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《果树学报》2017,(3)
【目的】砧木直径细于接穗的小脚现象是樱桃栽培中的常见现象。探究毛樱桃(Cerasus tomentosa)作砧木嫁接‘美早’甜樱桃(C.avium‘Tieton’)不同部位次生木质部导管分子特性的差异,以期为揭示小脚现象的结构机制和深入研究该现象提供一定的理论依据。【方法】采用组织离析法、显微照相技术、生物计量统计法与混合取样法,以嫁接5 a的3株‘美早’甜樱桃树为试材,比较了砧木根段、砧木茎段和接穗茎段木质部导管分子的形态和大小。【结果】‘美早’甜樱桃3个部位次生木质部导管分子均为孔纹导管,单穿孔,互列纹孔式,具有长尾导管分子、短尾导管分子和过渡阶段的导管分子,两端具尾、一端具尾和两端无尾的导管分子,端壁倾斜的、中间过渡类型的和两端近水平的导管分子;与其砧木根段和接穗茎段相比较,砧木茎段两端具尾的导管分子数目多5.3%和29.8%、两端无尾的少50.0%和53.8%、两端倾斜的少3.8%和8.3%、端壁倾角小的多22.2%和66.7%、端壁倾角小9.4%和9.5%、端壁倾角小于32°的多75.0%和95.2%、端壁倾角大于52°的少33.3%和16.7%;砧木茎段导管分子长度短29.9%和21.3%,长度大于260μm的均少100%;砧木茎段导管分子宽度大19.5%和22.4%,宽度大于50μm多60.0%和80.0%,即与其他实生树相比较,‘美早’甜樱桃从砧木根系、砧木茎段到接穗茎段导管宽度不匹配。【结论】‘美早’甜樱桃砧木茎段木质部导管分子形态和大小与砧木根段、接穗茎段的差异可能是导致"小脚"现象的重要原因。 相似文献
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桃3种砧木次生木质部导管分子性状比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为桃树抗寒砧木的选择提供参考依据,采用组织离析、显微照相与生物计量统计法,检测并比较了山桃(Prunus davidiana)(SP)、毛桃(P.persica)(MP)和珲春桃(P.persica cv.Hun-chun-tao)(HP)3种桃砧木根与茎导管分子形态和大小。结果表明,3种桃砧木导管分子性状相比较,根与茎导管分子侧壁次生增厚和木质化的方式、纹孔式、穿孔板类型以及其根一端具尾的导管分子比例基本相似,其茎导管分子均具有螺旋加厚现象,但是,两端具尾、一端具尾、两端无尾、两端倾斜、一端倾斜和两端水平的导管分子比例以及导管分子的长度与直径、根与茎导管分子长度与直径的比率均存在差异。 相似文献
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柑桔矮化砧及半矮化砧过氧化物酶同工酶及活性的比较 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文分析了柑桔矮化砧宜昌橙和山金柑、半矮化砧香橙和枳的实生树及其嫁接树宫川温州蜜柑和冰糖橙叶片过氧化物酶同工酶及活性。结果表明,矮化砧与接穗品种间过氧化物酶平均酶谱距离较大,半矮化砧与接穗间过氧化物酶平均酶谱距离较小,且砧穗间过氧化物酶平均酶谱距离与嫁接成活率呈负相关;砧木实生树叶片过氧化物酶同工酶谱带数及活性与其矮生或矮化性能无明显相关性;砧木对接穗过氧化物酶同工酶谱带数及其迁移率无影响,但影响接穗过氧化物酶活性;半矮化砧嫁接树过氧化物酶活性较矮化砧嫁接树强,且嫁接树过氧化物酶活性与其植株的分枝能力、树冠大小等呈显著性正相关。试验证明,砧穗间过氧化物酶平均酶谱距离可以解释柑桔砧穗间的亲和性;砧木对接穗品种过氧化物酶活性的影响,不仅可以用于解释柑桔砧木的致矮现象,同时,也可以应用于预测嫁接树的生长势。 相似文献
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砧木和接穗的影响是相互的,营养分配模式及通过接合部位的能力、环境和土壤因素影响的大个、负载量等的变化,主要受砧木和接穗的基因组成所左右。嫁接树砧木的根系代替了接穗的根系,它对接穗的矿质元素含量有很大影响,但是以前的报道认为接穗中原来不存在的物质也不能通过砧木引入,而只能改变存在物质的浓度。不过后来的研究(1957)表明,有时一些有机物可以通过枯木转运到接穗中,砧木引起的快速上长对叶片营养水平有稀释作用,反过来接穗也能改变砧木的组份。因此,树体的营养含量是“砧穗共生体”的效应。 应用砧木来解决石灰性土壤引起失绿病… 相似文献
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以小兰西瓜为接穗,选取6个葫芦砧木和4个南瓜砧木,插接法嫁接,研究不同砧木嫁接对西瓜嫁接苗嫁接成活率、接穗生长和砧木萌蘖发生的影响。结果表明:葫芦砧木嫁接成活率高于南瓜砧木,均达到90%以上,南瓜砧木中以东方明珠嫁接成活率较高,达到92.81%。葫芦砧木力根和南瓜砧木东方明珠对接穗生长影响较为显著,接穗株高、茎粗、叶片数、干鲜质量、叶绿素(a+b)及类胡萝卜素含量、根系活力均显著高于相应对照强根和京欣砧2号。葫芦砧木中,ZM-1和力根砧木萌蘖叶片较小,叶柄较短,南瓜砧木中,以东方明珠和京欣砧4号萌蘖生长较缓。综合评价认为:葫芦砧木力根和南瓜砧木东方明珠嫁接西瓜不仅嫁接成活率高,而且能明显促进接穗生长,降低砧木萌蘖侧枝的发生,可作为西瓜嫁接栽培中砧木选择的参考品种。 相似文献
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砧木、接穗不同苗龄对茄子双断根嫁接苗愈合及根系再生的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以托鲁巴姆砧木,以威十六长茄为接穗,采用双断根方式进行嫁接,研究了不同苗龄茄子砧木、接穗嫁接对双断根嫁接苗愈合及根系再生的影响。结果表明,茄子砧木的苗龄较大,有利于其再生根生长发育,砧木苗龄较小,则再生根产生较晚,生长较慢;砧木与接穗的苗龄相差较大,不利于嫁接部位愈合,导致嫁接苗的成活率较低;砧木与接穗的苗龄相近,嫁接苗成活率高,愈合效果好;茄子双断根嫁接的最适苗龄为接穗4~5片真叶,砧木5片真叶,且接穗与砧木同苗龄或接穗比砧木小1片苗龄为宜(即处理E45、E55、E56)。 相似文献
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正实生果树结果都需要经历童期后达到生理成熟才能结果。那么,砧穗嫁接的树,其结果的年龄与砧木的年龄及接穗的年龄有什么关系?2011~2012年,笔者进行了苹果的不同树龄砧木上嫁接不同树龄接穗的试验,结果表明嫁接苹果树自嫁接到初果龄的年限主要与砧木的年龄有关,而与接穗的年龄关系不大。1试验材料与方法设砧木2种:(1)1年生山定子实生苗,(2)4年生寒富苹果嫁接树。设接穗树2种:(1)1年生国光苹果 相似文献
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为了探究砧木直径、立地条件及气候因子3个因素对核桃嫁接成活率和生长量的影响,分别于2013年5月下旬和12月中下旬,以采自西北农林科技大学的"香玲"、"西林3号"、"西洛2号"核桃良种接穗为试材,分别对宁陕县江口镇和商州区腰市镇核桃嫁接成活率及生长量情况进行了调查。结果表明:生产中对核桃实生树进行嫁接改造时,选择砧木直径在9~12cm的实生树可以保证较高的成活率;枝条长度生长量与砧木直径呈正相关;平地的核桃嫁接成活率及生长量均较坡地好;降雨量对核桃嫁接成活率及生长量至关重要。该研究可为生产中提高核桃嫁接成活率和生长量提供依据。 相似文献
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土壤中根皮苷和根皮素对桃幼苗的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以一年生桃嫁接苗为试材,在盆栽条件下研究了苹果园土壤中特征酚酸类物质——根皮苷和根皮素对桃苗生物量、根系活力、根系保护性酶活性和MDA含量的影响。结果表明,根皮苷对桃幼苗的伤害显著,与对照相比,鲜质量、干质量分别降低了16.66%和21.58%,根系活力降低了33.04%,SOD、POD活性分别降低了40.80%和31.10%,MDA含量提高了116.34%。根皮素对桃苗的影响不大。高锰酸钾处理明显缓解了根皮苷对桃苗的伤害,苹果园土壤中的根皮苷含量降低了57.80%,提高了桃苗的生物量、根系活力和保护性酶活性,降低了MDA含量。综上,老龄苹果园土壤实测含量的根皮苷(0.343mg·kg~(-1))可降低桃苗的生物量,适量的高锰酸钾能缓解根皮苷的伤害作用。 相似文献
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M. Hudina N. Fajt F. Ătampar 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):1064-1068
SummaryWe have evaluated the influence of four different peach rootstocks (Prunus pumila,‘GF 655/2’ ,‘Missour’ and ‘GF 677’ as a standard) planted in medium-heavy to heavy soil on phenological events (flowering and harvest date), growth, yield, fruit quality and mortality of peach (P. persica L.) scions of cv. ‘Redhaven’. At the end of flowering, there were no significant differences between the different rootstocks in the years 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2004. In 2001, trees grafted on P. pumila reached the end of flowering 2 d before trees grafted on the other rootstocks. ‘Redhaven’ fruits ripened on the same day on trees grafted on the different rootstocks. The differences were only between years. The results showed that significantly less vigorous trees, according to their trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and canopy volume, with the lowest yield, were observed on P. pumila rootstock. The rootstock P. pumila had a significant negative influence on fruit dimensions and mortality was 50%. Trees grafted on ‘GF 655/2’ rootstock produced significantly lower yields than those grafted on ‘GF 677’ or ‘Missour’ rootstocks. Only the ‘GF 655/2’ rootstock had root suckers. Trees grafted on ‘GF 677’ rootstock were significantly more vigorous than on the other rootstocks, and produced the highest yield with good fruit quality. The final canopy volumes of peach trees grafted on the different rootstocks were very different. The most vigorous trees were those grafted on ‘GF 677’ rootstock, where the final tree volume was 12.8 m3. Trees grafted on P. pumila and ‘GF 655/2’ had significantly lower TCSA values than on the other rootstocks. 相似文献
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为了分析不同砧木苹果树细根的发生和周转动态,连续4年通过微根管技术研究不同砧木的5年生‘富士’苹果砧穗组合细根中的活根根长密度与死根根长密度的动态变化,以及细根年周转率和季节周转率。结果表明,乔砧树富士/八棱海棠的活根根长密度最大,矮化中间砧富士/M9/八棱海棠和富士/SH40/八棱海棠次之,矮化自根砧富士/M9、富士/SH40和富士/小金海棠最小,所有砧穗组合的活根根长密度随着树龄的增加而逐年减小。所有砧穗组合在夏秋季出现细根发生和死亡高峰期,乔砧树富士/八棱海棠的细根发生高峰期的活根根长密度和死根根长密度均最大。细根年周转率和季节周转率年度间差异大,矮化自根砧树细根的年周转率高于乔砧树。矮化自根砧和矮化中间砧树体ARLD低于乔砧树体可能与其致矮性相关。 相似文献
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B. Gonçalves A. Santos A. P. Silva J. Moutinho-Pereira J. M. G. Torres-Pereira 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):667-672
SummaryThe aims of this work are to describe the effects of pruning and planting density on growth and water relations of ungrafted and grafted sweet cherry trees. A trial with cherry rootstocks ‘Prunus avium’, ‘CAB 11E’, ‘Maxma 14’, ‘Gisela 5’ and ‘Edabriz’ was begun in 1997. Pruning severities were applied to the rootstocks (0, 30, 60 and 90% of the vegetative growth was removed corresponding to P1, P2, P3 and P4 treatments, respectively) after planting to two plant spacings (S1 = 0.25 × 1.0 m and S2= 0.45 × 1.5 m). Canopy, root growth and leaf water potential (ψleaf) were quantified throughout the growing season. Pruning significantly affected root length and root weight of the rootstocks. Uncut plants (P1) showed a heavier and expanded root biomass (231 g and 108 m) than the intensively pruned plants (P4) (187 g and 75 m). The greater root biomass was obtained with the spacing/pruning combination, S1/P1 (285 g), and the smaller with S1/P4 (180 g) and S2/P4 (176 g). ψleaf varied significantly between the rootstocks and plant spacing but not with pruning. ‘Maxma 14’ and ‘P. avium’ attained the lowest values of midday ψleaf, –2.28 and –2.04 MPa, but the highest values of predawn ψleaf, –0.29 and –0.25 MPa, respectively. Generally, with high density (S1), the rootstocks exhibited lower predawn and midday ψleaf. In 1998, cultivars ‘Burlat’, ‘Summit’ and ‘Van’ were grafted onto rootstocks and a trial was installed in 1999. Predawn and midday stem water potential (ψstem) on cherry trees, measured in 2002, were affected significantly by the rootstock/genotype combination. Cultivars grafted on ‘P. avium’ and ‘Maxma 14’ showed the less negative midday ψstem, –1.36 and –1.42 MPa respectively, so these rootstock genotypes perhaps induced a higher drought resistance to the scion. Recorded data show that the scion-rootstock interaction with regard to production performance under water deficits may be an important consideration in cherry tree planting strategies. 相似文献
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The rates of sap flow and xylem vessel features were studied in two-year-old nongrafted and grafted avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees. Daily sap flow rates were measured with heat and balance stem gauges in clonal Duke 7 (D7) and Toro Canyon (TC) trees and ‘Hass’ clonal scions grafted onto clonal D7 (H/D7) and TC (H/TC) rootstocks. Vessel features as size, number and total vessel area were determined histologically in the stem of the scion and rootstock and the roots of the grafted trees. Significant differences in the sap flow rate were found among the rootstocks, where D7 had a 29% higher sap flow rate than did TC (grafted and nongrafted trees). There were no differences among xylem vessel features in the stems of any of the varieties. However in the roots, D7 had wider and fewer vessels then TC do. Also, D7 had a 19% higher total vessel area than TC. These results suggest that the differences in water consumption of ‘Hass’ on different rootstocks may be associated with differences in the efficiency of the roots to absorb water across conductive tissue which may be linked to differences in the area of xylem vessels in the root. 相似文献
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Jane Baldry J. Dougan A. Shaked A. Bar-Akiva 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):233-237
Samples of fruit from Valencia orange trees, grafted on either Volkameriana or sour orange rootstocks were examined after standard commercial shipment and handling. Tests demonstrated differences in physical properties and chemical composition due to the rootstocks, and in acceptability as judged by a large taste panel. Fruit from trees grafted on Volkameriana was inferior in a number of respects, notably ease of peeling and flavour; juiciness and ascorbic acid content were also lower. 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,103(4):421-428
The influence of 14 peach rootstocks (GF677, AN 1/6, PR204/84, KID 1, DSS, wild peach seedling, KID 2, IDS-37, Limnou, Loadel, D.1869, MRS 2/5, A/P Procopiou, Selfrooted) on the nutrient absorption, yield, fruit quality, mortality, girth expansion and resistance to frost damages of May Crest peach variety was evaluated. The results showed that the better rootstocks were considered PR204/84, GF677, AN 1/6, KID 1 and KID 2. Trees on these rootstocks produced the highest yields and relatively good fruit quality. Trees grafted on PR204/84, GF677, KID 1 and KID 2 rootstocks were resistant to frost damage. In contrast, scion on the rootstock AN 1/6 were susceptible to frost damage. The mortality of trees grafted on AN 1/6, KID 1 and KID 2 was 0%. Trees grafted on PR204/84 and GF677 showed 40% mortality. The rootstocks GF677, AN 1/6, KID 1 and KID 2 had similar girth expansion. In contrast, the girth expansion of PR204/84 was significantly lower. Generally, rootstocks with the lowest level of P had the highest level of K and Ca. The converse was also true.All rootstocks showed similar susceptibility to Phytophthora citrophthora. 相似文献