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生物防治以其安全、高效及无污染等特点已经成为植物病害防治的重要途径。植物内生细菌在植物体内具有稳定的生存空间、不易受外界环境的影响等特点,近年来受到广泛关注[1]。番茄灰霉病和叶霉病是番茄重要病害,多年来一直依赖化学药剂防治。据报道,这两种病害的生防菌株主要是从土壤中分离的,与植物内生细菌相比,这些“外来”微生物在与植物根际土壤中大量习居微生物的竞争中难以占居优势,田间防治效果大多不明显甚至无效。作者从健康番茄植株体内分离内生细菌,筛选出对灰霉病菌和叶霉病菌有拮抗作用的菌株,以期探索新的生物防治途径。1材料… 相似文献
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利用小麦内生细菌防治小麦全蚀病的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
植物内生细菌是指能定殖在健康植物组织内,并与植物建立了和谐关系的一类细菌。内生细菌对植物的益生作用主要表现为促进植物生长、抑制植物病原物、增加植物的抗逆性和他感作用等几个方面。小麦全蚀病（wheat take-all）作为一种世界毁灭性病害,目前,由于缺乏抗病品种和有效的化学防治药剂,所以利用微生物之间的拮抗作用来控制小麦全蚀病危害具有广阔的应用前景。本研究通过从小麦里分离出内生细菌,从中筛选出对小麦全蚀病菌具有拮抗作用的菌株,在研究其拮抗机制和定殖作用基础上,对其防治小麦全蚀病的作用进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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植物内生细菌的研究与应用 总被引：36，自引：0，他引：36
植物内生细菌的研究与应用刘云霞（北京农业大学植保系１０００９４）经多年研究表明，高等植物健康组织体内存在着大量微生物。不同植物、不同器官在长期进化过程中，形成与植物体相互依存，相互制约的无害而有益的微生物群，无菌的植物体是不存在的。健康植物体内的微生... 相似文献
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关于抑制植物病原真菌几丁质酶来源及效应的研究强作用黄杆菌的分离和鉴定 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
将分离和已报道的15种微生物(细菌6种、放线菌2种、真菌7种)在几丁质平板上比较产酶情况,选择其中活性高、有代表性的3种微生物(细菌B1、真菌F1及放线菌S1)与植物(菜豆、小麦)、动物(青蛙、黑鱼)一起进一步进行几丁质酶活性和对病原真菌抑制作用的试验研究。在几丁质酶活性上,青蛙酶活性最高,其次是真菌、细菌和黑鱼,而小麦和菜豆最低。在对真菌的抑制作用上,细菌的作用最强,其次是小麦、菜豆和和放线菌,而青蛙对真菌的作用却不明显为此,我们选用细菌B1作为深入研究的材料,并对细菌B1进行分类鉴定,其属于黄杆菌属(F-lavobactrium sp),B1主要特征是:革兰氏阴性,周生鞭毛,菌体黄色,杆状,单个或成短链,仅从葡萄糖和少数几种糖中产酸,G+C含量是70,0mol%。 相似文献
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生物膜是一种附着于生命或非生命物体表面的有特殊结构和功能的微生物群落。它广泛地存在于自然界和人工环境中。本文对细菌生物膜的定义、形成过程、影响因素、抗性机制以及在植物与病原物互作中的研究作了简要综述。 相似文献
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本文综述了近5年来国内外植物寄生线虫生物防治微生物资源真菌、细菌和放线菌的筛选和开发应用进展;列举了已商品化的生防制剂;同时探讨了植物寄生线虫生物防治存在的问题及其对策,并展望了研究前景。 相似文献
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微生物代谢产物农药（microbial metabolite pesticide,简称MMP）是以微生物发酵产生的代谢产物为活性成分,用于防治病虫草鼠等有害生物或促进植物生长发育的生物农药。MMP主要包括农用抗生素、微生物源植物免疫诱抗剂和微生物源植物生长调节剂,是我国应用面积最广的生物农药。部分微生物代谢产物农药兼具预防与治疗效果,是未来绿色农药研发的一个重要方向。本文总结了我国研发和应用的主要代谢产物农药种类、特点和最新研究进展,分析了我国代谢产物农药研发过程中存在的问题和挑战,为新型代谢产物农药的研发与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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James F White Kathryn L Kingsley Qiuwei Zhang Rajan Verma Nkolika Obi Sofia Dvinskikh Matthew T Elmore Satish K Verma Surendra K Gond Kurt P Kowalski 《Pest management science》2019,75(10):2558-2565
Endophytes are microbes (mostly bacteria and fungi) present asymptomatically in plants. Endophytic microbes are often functional in that they may carry nutrients from the soil into plants, modulate plant development, increase stress tolerance of plants, suppress virulence in pathogens, increase disease resistance in plants, and suppress development of competitor plant species. Endophytic microbes have been shown to: (i) obtain nutrients in soils and transfer nutrients to plants in the rhizophagy cycle and other nutrient‐transfer symbioses; (ii) increase plant growth and development; (iii) reduce oxidative stress of hosts; (iv) protect plants from disease; (v) deter feeding by herbivores; and (vi) suppress growth of competitor plant species. Because of the effective functions of endophytic microbes, we suggest that endophytic microbes may significantly reduce use of agrochemicals (fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides) in the cultivation of crop plants. The loss of endophytic microbes from crop plants during domestication and long‐term cultivation could be remedied by transfer of endophytes from wild relatives of crops to crop species. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could reduce the efficiency of the rhizophagy cycle due to repression of reactive oxygen used to extract nutrients from microbes in roots. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献
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Growth-promoting bacteria(GPB) have shown promising effects on serving plants against environmental constraints such as drought. Nevertheless, simultaneous effects of different GPB have less been considered for arid land plants and under field conditions. We investigated the effects of single and combined application of GPB, including free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria(NFB), phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB), potassium solubilizing bacteria(KSB), a combination of NFB, PSB, and KSB(NPK), and... 相似文献
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Crops are negatively affected by abiotic and biotic stresses, however, plant‐microbe cooperation allows prompt buffering of these environmental changes. Microorganisms exhibit an extensive metabolic capability to assist plants in reducing these burdens. Interestingly, beneficial microbes may also trigger, at the host side, a sequence of events from signal perception to metabolic responses leading to stress tolerance or protection against biotic threats. Although plants are well known for their vast chemical diversity, plant‐microbial interactions often stimulate the production of a rich and different repertoire of metabolites in plants. The targeted microbial‐plant interactions reprogramming plant metabolism represent potential means to foster various pest managements. However, the molecular mechanisms of microbial modulation of plant metabolic plasticity are still poorly understood. Here, we review an increasing amount of reports providing evidence for alterations to plant metabolism caused by beneficial microbial colonization. In addition, we highlight the vital importance of these metabolic reprograms for plants under stress erratic conditions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Endophytic bacteria from halophytes have a wide range of application prospects in various fields, such as plant growth-promoting, biocontrol activity and stress resistance. The current study aimed to identify cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes grown in the salt-affected soil in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China and to evaluate their plant beneficial traits and enzyme-producing activity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from Reaumuria soongorica (PalL Maxim.), Artemisia carvifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Hort. Beng.), Peganum harmala L. and Suaeda dendroides (C. A. Mey. Moq.) by using the cultural-dependent method. Then we classified these bacteria based on the difference between their sequences of 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) gene. Results showed that the isolated bacteria from R. soongorica belonged to the genera Brucella, Bacillus and Variovorax. The bacteria from A. carvifolia belonged to the genera Micromonospora and Brucella. The bacteria from P. harmala belonged to the genera Paramesorhizobium, Bacillus and Peribacillus. The bacteria from S. dendroides belonged to the genus Bacillus. Notably, the genus Bacillus was detected in the three above plants, indicating that Bacillus is a common taxon of endophytic bacteria in halophytes. And, our results found that about 37.50% of the tested strains showed strong protease-producing activity, 6.25% of the tested strains showed strong cellulase-producing activity and 12.50% of the tested strains showed moderate lipase-producing activity. Besides, all isolated strains were positive for IAA (3-Indoleacetic acid) production, 31.25% of isolated strains exhibited a moderate phosphate solubilization activity and 50.00% of isolated strains exhibited a weak siderophore production activity. Our findings suggest that halophytes are valuable resources for identifying microbes with the ability to increase host plant growth and health in salt-affected soils. 相似文献
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Vyacheslav SHURIGIN 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):730-740
Endophytic bacteria of halophytic plants play essential roles in salt stress tolerance. Therefore, an understanding of the true nature of plant-microbe interactions under extreme conditions is essential. The current study aimed to identify cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with the roots and shoots of Seidlitzia rosmarinus Ehrenb. ex Boiss. grown in the salt-affected soil in Uzbekistan and to evaluate their plant beneficial traits related to plant growth stimulation and stress tolerance. Bacteria were isolated from the roots and the shoots of S. rosmarinus using culture-dependent techniques and identified by the 16S rRNA gene. RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis was conducted to eliminate similar isolates. Results showed that the isolates from the roots of S. rosmarinus belonged to the genera Rothia, Kocuria, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Paenibacillus and Brevibacterium. The bacterial isolates from the shoots of S. rosmarinus belonged to the genera Staphylococcus, Rothia, Stenotrophomonas, Brevibacterium, Halomonas, Planococcus, Planomicrobium and Pseudomonas, which differed from those of the roots. Notably, Staphylococcus, Rothia and Brevibacterium were detected in both roots and shoots, indicating possible migration of some species from roots to shoots. The root-associated bacteria showed higher levels of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) synthesis compared with those isolated from the shoots, as well as the higher production of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase. Our findings suggest that halophytic plants are valuable sources for the selection of microbes with a potential to improve plant fitness under saline soils. 相似文献
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荒漠化防治的另一途径——C4植物 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
荒漠化和沙尘暴不仅影响西北地区,同时也影响到相邻地区的国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善.虽然,我国政府历年来都十分重视西北地区的生态条件的改善和环境的建设,但我国沙尘暴的频次和强度在未来几年仍有增加之势.C4(碳四)植物具有高光饱和点、高光合速率和高光合生产效率的生理特性.比C3(碳三)植物耗水少,而光合效率高.对土壤的适应性广,具有较强的竞争力.它应是优先考虑的干旱区水土保持植物.从美国选育的C4纤维禾草可以看出,多年生的C4纤维禾草具有:①光合效率高,而水耗低;②多年生可节省每年播种所需的种、肥和耕作费用,节省生产成本;③强大的根系可使植物体内的氮元素储存起来,提高了土壤养分的利用率等特点.它是干旱区中一种既节水,又是水土保持最有成效的植物资源,对缓解西北地区的荒漠化问题将会发挥巨大的作用.我国温带地区的草本植物资源丰富,其中有不少的C4植物.建议开展C4草本植物和木本植物的选育、引种和推广研究,以在半荒漠地区营造一个环境良好、人与自然和谐的家园. 相似文献
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WANG Chunyuan 《干旱区科学》2021,13(7):744-758
Drought is one of the most significant natural disasters in the arid and semi-arid areas of China. Populations or plant organs often differ in their responses to drought and other adversities at different growth stages. At present, little is known about the size- and leaf age-dependent differences in the mechanisms of shrub-related drought resistance in the deserts of China. Here, we evaluated the photosynthetic and physiological responses of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. to drought stress using a field experiment in Mu Us Sandy Land, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China in 2018. Rainfall was manipulated by installing outdoor shelters, with four rainfall treatments applied to 12 plots (5 m×5 m). There were four rainfall levels, including a control and rainfall reductions of 30%, 50% and 70%, each with three replications. Taking individual crown size as the dividing basis, we measured the responses of A. ordosica photosynthetic and physiological responses to drought at different growth stages, i.e., large-sized (>0.5 m2) and small-sized (≤0.5 m2) plants. The leaves of A. ordosica were divided into old leaves and young leaves for separate measurement. Results showed that: (1) under drought stress, the transfer efficiency of light energy captured by antenna pigments to the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center decreased, and the heat dissipation capacity increased simultaneously. To resist the photosynthetic system damage caused by drought, A. ordosica enhanced its free radical scavenging capacity by activating its antioxidant enzyme system; and (2) growth stage and leaf age had effects on the reaction of the photosynthetic system to drought. Small A. ordosica plants could not withstand severe drought stress (70% rainfall reduction), whereas large A. ordosica individuals could absorb deep soil water to ensure their survival in severe drought stressed condition. Under 30% and 50% rainfall reduction conditions, young leaves had a greater ability to resist drought than old leaves, whereas the latter were more resistant to severe drought stress. The response of A. ordosica photosynthetic system reflected the trade-off at different growth stages and leaf ages of photosynthetic production under different degrees of drought. This study provides a more comprehensive and systematic perspective for understanding the drought resistance mechanisms of desert plants. 相似文献
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植物病害生防芽孢杆菌抗菌机制与遗传改良研究 总被引：93，自引：5，他引：93
芽孢杆菌是土壤和植物微生态的优势微生物种群,具有很强的抗逆能力和抗菌防病作用,许多性状优良的天然分离株已成功地应用于植物病害生物防治。芽孢杆菌抗菌防病机制包括竞争作用、拮抗作用和诱导植物抗病性。其中,核糖体合成的细菌素、几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶等抗菌蛋白以及次生代谢产生的抗生素与挥发性抗菌物质产生的拮抗作用是生防细菌最主要的抗菌机制。通过现代生物技术提高抗菌基因的表达水平和实现外源杀虫或抗菌基因的高效稳定共表达是增强生防芽孢杆菌抗菌活性和扩大防治对象的重要途径。基因组和蛋白组研究的迅猛发展必将极大地促进芽孢杆菌抗菌分子机制和抗菌基因工程研究的深入发展和广泛应用。 相似文献
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采用盆栽方法模拟羊草干物质积累和叶片气体交换参数对 5个水分梯度的响应表明 :轻度、中度干旱与对照相比 ,羊草叶片的相对含水量 (RWC )有所升高 ;严重和极严重干旱使RWC显著降低。干旱降低植株生物量 ,后期的降低幅度远远大于前期 ,反映出羊草叶片水分状况对适度的土壤干旱具有良好的适应性 ,而过度干旱对羊草的生长造成威胁。鞘的分配随时间呈下降趋势 ,而根茎的趋势与鞘相反 ,表明鞘的暂储物质有可能向根茎转移。干旱促进早期根的分配和根冠比增加 ,后期降低 ,表明羊草在受到持续干旱后 ,通过增加根部的比重来提高抗旱性的能力逐渐降低。干旱降低了光合速率 ,增加了胞间CO2 浓度 ,但对水分利用率 (WUE )的影响随日进程而波动 ,在上午 10时干旱促进了WUE升高 ,其他时间无显著影响 ,表明光合参数对干旱的响应受日进程影响。 相似文献
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Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to insects, mediated by an earthworm-produced organic soil amendment
Cardoza YJ 《Pest management science》2011,67(2):233-238
BACKGROUND: Vermicompost is an organic soil amendment produced by earthworm digestion of organic waste. Studies show that plants grown in soil amended with vermicompost grow faster, are more productive and are less susceptible to a number of arthropod pests. In light of these studies, the present study was designed to determine the type of insect resistance (antixenosis or antibiosis) present in plants grown in vermicompost‐amended potting soil. Additionally, the potential role of microarthropods, entomopathogenic organisms and non‐pathogenic microbial flora found in vermicompost on insect resistance induction was investigated. RESULTS: Findings show that vermicompost from two different sources (Raleigh, North Carolina, and Portland, Oregon) were both effective in causing Arabidopsis plants to be resistant to the generalist herbivore Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). However, while the Raleigh (Ral) vermicompost plant resistance was expressed as both non‐preference (antixenosis) and milder (lower weight and slower development) toxic effect (antibiosis) resistance, Oregon (OSC) vermicompost plant resistance was expressed as acute antibiosis, resulting in lower weights and higher mortality rates. CONCLUSION: Vermicompost causes plants to have non‐preference (antixenosis) and toxic (antibiosis) effects on insects. This resistance affects insect development and survival on plants grown in vermicompost‐amended soil. Microarthropods and entomopathogens do not appear to have a role in the resistance, but it is likely that resistance is due to interactions between the microbial communities in vermicompost with plant roots, as is evident from vermicompost sterilization assays conducted in this study. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献