共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Alessandra Boschi Cristina Arosio Ilaria Cucchi Fabio Bertini Marinella Catellani Giuliano Freddi 《Fibers and Polymers》2008,9(6):698-707
Different silk substrates in form of spun silk tops, nonwoven web, yarn, and fabric were coated with electrically conducting
doped polypyrrole (PPy) by in situ oxidative polymerization from an aqueous solution of pyrrole (Py) at room temperature using FeCl3 as catalyst. PPy-coated silk materials were characterized by optical (OM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy,
and thermal analysis (DSC, TG). OM and SEM showed that PPy completely coated the surface of individual silk fibers and that
the polymerization process occurred only at the fiber surface and not in the bulk. Dendrite-like aggregates of PPy adhered
to the fiber surface, with the exception of the sample first polymerized in the form of tops and then spun into yarn using
conventional industrial machines. FT-IR (ATR mode) showed a mixed spectral pattern with bands typical of silk and PPy overlapping
over the entire wavenumbers range. DSC and TG showed that PPy-coated silk fibers attained a significantly higher thermal stability
owing to the protective effect of the PPy layer against thermal degradation. The mechanical properties of silk fibers remained
unchanged upon polymerization of Py. The different PPy-coated silk materials displayed excellent electrical properties. After
exposition to atmospheric oxygen for two years a residual conductivity of 10–20 % was recorded. The conductivity decreased
sharply under the conditions of domestic washing with water, while it remained essentially unchanged upon dry cleaning. Abrasion
tests caused a limited increase of resistance. PPy-coated silk tops were successfully spun into yarn either pure or in blend
with untreated silk fibers. The resulting yarns maintained good electrical properties. 相似文献
2.
The effects of drawing speed and water on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Araneus Ventricosus spider dragline silk were investigated with polarized Raman spectroscopy and mechanical property tester. The major ampullate
silk (MAS), spider dragline silk was made by drawing from major ampullate glands of Araneus Ventricosus spider at the rates of 1, 10, 20, 40, and 110 mm/s, respectively. It was found that MAS silk drawn at 20 mm/s contained the
most of β-sheet polypeptides with the high orientation and the least of α-helix. The results also revealed that dragline silk spun at aqueous condition (WDS) had lower content and orientation of
β-sheets than those at ambient condition (DDS); the existence of water led to smaller tensile strength at break and initial
modulus, but larger tensile strain at break of dragline silk. 相似文献
3.
Wet spun silk fibroin (SF) filaments have attracted considerable attention because of their potential in biotechnological applications including surgical sutures, tissue engineering and wound dressing. Although the molecular weight (MW) of polymers is one of key factors affecting the wet spinnability of dope along with the structural characteristics and properties of wet spun filament, no related study has been conducted. In this study, regenerated SFs with different MWs and concentrations were prepared by wet spinning. The effects of the SF concentration and MW on 1) wet spinnability and rheology of silk dope solution and 2) crystallinity index and post drawing performance of wet spun silk filament were examined. Their relationships were also investigated. The rheological measurements showed that an 80 mPa·s viscosity is needed to obtain a continuous wet spun SF filament. As the MW of SF increased, the peak position of the maximum draw ratio shifted to a lower SF concentration with a concomitant increase in the maximum draw ratio value at the peak. Interestingly, the crystallinity index obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed a similar trend to the maximum draw ratio suggesting that the post drawing ability is strongly affected by the quantity of short-ordered crystalline regions in wet spun SF filaments. On the other hand, X-ray diffraction did not detect any crystallinity change in the SF filament produced from the formic acid solvent system. It was concluded that MW strongly affected the dope solution viscosity and the crystallinity index from FTIR and these determined the fiber formation of dope and post drawing performance of fiber. 相似文献
4.
K. Vinisha Rani N. Hari Prakash Infant Solomon Bornali Sarma Arun Sarma 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(1):52-58
Experimental investigations have been carried out to modify the surface properties of natural Kanchipuram silk (pattu) fibers using a low temperature DC glow discharge air Plasma. Silk is an externally spun fibrous protein secretion formed into fibers. Plasma treatment is an eco-friendly, dry, and clean process over wet chemical method and does not suffer from any environmental and health concerns. Experiments have been performed considering three parameters such as discharge current, treatment time, and working pressure. The structural, thermal, morphological, optical, and mechanical studies of raw and plasma treated silk fibers have been obtained out using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), diffuse absorbance spectroscopy, and tensile test. A comparative study has been done for the untreated and different treated fibers. Various characterization analyses reveal that surface roughness of the plasma treated silk fiber is increased and also crystallite size of treated samples is enhanced, plasma treated silk fibers maintain the whiteness effect and it is observed that UV transmittance region (A & B) is more for the treated fiber which signifies enhanced UV protection. 相似文献
5.
【目的】针对不断增高的大气二氧化碳(CO_2)浓度和温度,研究这两个重要环境因子及其互作对大田生长水稻叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值的动态影响。【方法】利用农田T-FACE(Temperature-Free Air CO_2 Enrichment)系统,以高产优质粳稻武运粳23为供试材料,设置两个CO_2浓度(环境CO_2浓度和高CO_2浓度)和两个温度处理(环境温度和高温),测定自然生长环境下水稻不同生育期叶片的叶绿素含量及SPAD值。【结果】550μmol/mol CO_2浓度使水稻移栽后41、77、94 d叶绿素a,b和a+b含量均增加(最大增幅为6.4%),但移栽110、119 d后均减少(最大降幅为5.4%)。由于叶绿素b含量对CO_2较叶绿素a含量更敏感,故高CO_2浓度使移栽后41、77和94 d叶绿素a/b值均下降,降幅分别为4.7%、2.3%和0.9%,但移栽110和119 d后分别增加1.9%和5.3%;以上对CO_2的响应多达显著水平。对叶片SPAD值而言,高CO_2浓度对水稻生长前、中期的影响较小,但移栽110和119 d后分别下降3.5%(P=0.1)和19.1%(P0.01)。大田生长期增温1℃,各期叶绿素a、b以及a+b含量多呈增加趋势,叶绿素a/b值表现相反,但总体上变幅小于CO_2效应;高温对水稻前、中期叶片SPAD的影响较小,但移栽110和119d后SPAD值平均下降7.1%和14.8%,均达极显著水平。CO_2与温度处理对上述测定参数多无显著互作效应,但CO_2浓度、温度处理与生育期之间多存在明显的互作效应。【结论】大气CO_2浓度增高有利于水稻生长前中期叶片叶绿素的形成,但生长后期叶绿素含量和SPAD值均明显下降且伴随叶绿素a/b值的显著升高,这种早衰现象在不同生长温度下趋势一致。 相似文献
6.
大气二氧化碳(CO_2)浓度和气温增高是全球气候变化的重要特征,本研究旨在揭示未来气候变化条件下生长的水稻,其种子活力是否受这两个重要环境因子的影响。利用稻田FACE(Free Air CO_2Enrichment)系统,以常规水稻武运粳23为供试材料,设置对照(Ambient,环境空气)、CO_2浓度增高(比Ambient高200μmol/mol)、温度增高(比Ambient高2℃)和CO_2浓度与温度同时增高四个处理,成熟期收获种子进行实验室标准发芽实验。结果表明,与对照相比,单独CO_2浓度增加使成熟种子浸种24h浸出液电导率平均增加16.5%,但使种子露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别下降7.8%、10.0%、17.4%和8.9%。相似地,单独温度增高或CO_2浓度和温度同时增高处理对上述参数影响的方向一致,但影响的幅度变小,多未达显著水平。与环境生长温度相比,高温环境下全生育期CO_2浓度升高使成熟种子浸种24h浸出液电导率、露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响变小,表现在CO_2浓度与温度处理间存在一定程度的交互作用。种子发芽后芽和根系性状对高CO_2浓度或高温均无显著响应。以上结果说明,大气CO_2浓度增高200μmol/mol环境条件下,常规粳稻武运粳23成熟种子露白率、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标均明显下降,但在同时适度增温的生长环境下这种负面影响有减弱的趋势。 相似文献
7.
高温对椰心叶甲啮小蜂保护酶系活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用分光光度法测定椰心叶甲啮小蜂（Tetrastichus brontispae）幼虫、 蛹和成蜂经 30、 33、 36、 39、 42 ℃处理后体内 3 种保护酶活性的变化。 结果表明： （1）经不同高温处理后, 椰心叶甲啮小蜂幼虫、 蛹和成蜂体内过氧化氢酶（Catalase, CAT）活性随着温度升高而先升高后降低, 其中幼虫、 蛹体内 CAT 活性高于对照。 39 ℃为CAT 清除 H2O2 的最适温度, 高于 39 ℃则 CAT 活性受抑制。 （2）经不同高温处理后, 椰心叶甲啮小蜂幼虫体内过氧化物酶（Peroxidase, POD）活性高于对照, 蛹和成蜂体内 POD 活性低于对照。 幼虫在 33 ℃时体内 POD 活性达最大值, 之后随着温度的升高逐渐下降; 蛹和成蜂体内 POD 活性随温度的升高而升高。 （3）经不同高温处理后,椰心叶甲啮小蜂幼虫和蛹体内超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase, SOD）活性随温度升高而升高, 其体内 SOD活性均高于对照。 成蜂体内 SOD 活性随温度升高而先升高后降低, 在 39 ℃时达到最大值, 但低于对照。 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):37-70
Summary Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has risen from about 270 mmol (CO2) mol?1 (air) (i.e., mole fraction of dry atmospheric air basis) before 1700 to about 370 mmol mol ?1 currently. General Circulation Models (GCM) have predicted a global temperature rise of 2.8 to 5.2°C for a doubling of CO2. This review examines evapotranspiration and water-use efficiency responses of plants to rising CO2 and climatic changes, especially temperature. Doubling of CO2 will decrease leaf stomatal conductance to water vapor about 40%. However, water use by C3 crop plants under field conditions has usually been decreased only 12% or less for two reasons. Firstly, feedbacks in the energy balance of plant foliage cause leaf temperatures to rise as stomatal conductance is decreased. Increases of leaf temperature raise the vapor pressure of water inside the leaf, which increases the leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference. This increased driving force for transpiration offsets in large part the decreased leaf conductance caused by elevated CO2. Secondly, CO2 enrichment tends to cause leaf area to increase more rapidly in many crops. This increased leaf surface area for transpiration also offsets part of the decreased stomatal conductance per unit leaf area on the whole canopy evapotranspiration, but the energy budget feedbacks are more important. Experiments point to a yield enhancement of 30 to 35% for C3 crops for the direct effects a doubling of CO2 (without ancillary climate change). If temperature rises, this yield enhancement may be greater for vegetative growth but less for seed grain yield. Experiments on both ambient and elevated CO2 treatments in sunlit growth chambers showed that transpiration rates increased 20% when air temperature was changed from 28 to 33 °C and increased 30% when temperature was increased from 28 to 35 °C. Thus, under well-watered conditions, evapotranspiration will increase about 4 to 5% per 1°C rise in temperature. Crop model predictions of yields of soybean and maize showed a reduction due to temperature increases by two GCM models. Under Southeastern USA conditions, doubling CO2 in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate change scenario resulted in an 12% increase in yields, but yields decreased 50% in the Geophysical Fluids Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) climate change scenario. Optimum irrigation for both models gave yield increases of about 10%. These model results illustrate the critical requirement of water for production of crops. Under rainfed conditions, crop yields could suffer tremendously if growing season precipitation is decreased, but yields could increase moderately if growing season precipitation is increased. Under the high growing season rainfall scenario (GISS), irrigation requirements for optimum soil water were increased 22%, but under the low rainfall scenario (GFDL), irrigation requirements were increased 111%. Without the effects of climate change, rising CO2 will cause an increase in crop water-use efficiency (WUE). Most of the increases in WUE will be due to increases in dry matter, with little or no contribution from decreases in water use per unit land area. Growers could produce higher yields per unit land area with higher total production, or maintain the same total production with less land and less total water use. However, if temperatures rise, transpirational water use will increase, and WUE will decline. Higher temperatures, and especially less rainfall, would raise the irrigation requirements of crops. Competition for water resources from other uses could result in less water available for irrigation. 相似文献
9.
研究林窗对土壤呼吸的影响及其机制,可为热带森林生态系统土壤呼吸的准确估算和森林土壤有机碳管理提供科学依据。以海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林林窗（台风干扰形成）样地为研究对象,通过开展林窗内和林窗外（林内）土壤呼吸的原位观测试验,并设置去除/保留凋落物处理来分析凋落物对土壤呼吸的影响;结合林窗内外土壤的理化性质及气象要素,研究土壤呼吸的排放与环境因子的关系。结果表明：林窗的空气相对湿度、土壤温度和土壤含水量与林内均存在极显著差异（P<0.01）;林窗的空气温度与林内的差异不显著（P>0.05）;林窗内外的平均土壤呼吸分别为(3.29±0.54)μmol/(m2·s)和(2.38±0.51)μmol/(m2·s)。在月尺度上,林窗内外的土壤呼吸的排放速率呈现多峰型曲线变化规律,排放趋势大致相同,整体呈现出雨季大于旱季的变化规律。林窗和林内的土壤呼吸速率存在显著差异（P<0.05）。影响林内和林窗土壤呼吸的最主要因素分别是有机碳和地下5 cm温度。 相似文献
10.
In this study, we attempted to evaluate a novel use of sericin-fixed silk fiber (SFx) as an immobilization support of enzyme.
Sericin was fixed on the silk fiber using glutaraldehyde as a fixation reagent. After 6 hours of fixation, the degree of fixation
increases linearly with linear decrease of the amount of bound α-chymotrypsin (CT). This suggests that the increase of the
degree of fixation is due to the further crosslinking of free aldehyde groups on the surface of sericin-fixed silk fiber (SFx).
Even though perfect fixation was not achieved, sericin did not dissolve seriously and could be removed by further washing.
The specific activity did not differ significantly after 6 hours of fixation. The activity of immobilized CT on SFx decreased
to its half after 6 hours of incubation at 50°C. However, it retained 78% of initial activity even after 1 hour of treatment
with 100% ethanol. As a result, the SFx could be used as an immobilization support of enzyme in non-aqueous media at ambient
temperature. 相似文献
11.
The microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of mesophyll cells in flag leaves of two rice lines (a thermo-sensitive line 4628 and a thermo-resistant line 996) under high temperature stress (37°C during 8:00-17:00 and 30°C during 17:00-8:00) were investigated using an optical and a transmission electron microscopy. The membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content increased under the high temperature stress, and the increase of both variables was greater in the line 4628 than in the line 996. Und... 相似文献
12.
高纯度茶氨酸的合成与特性(英文) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
YAN Shou He Jean-Pierre DUFOUR MarcMEURENS 《茶叶科学》2003,23(2):99-104
报道了一种改进的茶氨酸(γ-谷酰基乙胺)的合成方法,包括L-谷氨酸的去氢成为吡咯烷酮羟酸(PCA),然后再加纯的乙胺(99%,气-液)反应,得率92.6%,再在84%乙醇溶液中重结晶后,高纯度茶氨酸(A型) 的得率37.4%。其结晶在透视和扫描电镜下呈长方形棱柱,具丝光状。A型茶氨酸的融点为224℃。B型茶氨酸从L-PCA合成,为甘蓝叶状,边缘呈波浪型,融点217—218℃。用HPLC分析证明,A和B型茶氨酸是混合异构体,A型含47.9%的L-茶氨酸,B型含90.9%的L-茶氨酸,100%的L-茶氨酸的旋光度(á)为+8.57 。 相似文献
13.
采用室内外观察法和最小二乘法研究胶刺蛾（Chalcocelis albigutataSnellen）的生物学特性。结果表明：胶刺蛾以幼虫危害油茶叶片,老熟幼虫在叶面处结茧化蛹,每年11月中旬至次年4月上旬以第4代蛹越冬;幼虫共5龄,在25℃下,该虫的世代历期为（89.8±2.3）d;成虫具有正趋性,雌虫平均寿命5.8 d,雄虫平均寿命4.3 d,平均每雌产卵117.5粒,林间性比为1.32∶1（♀∶♂）;不同温度对胶刺蛾各虫态及世代的发育有极显著的影响（P〈0.01）,且发育历期均随着温度的升高而降低;胶刺蛾的卵、幼虫、蛹的发育起点温度分别为7.17、7.07、6.26℃,有效积温分别为87.09、650.19、508.0日度,世代的发育起点温度为7.17℃,有效积温为1373.77日度。 相似文献
14.
The flame resistant finishing of silk fabric is still a challenge because most of the available treatment methods usually
result in insufficient laundering durability. In this paper, a vinyl phosphorus-based monomer diethyl-2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)
phosphate (DEMEP) was applied onto silk fabrics by graft copolymerization technique using potassium persulfate as an initiator.
FT-IR spectra and amino analysis showed the evidence of the reaction between DEMEP and silk. The silk fabrics treated with
DEMEP have excellent self-extinguishing property when the DEMEP add-on is over 50 % wt of silk fabrics. The LOI of treated
samples is at least 28 % when the weight gain is 10 %. After being subjected to 30 hand wash cycles, DEMEP treated silk fabric
can still pass the vertical flammability test. Thermal gravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were applied
to explore the thermal decomposition of silk fabrics treated with DEMEP. The initial decomposition temperature of silk fabric
treated with DEMEP was shifted to a lower temperature. And at the end of decomposition at 700 °C, the char residue of silk
fabric treated with DEMEP was higher than that of the control sample. 相似文献
15.
本研究采用超临界CO2萃取斜叶黄檀中的精油,并分析精油的挥发性成分,主要考察萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间对精油得率的影响,通过正交试验确定超临界CO2萃取精油的最佳工艺条件,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）检测斜叶黄檀精油中的主要挥发性成分。结果表明:超临界CO2萃取精油的最佳工艺条件为萃取温度75℃,萃取压力35 MPa,萃取时间4 h,在此条件下精油的得率为4.7573%;从斜叶黄檀精油中共鉴定出13种挥发性组分,主要成分是榄香素和甲基丁香酚,分别占92.33%和3.18%。 相似文献
16.
茶木蠹蛾ＺｅｕｚｅｒａｃｏｆｆｅａｅＮｉｅｔｎｅｒ是茶树的主要枝干害虫之一,尤其是新辟茶园被害严重。在安徽省一年１代,以老熟幼虫越冬,幼虫期为５龄,危害期长达１２０—１５０ｄ,一生中可转移钻蛀５—１０个枝干。经变温测定：蛹期发育起点温度Ｃ＝（１５．０±０．７）℃,有效积温Ｋ＝（１７４±１２）ＤＤ,预测式Ｎ＝（１７４±１２）／〔Ｔ－（１５．０±０．７）〕（ｄ）,卵期发育起点温度Ｃ＝（１７．６±０．８）℃,有效积温Ｋ＝（１２４±７）ＤＤ,预测式Ｎ＝（１２４±７）／〔Ｔ－（１７．６±０．８）〕（ｄ）。 相似文献
17.
通过开顶式气室控制CO2浓度,对盆栽茶树进行试验测定,研究了大气CO2浓度升高对茶叶品质成分氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱、可溶性糖和主要营养元素含量的影响。结果表明,在大气CO2浓度为550和750βμmol/mol时,与正常大气CO2水平相比,春茶氨基酸含量下降4.5%和12.2%,夏茶氨基酸含量降低1.7%和6.7%,秋茶降幅为2.9%和10.8%;茶叶咖啡碱含量降低3.1%~4.6%和5.1%~10.7%;但茶叶茶多酚和可溶性糖含量降CO2浓度升高而提高,茶多酚含量提高3.8%~6.0%和6.9%~11.3%,可溶性糖含量增加8.4%~14.4%和18.1%~28.2%。同时,大气CO2浓度的升高使茶叶营养元素氮、钾、钙、磷、钠含量有不同程度降低,而锌、镁、铁含量有所增加,其中,茶叶氮、钾元素含量降低6.1%~16.3%和12.9%~22.9%,锌、镁含量分别提高5.8%~17.8%和11.3%~16.0%。 相似文献
18.
【目的】大气CO2浓度升高会降低水稻的外观与加工品质。为探明其下降机制并予以缓解，【方法】采用开放式大气CO2浓度升高(FACE)平台、两种栽培品种及其三种不同的基因调控遗传材料 (中花11及其蒸腾调节材料ZmK2.1-15、ZmK2.1-20、OsKAT3-26、OsKAT3-30; 中花11及其促冠根生长材料ERF3-7和ERF3-12; 日本晴及其促硝酸盐吸收材料NIL)，研究稻米外观与加工品质对CO2浓度升高的响应。【结果】稻米外观品质与加工品质对CO2浓度升高的响应因品种不同而异。CO2浓度升高下，中花11的垩白粒率和垩白度增加9.2%和4.4%，整精米率降低5.3%；而日本晴的垩白粒率和垩白度降低11.1%和7.9%，整精米率提升9.8%。蒸腾调节材料显著改善了CO2浓度升高对中花11外观与外观品质的负面效应，与当前CO2浓度相比，CO2浓度升高，ZmK2.1-15、 ZmK2.1-20、OsKAT3-26、OsKAT3-30的垩白粒率相对变化量为−2.7%、−16.3%、−14.8%，+7.4%，垩白度为−8.7%、−22.3%、−15.1%、−3.0%，整精米率为+2.1%、+6.4%、+3.6%、−7.0%。促冠根生长材料加大了CO2浓度升高对中花11号外观与加工品质的负面效应，ERF3-7、ERF3-12的垩白粒率在CO2浓度升高下分别增加17.7%和11.5%，垩白度增加34.4%和19.1%，整精米率分别降低10.1%和0.8%。促硝酸盐吸收材料(NIL)的垩白粒率和垩白度在CO2浓度升高下无明显变化，整精米率下降4.2%。NIL的外观品质较日本晴明显改善，CO2浓度升高下垩白粒率和垩白度分别下降16.5%和17.9%，当前CO2浓度条件下分别下降26.3%和28.9%。【结论】未来CO2浓度升高条件下，通过基因改良促进水稻蒸腾作用和硝酸盐吸收是提升稻米外观与加工品质的有效途径之一。 相似文献
19.
大气CO2浓度升高对茶树光合生理特性的影响 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
通过对不同大气CO2浓度水平下的茶树观测试验,研究了大气CO2增长对茶树新梢叶片净光合速率、蒸腾气孔导度、水分利用效率、叶绿素含量和营养元素含量等光合生理特性的影响。结果表明,在大气CO2浓度为550、750μmol·mol-1时,比正常大气CO2水平下茶树叶片日平均净光合速率提高17.9%和25.8%,并缓解和消除了光合午休现象;茶树叶片气孔导度降低7.6%和13.0%,蒸腾速度稍有下降,水分利用效率提高21.6%和35.8%;同时使茶树新梢叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量分别提高12.8%～18.4%、14.0%～22.0%、13.1%～19.4%和17.2%～20.1%,但叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值有所降低。大气CO2浓度的升高使新梢营养元素N、K、Ca含量有不同程度降低,而Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu含量有所增加。 相似文献
20.
【目的】大气CO2浓度升高会降低水稻的外观与加工品质。为探明其下降机制并予以缓解,【方法】采用开放式大气CO2浓度升高(FACE)平台、两种栽培品种及其三种不同的基因调控遗传材料(中花11及其蒸腾调节材料ZmK2.1-15、ZmK2.1-20、OsKAT3-26、OsKAT3-30;中花11及其促冠根生长材料ERF3-7和ERF3-12;日本晴及其促硝酸盐吸收材料NIL),研究稻米外观与加工品质对CO2浓度升高的响应。【结果】稻米外观品质与加工品质对CO2浓度升高的响应因品种不同而异。CO2浓度升高下,中花11的垩白粒率和垩白度增加9.2%和4.4%,整精米率降低5.3%;而日本晴的垩白粒率和垩白度降低11.1%和7.9%,整精米率提升9.8%。蒸腾调节材料显著改善了CO2浓度升高对中花11外观与外观品质的负面效应,与当前CO2浓度相比,CO2浓度升高,ZmK2.1-15、ZmK2.1-20、OsKAT3-26、OsKAT3-30的垩白粒率相对变化量为?2.7%、?16.3%、?14.8%,+7.4%,垩白度为?8.7%、?22.3%、?15.1%、?3.0%,整精米率为+2.1%、+6.4%、+3.6%、?7.0%。促冠根生长材料加大了CO2浓度升高对中花11号外观与加工品质的负面效应,ERF3-7、ERF3-12的垩白粒率在CO2浓度升高下分别增加17.7%和11.5%,垩白度增加34.4%和19.1%,整精米率分别降低10.1%和0.8%。促硝酸盐吸收材料(NIL)的垩白粒率和垩白度在CO2浓度升高下无明显变化,整精米率下降4.2%。NIL的外观品质较日本晴明显改善,CO2浓度升高下垩白粒率和垩白度分别下降16.5%和17.9%,当前CO2浓度条件下分别下降26.3%和28.9%。【结论】未来CO2浓度升高条件下,通过基因改良促进水稻蒸腾作用和硝酸盐吸收是提升稻米外观与加工品质的有效途径之一。 相似文献