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1.
Factor XI deficiency was detected in Holstein cows and mummified foetuses in Japan; however, no report is available about the occurrence of Factor XI deficiency in Holstein semen in Japan. Five hundred cows in twelve dairy farms in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan were under the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the cows using a commercial DNA kits and screened to Factor XI mutation. Based on the information of the carrier cows found in the cattle population, four Holstein bulls were analysed for Factor XI mutation. DNA was extracted from bull's semen using phenol chloroform method. Extracted genomic DNA of the bull's semen was typed for Factor XI using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. The resultant PCR was sequenced using big dye terminator sequencing method. The pedigree of the bulls was investigated. Furthermore, the inheritance of Factor XI mutation to next generation was estimated. Out of the 500 cows, five were heterozygous to Factor XI. Moreover, out of the four bulls, one was found to carry the mutation of Factor XI; it was also a complex vertebral malformation (CVM) carrier. In DNA sequencing, the insertion mutation of 76 bp of poly-adenine that characterizes the Factor XI deficiency was detected in the carrier bull as well as the carrier cows. Pedigree analysis of the carrier bull revealed that his father and mother ID were 2247419A and 14189172A, respectively, that originated from USA Holstein. Out of six daughter cows born to the carrier bull, one cow (16.6%) inherited Factor XI mutation, while three of them (50.0%) inherited CVM mutation. Autosomal recessive genes that affect cow's reproduction have a particular concern to dairy industry. To our knowledge this is the first report of Factor XI mutation in Holstein semen in Japan. 相似文献
2.
Hasan Meydan Mehmet A Yildiz Fulya ?zdil Yasemin Gedik Ceyhan ?zbeyaz 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):5
Background
Factor XI (FXI) is a plasma protein that participates in the formation of blood clots. Factor XI deficiency is autosomal recessive hereditary disorder that may be associated with excess bleeding in Holstein cattle.Methods
In this study, 225 Holstein cows reared in Turkey were screened in order to identify FXI genotypes. DNA extractions were obtained from the fresh blood of the cows. Amplicons of FXI exon 12 were obtained by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide. Additionally, all cows were confirmed by DNA sequencing to determine whether or not there was a mutant allele.Results
Carriers of the FXI deficiency have two DNA fragments of 320 bp and 244 bp in size. The results of our study demonstrated that only four out of the 225 Holstein cows tested in Turkey carried the FXI deficiency. The frequency of the mutant FXI allele and the prevalence of heterozygous cows were found as 0.9% and 1.8%, respectively.Conclusion
The DNA-based test determines all genotypes, regardless of phenotype or FXI activity. The mutation responsible for the FXI deficiency had not been detected in Holstein cattle in Turkey before prior to this study. The frequency of the mutant FXI allele needs to be confirmed by carrying out further analyses on cattle in Turkey and the selection programs should be developed to eliminate this genetic disorder. 相似文献3.
4.
Ghanem ME Nishibori M Nakao T Moriyoshi M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(3):347-352
Genomic DNA extracted from bovine mummified tissue is valuable material for detection of some genes that may contribute to fetal abnormalities. In this study bovine genomic DNA was extracted from the hardened tissue samples of ten bovine mummified fetuses. The amount of genomic DNA extracted from 2 g of the mummified tissues by the phenol/chloroform-ethanol method was low (less than 4 microg/ml) for all samples. The extracted DNA was then amplified by the GenomiPhi DNA amplification system. After amplification, the amount of DNA was increased to more than 100 microg/ml for all samples. This amplification system was shown to be a good tool for amplifying the genomic DNA of the mummified fetuses. The amplified genomic DNA was used for testing the mummies for Factor XI gene deficiency, an autosomal recessive deficiency involved in the early stages of the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway. Exon 12 of the Factor XI gene of the mummies was amplified by PCR. Two of the ten mummified fetuses were heterozygous for the Factor XI gene as indicated by the presence of two amplified DNA fragments of 320 bp and 244 bp. Factor XI deficiency has already been described in Holstein cattle. However, no report is available for bovine fetus. In this study, DNA was extracted and amplified from the bovine mummified fetuses, and the samples were successfully tested for Factor XI gene deficiency in the mummies. 相似文献
5.
Seiji KATAGIRI Masaharu MORIYOSHI Yoshiyuki TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(6):575-579
A high incidence (about 70%) of alteration in endometrial epidermal growth factor
(EGF) profile, i.e., loss of 2 peaks on days 2–4 and 13–14, has been linked to a
reduced fertility in multiparous repeat breeder Holstein cows. However, the EGF
profile in Holstein heifers and other breeds (types) of cattle has not been
investigated. In study 1, EGF concentrations were determined using endometrial
tissues obtained by biopsy on days 3, 7 and 14 from 84 fertile Holstein heifers to
obtain a normal range and 53 repeat breeder Holstein heifers to estimate incidence of
alterations in the EGF profile. In repeat breeder heifers, EGF concentrations were
similar to fertile controls on 3 days and five animals (9.4%) had an altered EGF
profile with EGF concentrations below the normal range on days 3 and 14. In study 2,
EGF concentrations on day 3 were repeatedly examined from the nulliparous period to
the third postpartum period in 28 Holstein (dairy) and 47 Japanese Black (beef)
cattle. The effect of parity on EGF concentrations on day 3 was different between
Holstein and Japanese Black cattle. In Japanese Black cows, the EGF concentrations
were consistently high throughout the study period, while in Holstein cows, the EGF
concentrations decreased after the second calving. In conclusion, unlike multiparous
repeat breeder Holstein cows, an altered EGF profile may not be a major cause of
repeat breeding in Holstein heifers, and the peak EGF concentrations around day 3 may
decrease even in fertile populations of multiparous dairy cows, but not in beef
cows. 相似文献
6.
Coagulation factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle: expression and distribution of factor XI activity. 
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下载免费PDF全文 Factor XI (F XI) is a plasma protein that participates in the blood coagulation process. A study of the expression of F XI activity in Holstein cattle has confirmed that the inheritance of F XI deficiency is autosomal with severe deficiency in homozygotes (mean F XI level 2%, SD 1%), and partial deficiency in heterozygotes (mean F XI level 38%, SD 10%; normal mean F XI level 94%, SD 21%). In a total of 1469 males evaluated for F XI levels, 47 or 3.1% were identified as heterozygous and only one as homozygous for the disorder. In part because of the lack of a discrete distinction in the expression of F XI between heterozygous and normal animals, not all of the animals tested could be uniquely classified on the basis of the plasma F XI values. A mean F XI value of 53% (SD 7%) was found in a group of animals that were categorized as low normal/high heterozygous. If this group of cattle had been classified on the basis of the criterion used to classify human beings then these animals would have been categorized as heterozygous since the mean F XI value for proven bovine heterozygotes is approximately 20% lower than the values found in the human counterpart. Like the human form of the disease, however, there appears to be a low frequency of hemorrhagic episodes associated with F XI deficiency in cattle. 相似文献
7.
P A Gentry 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1984,48(1):58-62
Factor XI protein, isolated from normal bovine plasma, was used to raise antiserum in rabbits. The antisera was partially purified and used in a neutralization-inhibition assay to investigate the relationship between factor XI coagulant activity and antigenic material in the plasma of normal cattle and cattle homozygous and heterozygous for factor XI deficiency. Factor XI antigen was reduced in both the homozygous and heterozygous animals to levels comparable to the factor XI coagulant activity. The reduction of immunologically cross-reactive material to normal factor XI suggests that the factor XI coagulation defect is associated with the absence of a normal protein. 相似文献
8.
Noriyuki HORIUCHI Daishiro KUMAGAI Kotaro MATSUMOTO Hisashi INOKUMA Hidefumi FURUOKA Yoshiyasu KOBAYASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1281-1283
Bovine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder causing
congestive heart failure and subsequent death. Recently, a nonsense mutation c.343C>T
in the bovine optic atrophy 3 (OPA3) gene had been reported to cause the DCM in Holstein
cattle in Switzerland. However, the mutation has not been confirmed in bovine DCM outside
Switzerland. Nine Holstein Friesian cows that were macroscopically and histologically
diagnosed with or suspected of DCM and 12 control cows kept in Japan were tested for the
mutation. The mutation surrounding OPA3 DNA fragment was amplified by PCR and subjected to
direct sequences. The homogeneous c.343C>T mutation was proved to occur in all the
affected cows and not in the control cows. The present study is the first report of the
mutation in the DCM affected cows outside Switzerland. 相似文献
9.
10.
产犊间隔（calving internal,CI）又称胎间距,即两次产犊间的时间间隔,能够综合反映奶牛发情、配种、妊娠和产犊等繁殖性能,是衡量奶牛繁殖性能的一个重要指标,同时也是影响奶牛产奶量和产犊数量的重要因素,对奶牛养殖经济效益具有直接影响。最新研究显示,适宜产犊间隔与牛群泌乳能力相关,泌乳能力越高,适宜产犊间隔应越长。但是,即使中国规模化牛场产奶量已经有了大幅提升,中国大多数牧场还在追求更短的产犊间隔。为此,作者对影响荷斯坦奶牛产犊间隔的因素及其研究进展进行概述,并简要阐述了产犊间隔对牛场经济效益的影响,以期为中国荷斯坦奶牛养殖确定适宜产犊间隔提供一定的借鉴和理论依据。 相似文献
11.
应用广西黄牛作受体进行奶牛胚胎移植的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验通过超排11头荷斯坦牛,获得42枚可用胚胎,分别移植到19头广西本地黄牛和18头低产奶牛中,广西黄牛受体的妊娠率为36.81%,其中母犊5头,公犊2头。荷斯坦牛受体的妊娠率为44.44%,流产2头,流产率25%,产犊6头,公母各3头。黄牛受体与荷斯坦牛受体生下的荷斯坦胚胎牛初生重差别明显,但经培育后,体重差距逐步缩小;产奶性能无差别。广西本土黄牛可以用于荷斯坦牛胚胎移植的受体牛,加强饲养管理可获得好的受胎率;做好胚胎移植出生犊牛培育,可获得良好的经济效益。 相似文献
12.
ME Ghanem N Isobe H Kubota T Suzuki A Kasuga M Nishibori 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(3):346-350
This study was carried out on 71 lactating Holstein Friesian cows to investigate the resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum and the reproductive performance in cows carrying the mutation of complex vertebral malformation (CVM) compared with control ones. The cows were distributed in two dairy farms in Hiroshima Prefecture, Western Japan. Blood samples were collected from the cows to detect carrier cows with CVM mutation. Furthermore, plasma samples were collected weekly after calving from control cows (n = 10) and CVM carrier cows (n = 10), until 10 weeks postpartum to investigate the day of first ovulation and the resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum. The reproductive parameters were investigated and compared with control and CVM carrier cows. Thirty‐six cows were diagnosed to be CVM carriers by DNA examination and confirmed later by DNA sequencing. The pedigree analysis of the carrier cows revealed that they were daughters of six types of CVM carrier semen that still was used in dairy farms in Western Japan. In terms of reproductive indices, there were no significant differences between the control and the CVM carrier cows on the day of the first ovulation postpartum and the interval from calving to first insemination. However, CVM carrier cows significantly required more inseminations per conception and showed a significantly longer period to conception and subsequent calving than control ones. In conclusion, the reproductive performance of the CVM carrier cows was lowered through conception failure that might indicate the occurrence of intra‐uterine mortality in those cows. 相似文献
13.
An outbreak of fat cow syndrome occurred in a herd of 300 Friesian and Friesian/Holstein dairy cows calving predominantly between January and May. The herd came in off grass in good condition despite a long and hot summer. The dry cows received a diet of grass silage, brewing waste and minerals until the end of December, but the grass silage was butyric and was partially replaced by maize silage. By January 23, 16 of 70 calving cows (23 per cent) had appeared to suffer milk fever. Subsequent blood tests revealed that the cows may have been ketotic, and clinical and post mortem examination showed that they were probably suffering from fat cow syndrome. The freshly calved sick cows were treated with glucose, and corticosteroids were injected every second day into those which remained ill. The cattle had received a high energy diet, but the cows still to calve were placed on a diet of low metabolisable energy (77 MJ/cow) but adequate levels of undegradable protein. The problem was associated with a possible clostridial infection in two cows and with reduced fertility. 相似文献
14.
A 5-yr study was conducted beginning in 1983 with 460 cows to evaluate the effects of three breeding seasons (30, 45, and 70 d in length) and two times of spring calving, March (early) and April (late), on cattle production under Nebraska Sandhills range conditions. Criteria evaluated included pregnancy and weaning percentages, calving date and distribution, cow weights and body condition at four intervals, calf birth and weaning weights, and cow productivity. The 30-d breeding season included a 10-d estrus synchronization and AI period; in the other breeding seasons only natural breeding was used. The same sires were used over the entire study period. Percentage of cows pregnant and percentage of calves weaned were lower (P less than .01) for cows bred for 30 d than for cows bred for 45 or 70 d. Average calving dates were similar among the breeding groups within the early and late calving herds. Pregnancy rates from AI were higher (P less than .01) for the cows calving in April (64%) than for the cows calving in March (41%). Cows calving in April lost less weight between precalving and prebreeding and were heavier (P less than .05) at prebreeding time than the cows calving in March. Calf weaning weights were not different (P greater than .10) among any of the breeding season groups or between the two calving herds when calves were weaned at a similar age. Cow productivity (calf weaning weight per breeding female) was highest (P less than .05) for the cows bred for 70 d (186 kg), intermediate for the cows bred for 45 d (172 kg), and lowest for cows bred for 30 d (162 kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
15.
T. O. Rewe P. Herold H.-P. Piepho A. K. Kahi A. Valle Zárate 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(3):327-340
The objective of this study is to describe the present organisational structure of Boran cattle breeding and develop a model
breeding programme using a deterministic approach under the current structure of the Boran Cattle Breeders Society. A breeding
unit of 13,000 cows supplying bulls to a commercial population of 39,000 cows was assumed. Selection criteria used were growth
and reproduction traits while breeding objective traits targeted were growth, carcass, reproduction, survival, milk yield
and feed intake traits. Higher selection intensity was possible for breeding sires resulting in higher genetic gains compared
to dams even though selection accuracies were generally low. Annual genetic gains were positive except for dressing percentage,
cow survival rate, and age at first calving. However, a reduction of age at first calving by 9.5 days obtained a return of
Ksh 49.76. The overall monetary genetic gain obtained was Ksh 84.89 with a profit per cow per year of Ksh 377.98. The basic
breeding programme could be expanded to accommodate a larger population of Boran cattle. The implications of the results are
also discussed. 相似文献
16.
[目的]为了寻求本地黄牛母牛难产的原因和解决方法。[方法]2013年对5081头母牛的产犊情况进行统计分析。[结果]在统计产犊的母牛中,本地母牛为4018头,西本杂母牛为1063头,难产率最高的是本地母牛×西门塔尔,难产率为7.98%,其后依次为本地母牛×利木赞（6.55%）,西本杂母牛×西门塔尔（4.65%）,本地牛×安格斯（3.1%）,难产率最低的是本地母牛×本地公牛,难产率为0.85%。[结论]可采取科学选配、控制营养等方法来减少难产的发生率;采取科学的接产方法,能有效解决难产问题。 相似文献
17.
Background
Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD), deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS), complex vertebral malformation (CVM), bovine citrullinaemia (BC) and factor XI deficiency (FXID) are autosomal recessive hereditary disorders, which have had significant economic impact on dairy cattle breeding worldwide. In this study, 350 Holstein cows reared in Turkey were screened for BLAD, DUMPS, CVM, BC and FXID genotypes to obtain an indication on the importance of these defects in Turkish Holsteins.Methods
Genomic DNA was obtained from blood and the amplicons of BLAD, DUMPS, CVM, BC and FXID were obtained by using PCR. PCR products were digested with TaqI, AvaI and AvaII restriction enzymes for BLAD, DUMPS, and BC, respectively. These digested products and PCR product of FXID were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide. CVM genotypes were detected by DNA sequencing. Additionally, all genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing to determine whether there was a mutant allele or not.Results
Fourteen BLAD, twelve CVM and four FXID carriers were found among the 350 Holstein cows examined, while carriers of DUMPS and BC were not detected. The mutant allele frequencies were calculated as 0.02, 0.017, and 0.006 for BLAD, CVM and FXID, respectively with corresponding carrier prevalence of 4.0% (BLAD), 3.4% (CVM) and 1.2% (FXID).Conclusion
This study demonstrates that carriers of BLAD, CVM and FXID are present in the Turkish Holstein population, although at a low frequency. The actual number of clinical cases is unknown, but sporadic cases may appear. As artificial insemination is widely used in dairy cattle breeding, carriers of BLAD, CVM and FXID are likely present within the population of breeding sires. It is recommended to screen breeding sires for these defective genes in order to avoid an unwanted spread within the population. 相似文献18.
19.
A general bio-economic model for beef cattle production was used to define breeding objectives for Charolais cattle to be utilized in a variety of linked production systems. Economic weights were calculated for 16 traits (some with both direct and maternal components) in three production systems (pure-breeding and terminal crossing with beef or dairy cows) and two marketing strategies (sale or fattening of weaned surplus calves). Economic weights for the total breeding objective were calculated as weighted averages, where weights were numbers of cows expected to be mated with Charolais bulls in each production system and marketing strategy. Results suggest that the direct component of calving performance and cow longevity were of primary economic importance in all systems. Conception rate of cows and weaning weight reached about 50% of the standardized economic weight of calving performance in purebred systems with sale of weaned calves, whereas in purebred systems with fattening the economic importance of the direct component of cow conception rate, losses at calving, mature weight of cows, weaning weight, and fattening traits were of equal importance (each approximately about 20% that of calving performance). In terminal crossing systems, weaning weight was important when calves were sold at weaning, and fattening traits were important for systems selling fattened animals. The bio-economic model performed well under the conditions of this demonstration and could easily be customized for other applications. 相似文献
20.
为了探究荷斯坦牛泌乳前期体况评分（body condition score,BCS）的影响因素及BCS对生产性能和离群寿命的影响,本研究收集江苏省某大型牛场2018年1月至2020年12月共7 811头荷斯坦牛泌乳前期BCS、生产性能测定（dairy herd improvement,DHI）结果及淘汰记录,利用多因素方差分析法在分析奶牛泌乳前期BCS变化及影响因素基础上,重点分析泌乳前期BCS及其变化对泌乳性能和离群寿命的影响,利用Cox回归对泌乳前期不同BCS的荷斯坦牛生存曲线进行绘制,并对不同BCS荷斯坦牛的淘汰原因进行卡方检验。结果表明,全群泌乳前期BCS均值为（2.95 ±0.32）。胎次、产犊季节和泌乳天数对泌乳前期BCS有极显著影响（P<0.01）,1胎牛和夏季产犊的母牛泌乳前期BCS均最高;5~30、31~60、61~100 d BCS呈显著下降。泌乳前期BCS对产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分等均有极显著影响（P<0.01）。产奶量和高峰奶量随BCS的增加呈极显著下降（P<0.01）。泌乳前期BCS与产奶量、高峰奶量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与乳蛋白率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。泌乳前期BCS的变化对SCS和高峰奶量均有显著影响（P<0.05）。泌乳前期BCS对离群胎次和淘汰月龄有极显著影响（P<0.01）。生存分析表明,BCS为2.75的牛只生存概率最大。2胎和4胎母牛、冬季产犊的母牛不同BCS淘汰比例均呈极显著差异（P<0.01）;低产淘汰的牛只泌乳前期BCS淘汰分布具有极显著差异（P<0.01）。在本研究牛群中,当泌乳前期BCS为2.75时,牛只生产性能较佳且淘汰风险最低,本研究为规模化牛场荷斯坦牛泌乳前期的饲养管理提供了参考。 相似文献