and probabilities of a correct diagnosis for both techniques were determined and compared. Possible effects of gestational age, herd, method of transcutaneous ultrasound diagnosis, cow age, cow and bull breed, and calf sex on the determination of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status were evaluated for both techniques.
Results The overall sensitivity and probability of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status from days 31 to 196 of gestation were significantly higher when using transrectal ultrasound relative to transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank. However, the sensitivity of transcutaneous ultrasound changed over the course of pregnancy: it was low (7–8%) before day 84, increased to 89% between days 141 and 154, and was close to 100% thereafter. The specificity of both methods did not differ significantly. Herd and gestational age at date of pregnancy diagnosis were significantly associated with making a correct test result using transcutaneous ultrasound, although only the latter predictor was significantly associated with making a correct test result using transrectal ultrasound.
Conclusion Transcutaneous ultrasound can not be recommended as an accurate method for early pregnancy diagnosis in the dairy cow, particularly on a whole-herd basis. However, if pregnancy testing is undertaken in mid to late gestation, this technique could provide an accurate and rapid alternative to transrectal ultrasound or manual palpation per rectum. 相似文献
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为了研究皮埃蒙特牛改良南阳牛遗传育种研究进展,本文综述了皮埃蒙特牛杂交改良南阳牛的历史进程,皮埃蒙特牛改良南阳牛杂交后代繁殖性能研究,皮埃蒙特牛改良南阳牛杂交后代肉用性能研究,并提出了产业化集群开发的合理化建议。 相似文献
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E Erregger MA Stevenson DS Beggs S Oswin SP Jagoe PD Mansell MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(9):417-423
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, found worldwide, affecting many species of animals. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of Leptospira borgpetersenii sv Hardjo and Leptospira interrogans sv Pomona in cattle in dairy herds in South-Western Victoria, Australia. Fifty-three herds were enrolled in the study. Urine samples were collected from 15 late-lactation cows in each herd. A questionnaire was provided to herd managers at the time of each herd visit, asking them to describe the methods they used for controlling leptospirosis, including vaccination. Urine samples were pooled at the herd level and tested for leptospira spp. using real time PCR. Urine samples from individual cows within the positive pooled samples were then tested for Leptospira Hardjo and Leptospira Pomona using qPCR. Four of the 53 herds showed positive leptospirosis results giving an apparent prevalence of 8 (95% CI 2–18) leptospira-positive herds per 100 herds at risk. Based on the 53 completed questionnaires, leptospirosis vaccination programs were not compliant with label directions in 36 of the 52 vaccinated herds: 69 (95% CI 55–81) of 100 herd managers that routinely vaccinated for leptospirosis did not comply with label directions. One herd was completely unvaccinated. Based on our findings, we estimate that approximately 10% of dairy farms in South-Western Victoria are likely to be infected with leptospirosis. While most herds are vaccinating for leptospirosis, most are not doing so according to label directions. We conclude that herd managers need to be better educated regarding leptospirosis vaccination programs. 相似文献
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为探讨热应激对科尔沁牛和科尔沁肉牛抗氧化功能的影响,选择体况相近、身体健康的母牛各20头,分别在热应激（夏季）和非应激（春季）对其进行了抗氧化指标比较。结果表明,在热应激状态下,科尔沁肉牛血清中的SOD、GSH含量差异显著高于科尔沁牛（P＜0.05）,T-AOC含量有比科尔沁牛有升高趋势,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）,MDA含量极显著低于科尔沁牛（P＜0.01）;在非应激期间科尔沁肉牛和科尔沁牛差异不显著（P＞0.05）;热应激下科尔沁牛和科尔沁肉牛血清中的SOD、GSH、T-AOC含量较非应激状态极显著降低（P＜0.01）,科尔沁牛的MDA含量较非应激状态极显著升高（P＜0.01）,科尔沁肉牛的MDA含量较非应激状态显著升高（P＜0.05）。生理指标中热应激期间科尔沁牛的直肠温度显著高于科尔沁肉牛（P＜0.05）,而呼吸频率无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上表明,在热应激状态下科尔沁肉牛比科尔沁牛的抗氧化能力更强,耐热应激能力强于科尔沁牛,更能较好地适应高热环境。 相似文献