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本文从体成分的角度研究了褪黑激素对内蒙古白绒山羊营养分配的影响,研究结果显示光照时间和埋植褪黑激素显著影响绒山羊的有关激素水平,进而影响体成分组成。随着光照时间的缩短,绒山羊的体脂肪含量增加,体蛋白含量减少;光照相同条件下,埋植褪黑激素组的体脂肪含量高于不埋植组,体蛋白含量低于不埋植组,短光照和埋植褪黑激素之间有显著(P<0.01)的互作效应。证明了光照和褪黑激素在动物营养分配中的作用,为褪黑激素在生产实践中的合理应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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褪黑激素对非生绒期内蒙古白绒山羊体成分的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
作者从体成分的角度研究了褪黑激素对内蒙古白绒山羊体成分的影响,绒山羊在非生绒期埋植褪黑激素,除了促进长绒外,对体成分也有较大影响.试验结果表明,埋植褪黑激素可以显著增加绒山羊的体脂肪含量,达到24.1%,比不埋植组增加8.31%;而体蛋白质、体水分和体灰分含量均显著减少,分别为12.99%、55.96%和3.25%,分别减少2.02%、8.02%和0.5%(P＜0.05).进一步证明了褪黑激素在动物营养分配中的作用,为褪黑激素在生产实践中的合理应用提供理论依据. 相似文献
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研究旨在探讨非生绒期控制光照和埋植褪黑激素对藏西北绒山羊增绒效果的影响,为藏西北绒山羊非产绒期选择一种有效的增绒技术。选择体重和产绒量基本一致、年龄2~3岁的藏西北绒山羊母羊60只,随机分为3组,试验为期1年。结果表明:控制光照组产绒量最高,显著高于对照组36.3%(P0.01),但与皮下埋植褪黑激素组无差异(P0.05);皮下埋植褪黑激素组羊绒长度极显著提高(P0.01),但与控制光照组无差异(P0.05);在羊绒细度指标上,各组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。表明皮下埋植褪黑激素是藏西北绒山羊生产上方便有效的增绒技术。 相似文献
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光照和褪黑激素对非生绒期绒山羊激素分泌和绒毛生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究光照和褪黑激素对绒山羊激素分泌和绒毛生长的影响。作者采用随机试验区组的方法,把36只绒山羊平均分成3组,分别进行长光照、短光照和自然光照处理,每组当中一半埋植褪黑素,分别检测血液激素水平和绒毛生长状况。结果表明,光照时间和埋植褪黑素显著影响绒山羊体内的激素分泌,长光照抑制褪黑素的分泌,短光照促进褪黑素的分泌,埋植褪黑素组的血浆褪黑素水平显著高于不埋植组。光照和褪黑素显著影响PRL、IGFI的分泌类型,并与绒山羊的绒毛生长有关,短光照或褪黑激素处理各组绒毛平均增加338.83 g;新生羊绒的长度、细度、强度等品质指标均符合纺织工业标准的要求。 相似文献
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光照和埋植褪黑激素对绒山羊相关激素分泌的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究光照和褪黑激素对绒山羊内分泌的影响。本文采用随机区组试验的方法,把36只绒山羊平均分成3组,分别进行长光照(16L:8D)、自然光照(12.37hL)和短光照(8L:16D)处理,每种光照下一半埋植动物褪黑素,分别检测血液激素水平。结果表明:光照类型对绒山羊的激素分泌有显著的影响,长光照对催乳素(PRL)、类胰岛素促生长因子I(IGF-I)有促进作用,对褪黑素(MT)、胰岛素(INS)有抑制作用;短光照对催乳素(PRL)、IGF-I有抑制作用,对MT、INS有促进作用。埋植褪黑素后,在各种光照条件下对PRL、IGF-I均有抑制作用;INS在短光照+MT组降低,在自然光照+MT和长光照+MT组升高。这些都表明,几种激素在一天之内随着时间(光照)的变化而呈现不同程度的波动变化。 相似文献
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为研究非长绒期埋植外源褪黑激素对不同年龄内蒙古绒山羊产绒性能的影响,本试验选择2～6岁能繁母羊150只,每个年龄段根据产绒量和体重将母羊随机分为对照组和试验组,试验组于2014年4月30日和6月30日埋植2 mg/kg BW褪黑激素于耳部皮下。自埋植开始至试验结束(2015年4月底抓绒),逐月观察山羊绒生长情况,并于抓绒时采集绒样,分析埋植对山羊绒生长的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组所有年龄段山羊绒产量和绒长度均显著提高,绒细度显著降低(P<0.05),其中5岁埋植组山羊的产绒量提高幅度和细度下降幅度最大,分别达到28.75%、4.94%,6岁埋植组山羊绒长度增加幅度最大,为29.27%。综上,不同年龄内蒙古绒山羊埋植外源褪黑激素均有促进山羊绒生长和提高产量作用,但不同年龄绒山羊增产效果不一致,并且褪黑激素对于提高内蒙古绒山羊后期的生产力作用更大。 相似文献
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埋植和饲喂褪黑激素对常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊生产性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验旨在研究常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊慢速长绒期施用褪黑激素对机体生长及山羊绒生产的影响,并对褪黑激素埋植和饲喂2种施用方式进行比较。选用体况良好、体重相近、上一年产绒量基本一致的3周岁常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊母羊18只,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、3月和5月埋植组(2 mg/kg BW)和3—7月饲喂组(3 mg/d)。试验羊采用舍饲的饲养方式。试验从3月20日开始,7月20日结束,试验期共121 d。结果表明:施用褪黑激素显著提高了山羊绒长度和生长速率(P0.05),且埋植组显著高于饲喂组(P0.05),而对山羊绒细度没有影响(P0.05);试验羊结束体重和日增重各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊慢速长绒期施用褪黑激素可能是一种提高山羊绒生产的有效方法,且埋植比饲喂的效果更好。 相似文献
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藏西北绒山羊养殖作为西藏自治区牧民的主要经济来源,通过优化产业升级促进牧民的养殖效益至关重要。对藏西北绒山羊通过光控和褪黑激素埋植处理,进一步研究光照对于绒山羊体重生长、绒纤维长度以及机体血清褪黑激素浓度的影响,以期为光控增绒技术在西藏牧区示范推广提供数据支持和参考依据。试验结果表明:光控和埋植激素不能显著的影响机体的日增重变化(P0.05),但能够显著的影响藏西北绒山羊绒毛的纤维长度和生长速度(P0.05),另外光控和埋植激素能够提高绒山羊血清中的褪黑激素水平,从而影响机体的绒毛生长性能。综上在藏西北绒山羊养殖产业推广中通过光控和埋植激素能够有效的提高藏西北绒山羊的养殖经济效益。 相似文献
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光照对非生绒期内蒙古白绒山羊体成分的影响及其应用调控措施 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从体成分的角度研究了光照对内蒙古白绒山羊营养分配的影响。结果表明,光照对体成分有较大影响,随着光照时间的减少,体内干物质的含量增加,体脂肪含量增加。长光照、自然光照和短光照条件下绒山羊的体脂肪含量占干物质的比例分别为41.43%±0.41%、44.43%±0.16%和53.90%±1.70%,而体蛋白、体水分和体灰分含量则随着光照时间的缩短而减少,绒山羊血液中与营养分配有关的激素也发生较大的变化。研究证明光照在绒山羊营养分配中的调节作用,为其在生产实践中的合理应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
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The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data. 相似文献
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Rectal swabs were collected from 437 household and 491 stray dogs in northern Taiwan from May 2003 to June 2005 to investigate
the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonellae and campylobacters. The results revealed that 2.1% of household
dogs and 6.3% of stray dogs were positive for salmonellae, with Salmonella Duesseldorf being the most dominant serotype in both. Additionally, 2.7% of the household dogs and 23.8% of the stray dogs
were positive for campylobacters. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species (86.8%), followed by C. upsaliensis (9.3%) and C. coli (3.9%). Both salmonella and campylobacter isolation rates from the stray dogs were significantly higher than those from the
household dogs (p < 0.01). The susceptibility of 33 C. jejuni isolates to eight antimicrobials was studied by the E-test. A high rate of resistance was observed to azithromycin (93.9%), clindamycin (87.9%), erythromycin (81.8%), tetracycline
(78.8%), chloramphenicol (69.7%), nalidixic acid (51.5%), gentamicin (33.3%), and ciprofloxacin (18.2%). The susceptibility
of 40 Salmonella isolates to 15 antimicrobials was also studied by the disc-diffusion method. All the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance was observed most frequently to tetracycline (77.5%),
chloramphenicol (52.5%), and ampicillin (50%). 相似文献
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Tsai YL Chomel BB Chang CC Kass PH Conrad PA Chuang ST 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(2):179-187
Bartonella and Babesia infections and the association with cattle breed and age as well as tick species infesting selected cattle herds in Taiwan were investigated. Blood samples were collected from 518 dairy cows and 59 beef cattle on 14 farms and 415 ticks were collected from these animals or in a field. Bartonella and Babesia species were isolated and/or detected in the cattle blood samples and from a selected subset (n = 254) of the ticks either by culture or DNA extraction, PCR testing and DNA sequence analysis. Bartonella bovis was isolated from a dairy cow and was detected in 25 (42.4%) beef cattle and 40 (15.7%) tick DNA samples. This is the first isolation of B. bovis from cattle in Asia and detection of a wide variety of Bartonella species in Rhipicephalus microplus. Babesia spp. were detected only on one farm from dairy cows either infected by Babesia bovis (n = 10, 1.9%) or B. bigemina (n = 3, 0.6%). 相似文献
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Campos SG Cavaglieri LR Fernández Juri MG Dalcero AM Krüger C Keller LA Magnoli CE Rosa CA 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):377-383
Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food. 相似文献
19.
Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed. 相似文献
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Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. R. KILROY W. F. HALL D. P. BANE R. F. BEVILL G. D. KORITZ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):49-58
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97). 相似文献