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1.
氨基酸在鱼类养殖中的作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
论述了在鱼类养殖中使用氨基酸的特点如种类、氨基酸的平衡、互补作用、限制性氨基酸的应用、鱼类对必需氨基酸的需要量 ,氨基酸在鱼类养殖业的作用以及鱼用氨基酸的生产、使用 相似文献
2.
本文论述了在鱼类养殖中使用氨基酸的特点，如种类、氨基酸的平衡、互补作用、限制性氨基酸的应用、鱼类对必需氨基酸的需要量。氨基酸在鱼类养殖业的作用。以及鱼用氨基酸的生产、使用。 相似文献
3.
游离氨基酸在鱼饲料中的应用效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在鱼饲料中添加游离氨基酸的效果报道不一,笔者认为这主要是由于对鱼类氨基酸营养认识不足、盲目添加所致;当然关于鱼类氨基酸营养理论也有待进一步探讨和完善。本文在列举大量试验材料的基础上,特别强调了在使用氨基酸类添加剂时须注意的几个问题。 相似文献
4.
鱼类对氨基酸的吸收代谢与需求 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在各种营养素中，外源氨基酸具有重要的生理功能。一方面它是构成鱼类组织和器官的基本材料，以蛋白质的形式保存在体内；另一方面也参与机体维持，包括参与蛋白周转、形成重要的能源物质或转化成核酸等重要含氮化合物。鱼类对饵料中蛋白质的利用率与鱼类对氨基酸的吸收能力和代谢状况直接相关。在鱼类体内，氨基酸的吸收与代谢过程中都可能存在氨基酸间的相互拮抗作用，此外氨基酸之间还存在复杂的相互转化作用。同时，饵料中的氮基酸也会影响鱼类对氨基酸的吸收与代谢。通过鱼类对氨基酸的吸收及代谢过程来探讨鱼类对氨基酸的需求特点。 相似文献
5.
天然滁州鲫氨基酸成分分析与营养价值评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用生化分析方法对滁州鲫鱼中氨基酸成分进行了定量分析,并对氨基酸含量进行营养分析评价。结果显示：滁州鲫鱼中氨基酸总量为86.35%（占干重）,其中8种必需氨基酸和2种半必需氨基酸总量为36.76%,4种呈味氨基酸含量为29.29%,必须氨基酸总量和呈味氨基酸含量均高于草鱼、鲢、鳙鱼等鱼类。表明滁州鲫较之其他鱼类是一种营养价值高,肉质鲜美的鱼类。 相似文献
6.
通过对鱼类生长的研究或C~(14)同位素示踪研究已测定出一些鱼类所需的各种氨基酸。这些研究大部分是通过投喂含晶体氨基酸的精制饲料和根据饲料中缺乏某种氨基酸的生长特性曲线来测定每种必需氨基酸,本文综述一些鱼类对10种氨基酸的需求量。 相似文献
7.
8.
氨基酸对鲫鱼、泥鳅诱食活性的观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
１引言鱼类具有灵敏的嗅觉与味觉，海、淡水鱼的味觉器官对于氨基酸都具有较强烈的感受性，挥发性弱的氨基酸亦能刺激鱼的嗅觉感受器。１９２４年strieck第一个进行了鱼类摄食行为试验。近年来的研究结果证明，鱼类的摄饵引诱物中，其活性成份主要是氨基酸。因鱼类的不同，氨基酸引诱作用的强弱将因种类和浓度的不同而不同，Ala、Arg、Gly、Pro是对较多鱼类有效应的。伊奈和夫对真鲷的试验中发现，只有Gly、L－Val、L－Ala等３种氨基酸混合存在时，饵料才能显示活性。宋天复（１９８９）报导质量浓度２％的Ala．Val．Glu和盐酸甜菜碱对… 相似文献
9.
青鱼饲料添加组氨酸的试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
鱼类对蛋白质的营养需要,实质是对氨基酸的需要,有关鱼类对氨基酸的数量及平衡的报道较多。但关于青鱼对游离氨基酸利用的研究不多,一般认为,鱼类对饲料中氨基酸和添加的游离氨基酸存在着吸收的不同步的现象,同时还影响别的必需氨基酸吸收的同步化,使氨基酸得不到平衡互补,从而影响游离氨基酸的结合率以至整个饲料蛋白质的利用。有的试验表明:添加游离氨基酸能 相似文献
10.
<正> 目前,真鲷Chrysophrys major养殖饵料正在使用鲜饵或以鱼粉为主的配合饵料。作者为了研究在鱼类配合饵料中利用植物性蛋白质的问题,对天然饵料中所含有的诱导真鲷摄饵的物质进行了研究。在这些研究中,搞清了对于真鲷摄饵有较强绣导作用的氨基酸有甘氨酸、L—丙氨酸、L—缬氨酸、L—a—酪氨酸等。进一步阐明了由于这些氨基酸的相互作用,结果其活性变得更强。本文在详细寻求含有这些大量诱导物质的时候,发现鱼类内脏自身消化物中含有这些物质,并且试制了将鱼类内脏自身消化物和植物性蛋白质相组合的配合饵料。 相似文献
11.
R. Robles A. B. Lozano A. Sevilla L. Márquez W. Nuez-Ortín F. J. Moyano 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(6):1567-1580
Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid extensively used in animal nutrition since it promotes increases in body weight and other multiple beneficial effects on the intestinal tract. Although such effects have been demonstrated in several species, very few studies have assessed them in fish. On the other hand, little is known about the metabolic processes underlying these effects. In the present work, growth parameters and changes in more than 80 intestinal metabolites (nucleotides, amino acids and derivatives, glycolytic intermediates, redox coenzymes and lipid metabolism coenzymes) have been quantified in juvenile sea bream fed a butyrate-supplemented diet. Results showed a significant increase in the weight of fish receiving butyrate, while metabolomics provided some clues on the suggested effects of this feed additive. It seems that butyrate increased the availability of several essential amino acids and nucleotide derivatives. Also, the energy provision for enteric cells might have been enhanced by a decrease in glucose and amino acid oxidation related to the use of butyrate as fuel. Additionally, butyrate might have increased transmethylation activity. This work represents an advance in the knowledge of the metabolic consequences of using butyrate as an additive in fish diets. 相似文献
12.
由于水电梯级开发和过度捕捞等人类活动影响,长江上游珍稀特有鱼类圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）资源量显著下降。增殖放流是保护该物种的有效途径之一,而人工繁育过程中为圆口铜鱼提供营养全面的饲料对其性腺发育至关重要。通过分析比较不同年龄和性腺发育阶段的圆口铜鱼肌肉营养成分、肌肉和性腺氨基酸组成,可为其人工饲料的开发提供基础数据。结果显示：(1)随着年龄的增长,圆口铜鱼肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量均呈先降低、后增加的趋势;(2)性腺从II 期到IV 期的发育过程中,圆口铜鱼肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量均升高;(3)性腺中谷氨酸和亮氨酸在所有氨基酸中的占比较高,分别为9.82%和6.74%,其中10 种氨基酸的含量、必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量均显著低于肌肉组织中的含（P<0.05）,而每100 g 蛋白质中脯氨酸（3.19±0.22）g 和丝氨酸（3.56±0.27）g 含量显著高于肌肉组织中的含（P<0.05）。研究表明,圆口铜鱼肌肉营养成分、氨基酸组成与其年龄和发育期有着密切联系。随着性腺发育,其肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量呈增加趋势,谷氨酸、亮氨酸和脯氨酸在圆口铜鱼性腺发育过程中可能起关键作用。 相似文献
13.
为了筛选细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)的氨基酸类诱食剂,通过Y型迷宫实验研究了细鳞鲑幼鱼对不同浓度谷氨酸(glutamic acid)刺激液的行为趋向及反应阈值。依据行为反应评分和偏好度分析结果,细鳞鲑幼鱼对1×10^-5、1×10^-6、1×10^-7、1×10^-8、1×10^-9 mol·L^-1的谷氨酸刺激液的相对偏好度分别为0.396、0.436、0.381、3.801、1.142,表明细鳞鲑幼鱼对1×10^-5、1×10^-6、1×10^-7 mol·L^-1谷氨酸有负趋向反应,对1×10^-8、1×10^-9 mol·L^-1谷氨酸有正趋向性,其中对1×10^-8 mol·L^-1谷氨酸的趋向性与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05),其嗅觉行为趋向的反应阈值为0.7×10^-8 mol·L^-1。结果表明,谷氨酸可作为细鳞鲑潜在的氨基酸类诱食剂。 相似文献
14.
B. GLENCROSS 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2006,12(4):291-309
Barramundi nutrition research has been undertaken since the 1980s. From that time to the present, the requirements for most nutrients, energy demand, ingredient utilization and the effects of nutrition on flesh quality aspects have all been examined to varying extents. Optimal protein content of diets has been shown to vary with diet energy density and also the size of fish that are being fed. Most studies have suggested a protein requirement from 450 to 550 g kg?1. For small fish, a protein to energy ratio of 25 to 30 g MJ?1 is suggested. Limited work has been carried out on fish larger than 500 g. The 10 essential amino acids for other fish are also considered to be required by barramundi. Proportional requirements have been identified for methionine, lysine and arginine. Protein utilization efficiency by barramundi has been estimated at 46% efficiency. Iteratively determined protein and amino acid requirements suggest that the requirement for protein and amino acids will decrease with increasing fish size and are largely consistent with empirically determined requirements. Lipid requirements for energy and essential fatty acids (EFAs) show that smaller fish performed the best with a dietary lipid level of 140–160 g kg?1, while growth of larger fish continued to improve with lipid levels up to 190 g kg?1, although no higher levels were examined. EFA requirements have been identified for long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids and minimum levels of 10 g kg?1 have been indicated. An optimal ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acids of 1.5 to 1.8:1 was also suggested. Barramundi have shown limited capacity to utilize dietary carbohydrates for energy, with starch digestibilities below 30% at even low inclusion levels. Barramundi also exhibit limited glycaemic control, being unable to rapidly reduce blood glucose levels. Requirements have been demonstrated for several key vitamins and quantitative requirements determined for varying forms of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Quantitative requirements have also been established for pyridoxine and pantothenic acid but only qualitative assessments for other key vitamins. Few mineral requirements have been identified. Phosphorus is the only mineral to be studied and a requirement between 5.5 and 6.5 g kg?1 is suggested. Energy demands of barramundi have been shown to be largely driven by thermodynamic demands on metabolic requirements and the demand for somatic energy deposition. Energy utilization by barramundi has been estimated as 68% efficient. Energy demands for maintenance are shown to be related to liveweight by an exponent of about 0.8. Variations in temperature are shown to vary the maintenance energy requirement but do not affect the efficiency of energy utilization. Feed management through feed specification selection has been shown to be possible through selection of feed protein and energy content based on the fish's change in somatic energy density. Typically, this leads to the use of lower protein and higher energy density feeds with larger fish. Ration allocation based on changes in fish size and temperatures has been studied from both iterative and empirical perspectives, and tables were developed based on these findings. Several key feed ingredients have been evaluated for their digestibility, palatability and energy and nutrient utilization. Among those ingredients were meat meals, lupin kernel meals, soybean meals and some plant oils. Limited effects of feed ingredients on flesh quality have been noted, although some effects of diet nutrient and energy specifications have been noted. 相似文献
15.
黑鲷幼鱼饲料蛋白源氨基酸平衡的研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
以黑鲷幼鱼肌肉的氨基酸组成作为幼鱼饲料中必需氨基酸需要量的标准模式,通过必须氨基酸指数（ＥＡＡＩ）和生物饲养试验结果相结合,对黑钱财幼鱼的９种不同蛋白源酸比的饲料进行了比较研究,对黑钱财幼鱼配合饲料中氨基酸平衡和蛋白质营养价值进行了评估,筛选出个高效饲料蛋白源配方;表明ＥＡＡＩ是鱼用饲料蛋白质营养价值评估和氨基酸平衡研究的一种简便有效的评价指标。 相似文献
16.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):179-204
ABSTRACT Definition of breeding goals for sustainable fish production is considered, with emphasis on non-market (e.g., ethical) as well as market values. The need for long-term biologically, ecologically, and sociologically sound breeding goals is emphasized, because animal breeding determined only by short-term market forces has lead to unwanted side effects. Farmed fish is at an early stage of domestication and breeding, but rapid selection responses for growth have already been documented for several species. Reports of selection responses for fish and shellfish in both temperate and tropical environments are reviewed. Growth-rate responses of 4-20% have been obtained per generation. Broad breeding goals, including health and functional traits, in addition to production traits, are required. More basic knowledge of, e.g., animal welfare and behavioral disorders of fish is also needed. Less than 1% of the aquaculture fish material in 1993 originated from selection programs. For most species under improvement, only one or very few programs are running, and the effective population sizes are often limited. Such populations may however easily gain sufficient advantage above non-improved populations to capture much of the market. This will also discourage further genetic introductions into the breeding nucleus. Long-term inbreeding and loss of genetic variability because of genetic drift may then affect performance and further genetic progress. A sufficiently large and genetically diverse breeding population with appropriate family structure is therefore fundamental when establishing and running a selection program. Important prerequisites for breeding programs for sustainable production are appropriate governmental policies and awareness of our way of thinking about aquaculture, nature and society. A more communal worldview informed by a subjective epistemology (how we learn about/ analyze nature) and a holistic ontology (belief about what/how nature is) is also required. 相似文献
17.
. Shah Alam Shin-ichi Teshima Dedy Yaniharto Shunsuke Koshio Manabu Ishikawa 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2002,210(1-4):359-369
A feeding trial using five semi-purified diets (50% crude protein) was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary amino acid patterns on growth and body composition of juvenile Japanese flounder. The control diet contained casein and gelatin as intact protein sources and four other diets contained 30% casein–gelatin (2:1, w/w) and 20% crystalline amino acids (CAA). CAA were added to the diets to simulate the amino acid pattern found in red sea bream egg protein (REP), Japanese flounder larvae whole body protein (FLP), Japanese flounder juvenile whole body protein (FJP), and brown fish meal protein (BFP), respectively. The test diets were fed to triplicate groups of juveniles (2.75±0.05 g) twice a day for 40 days to evaluate weight gain, survival, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and apparent protein utilization (APU). The apparent retention of total dietary amino acids in the whole body and A/E ratios of the whole body were also evaluated. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed the diet containing the dietary amino acid pattern of BFP followed by fish fed the control, FJP, FLP and the REP diets. Percent survival, FCE, PER and APU were also significantly (P<0.05) affected by the amino acid pattern in the diets, indicating the highest value in fish fed the BFP diet. Except for a few amino acids, the amino acid composition of the whole body did not show marked differences with different dietary amino acid pattern. Results suggest that BFP could be more suitable as a reference amino acid pattern in the diet of juvenile Japanese flounder compared to the amino acid pattern of FLP, FJP or REP. 相似文献
18.
An 11-ketotestosterone induced kidney-secreted protein: the nest building glue from male three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
In male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, the kidney hypertrophies during the breeding season and produces a glue which is used in nest-building. This hypertrophy is androgen dependent with 11-ketotestosterone (11 KT) being most effective. The aim of the present study was to characterize the protein composition of this glue. Threads of glue were collected from stickleback nests and glue material was sampled from the content of urinary bladders of male sticklebacks in breeding condition. The samples were investigated using sodium dodecyl sulphate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). One major glycoprotein dominated in both the nest-threads and urinary bladder samples. The identified glycoprotein had a molecular mass of approximately 203 kDa. After deglycosylation the molecular mass was approximately 200 kDa. The amino acid composition of the protein from urinary bladder content was almost identical to the amino acid composition of the protein from the nest-threads. The protein had a relatively high content of cysteine (7.6–8.0%). The glycoprotein was named spiggin. Spiggin was absent in the urinary bladder of untreated castrated fish, but spiggin was present in sham- operated fish and in castrated fish treated with 11 KT. These results demonstrate that spiggin is induced by 11 KT. Spiggin is so far the only protein known to be induced by 11KT and based on the present findings we suggest that spiggin represents a novel structural protein. 相似文献
19.
选择投放产卵器和自然人工生态育苗两种方式进行大弹涂鱼（Boleophthalmus pectinirostris）人工育苗试验,通过清除敌害、调控水位、分批出苗的方法人工培育大弹涂鱼。结果显示,底质较硬的养殖池,投放产卵器可以获得受精卵,而长期用于大弹涂鱼养殖的土质较软的泥滩地,亲鱼则更倾向于直接钻洞产卵孵化;证明大弹涂鱼在池塘养殖条件下能够自然繁殖。 相似文献
20.
Edwin H. Robinson William E. Poe Robert P. Wilson 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,37(1):51-62
A series of studies was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding diets imbalanced with respect to branched-chain amino acids on channel catfish. Basal diets contained casein and gelatin supplemented with crystalline L-amino acids to correspond to the amino acid pattern found in 24% whole egg protein except for the branched-chain amino acids. Basal diets were formulated to be deficient in either leucine, isoleucine, or valine. Excess levels of either leucine, isoleucine, or valine were added to the appropriate basal diet. Growth and feed efficiency data demonstrate that excess leucine depressed growth of fish fed diets deficient in isoleucine or valine, but not in diets adequate in branched-chain amino acids. The deleterious effects of excess leucine could be reversed by supplementation with the deficient amino acid, but not by the other branched-chain amino acid. Growth was also depressed in fish fed excess isoleucine but not valine in leucine-deficient diets. Serum levels of isoleucine and valine suggest that leucine may control the tissue uptake of these amino acids in the channel catfish. 相似文献