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1.
套袋对砀山酥梨果实石细胞发育及木质素代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以砀山酥梨为材料,于花后15 d 对果实套袋,观察不同发育时期果实石细胞团分布,测定
石细胞、木质素及木质素中间代谢产物含量及木质素代谢相关酶活性,以期探讨套袋对梨石细胞发育和
果实品质的影响。结果表明：套袋后,砀山酥梨果实石细胞含量下降31.6%,石细胞团数量减少28.0%,
石细胞团直径减小45.8%。木质素含量下降13.9%,木质素含量与石细胞含量极显著正相关。梨果实发育
的整个时期,套袋果实中PAL、C4H、4CL 和CAD 活性受到抑制,木质素中间代谢产物肉桂酸、香豆酸、
咖啡酸和阿魏酸含量降低。套袋使木质素合成减少,石细胞发育受到阻碍。砀山酥梨果实木质素合成可
能主要是通过香豆酸途径。 相似文献
2.
周洲摘译 《柑桔与亚热带果树信息》2013,(7):79-80
据《Scientia Horticulturae》（2013.03.020）的一篇研究报道,来自安徽农业大学生命科学学院的金青等人研究了砀山酥梨石细胞木质素沉积及其结构特征。石细胞是影响梨果实品质的主要因素之一。石细胞是通过木质素在初生细胞壁上沉积,然 相似文献
3.
砀山酥梨不同发育时期套袋对石细胞发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以不同发育时期套袋处理的砀山酥梨为试材, 研究了果实石细胞团的密度、大小、含量、几种相关酶的活性变化及果实品质等。结果表明, 套袋后果实可滴定酸含量显著高于对照, 而可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖含量、单果质量及果实内石细胞含量等均低于对照; 果实内石细胞团的分布密度在幼果期较高,随着果实发育膨大密度渐低, 接近成熟前两个月左右趋于稳定, 石细胞团的纵径、横径是随着果实发育先增大后减小, 而后又稍有增大, 果实石细胞含量也是先增加后减少, 在盛花后49 d达到最大值。不同时期套袋的果实内苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶及多酚氧化酶的活性均低于对照, 其活性变化是在果实发育初期较高, 盛花后63～77 d处于低水平, 且缓慢下降, 这与果实内石细胞最终含量成正相关。 相似文献
4.
【目的】探究琯溪蜜柚果实汁胞粒化过程中木质素生物合成途径相关基因在果实发育过程中的表达特征，以揭示汁胞粒化过程中木质素合成的分子调控机制。【方法】选取2018年花后135、165、195、215 d 4个时期的琯溪蜜柚果实，测定汁胞粒化率及木质素含量以及分析转录组数据筛选到的木质素生物合成途径关键基因的差异表达和相关酶活性变化，并进行汁胞细胞壁木质素沉积的显微观察。【结果】在琯溪蜜柚花后195至215 d果实发育成熟期，木质素生物合成途径中CrPAL1、CrPAL3、CrC4H1、CrC4H2、Cr4CL、CrCCR3、CrCAD3、CrPOD2和CrPOD7等9个基因的表达量都显著增强，qRT-PCR验证结果与转录组数据一致。这期间果实汁胞粒化明显加速，木质素合成相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、肉桂酸-4-羟基化酶（C4H）、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶（4CL）、肉桂醇脱氢酶（CAD）、过氧化物酶（POD）的活性明显上升，木质素含量显著积累，番红染色显示木质素在蜜柚汁胞细胞壁中明显沉积。【结论】琯溪蜜柚木质素生物合成途径相关基因参与调控汁胞粒化过程中细胞壁木质素的合成。研究结果为今后琯溪... 相似文献
5.
梨果实发育过程中石细胞团及几种相关酶活性变化的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
以梨品种西子绿、菊水及砀山酥梨为试材,对不同发育时期梨果实石细胞团的密度、大小及几种相关酶的活性变化进行了研究。结果表明石细胞团的分布密度在幼果期较高,以后随着果实的发育和膨大,密度逐渐减小,接近成熟前1个月左右基本稳定;石细胞团的直径随果实的生长而逐渐变大;苯丙氨酸解氨酶在果实发育初期表现出较高的活性,随着果实的生长逐渐降低,花后75d后保持低水平不变;过氧化物酶活性高峰出现稍迟于苯丙氨酸解氨酶,高峰后呈现出下降的趋势;多酚氧化酶活性波动较大,总的变化趋势逐渐下降。品种间苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶活性与石细胞团的形成之间表现为正相关。 相似文献
6.
砀山酥梨果实石细胞与薄壁细胞发育关系的解剖学研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
以砀山酥梨为材料, 对梨果实发育过程中石细胞形成、石细胞团增大及薄壁细胞膨大过程进行解剖学研究。结果表明: 梨石细胞先由果肉细胞壁不均匀加厚, 进而形成厚壁细胞。石细胞形成始于花后15 d, 此后一周内形成大量石细胞; 花后23 d, 石细胞聚簇, 石细胞团大量出现, 石细胞团直径增大;花后67 d, 石细胞团直径最大, 此时薄壁细胞以长条状和椭球状两种方式膨大。梨果实发育过程中, 石细胞含量先上升后下降, 花后51 d, 石细胞含量达18.95% , 以后石细胞含量下降。石细胞含量的下降是由于果实生长和薄壁细胞膨大引起的相对下降。 相似文献
7.
8.
《中国果树》2021,(4)
为了研究游离钙离子对‘砀山酥’梨"铁头病"是否有缓解作用,在发病果园外施CaCl_2,同时在正常果园外施游离钙离子螯合剂(EGTA)抑制游离钙离子吸收,对不同处理下‘砀山酥’梨果实游离钙离子分布、含量、次生代谢及品质进行测定。结果表明:CaCl_2处理后"铁头病"发病率显著降低,果实游离钙离子含量显著提高,木质素含量和石细胞含量均显著降低,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(C4H)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)活性基本显著降低,果实品质得到明显改善;正常果园外施EGTA之后,果实各部位游离钙离子含量均低于正常果实,石细胞含量明显升高,木质素含量及PAL、4CL活性均显著高于正常果实,品质变劣。因此,‘砀山酥’梨"铁头病"可能是由于果实游离钙离子含量低,木质素沉积,石细胞大量合成导致,花期连续喷施2%CaCl_2溶液可降低"铁头病"对‘砀山酥’梨果实的影响。 相似文献
9.
‘砀山酥梨’褐皮芽变木质素含量及相关酶活性与CCoAOMT 表达量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨‘砀山酥梨’芽变品系‘锈酥’果皮褐色形成机理,采用分光光度法测定盛花后25、50、75、100、125、150和175 d果皮中木质素含量和相关酶活性变化;从构建的‘锈酥’正向SSH-cDNA文库中筛选出与木质素生物合成密切相关的CCoAOMT-EST,通过实时荧光定量PCR测定了‘砀山酥梨’和‘锈酥’果皮中CCoAOMT的相对表达量。结果表明：‘锈酥’果皮发育前期木质素增量较大,且木质素增量累计比‘砀山酥梨’高12.2%;‘砀山酥梨’和‘锈酥’果皮中PAL、4CL、CAD酶活性均在花后75 d达到最大值,而POD酶活性则在花后125 d出现高峰;二者果皮中4种酶活性变化趋势基本一致,但‘锈酥’果皮中均相对较高;‘锈酥’果皮中的PAL和4CL酶活性与木质素增量变化均呈显著正相关,而‘砀山酥梨’则未呈现出此规律;在果实生长发育各个时期,‘锈酥’果皮中CCoAOMT相对表达量均高于‘砀山酥梨’。因此推测,‘锈酥’果皮褐色形成与果皮中木质素积累及相关酶活性提高有关,果皮中CCoAOMT的增量表达是‘锈酥’果实褐皮形成的重要原因之一。 相似文献
10.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对19份石榴品种的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶谱进行分析,并利用系统聚类的方法,研究了19个品种间的亲缘关系。结果表明:19个品种的POD同工酶酶谱多态性较高,不同品种的酶带数目、相对迁移率及酶活性均有差异;19个石榴品种的POD同工酶酶谱共呈现12条酶带,其中1条酶带为所有种质共有的酶带;Rf为0.216的谱带为大青皮酸品种的特征谱带,Rf为0.113的酶带为大马牙甜石榴的特征谱带。POD同工酶聚类分析结果在阈值0.60处将19个品种分为5类,类群间遗传差异较大。 相似文献
11.
Yongping Cai Guoqing Li Jingquan Nie Yi Lin Fan Nie Jinyun Zhang Yiliu Xu 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Pear stone cell content is one of key determinants of fruit quality. Stone cells form by the deposition of lignin on primary cell walls, following secondary thickening of cell walls. Studies of the structure and metabolic pathway of pear lignin are rare. Stone cell and lignin content in the pulp of Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Dangshan Su were determined during fruit development. Lignin was extracted, purified and analyzed by ultraviolet (UV) light, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Intermediates of lignin biosynthesis were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that lignin content increases initially and decreases afterwards during fruit development, peaking twice at day 47 and day 63 after flowering. The lignin peaks precede both peaks of stone cell content (day 51 after flowering) and at the point at which sclereids reach their maximum diameter (day 67 after flowering). The milled wood lignin in pulp was identified as guaiacyl-syringyl-lignin by spectroscopic analyses. In the FTIR spectra, the peak intensity ratio of A1269/A1227 was 1.25. HPLC analyses detected cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, but not caffeic acid or ferulic acid. In conclusion, during pear fruit development, lignin is first biosynthesized, and subsequently deposited on cell walls to form stone cells and sclereids. The biosynthesis of guaiacyl-syringyl- lignin in pear pulp may involve a phenylpropane-type metabolic pathway from phenylalanine to cinnamic acid and acyl-CoA ester, as pear pulp lignin contains more guaiacyl units than syringyl units. 相似文献
12.
Abdolkarim Zarei Zabihollah Zamani Reza Fattahi Alireza Salami Amir Mousavi 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(3):242-258
To find out more about the biochemical aspects of seed-softness trait in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), some of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes as well as their products were evaluated in the various soft- and hard-seeded genotypes during fruit development. Results showed that peroxidase (POD) activity decreased in all studied genotypes during fruit growth, while increasing at the last stages only in the hard-seeded genotypes. Although laccase (LAC) activity did not show high differences during fruit ripening and in different genotypes, but its general trend was increasing. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity decreased during the fruit development and approximately diminished for the hard-seeded genotypes. All genotypes had lignin components in their seeds and amount of lignin increased during the growth season. Total phenolic decreased drastically and antioxidant capacity increased gradually showing an opposite trend and probable competitive effect for the same substrate during fruit development. Considerable differences that were observed in the POD activity at the last sampling stage, and higher activity that was observed in POD than LAC, may indicate that POD is more important for polymerization of lignin in the pomegranate seed and this enzyme might have some role in the development of seed softness trait in pomegranate. Also, this is the first report about lignin detection in the seeds of soft-seeded pomegranate genotypes, and represents a different mechanism (such as monolignol conformation in the final polymer) from lignin content for development of the soft-seeded pomegranate genotype. 相似文献
13.
W. Zhang N. S. Zhang J. J. Zhao Z. Y. Zhao L. X. Mei 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(5):539-549
Potassium (K) fertilization and antioxidant enzymes both positively influence plant growth and development. However, it is not known whether K treatment improves fruit development via increasing soluble sugar. In this study, K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom and was analyzed for ROS production and trehalose metabolism. The results show that K fertilization improved fruit firmness, increased growth according to several parameters, increased soluble sugar content, and decreased ROS production. The ascorbate metabolic pathway more effectively reduced ROS production than catalase and peroxidase (POD) did under K treatment. Trehalose-treated fruit also showed higher activity of ascorbate-related enzymes (DHAR, GR, and APX) compared with non-treated fruit. The changes of antioxidant enzyme activity in trehalose-treated fruit corresponded to those in K-treated fruit. Moreover, trehalase (TREH) activity in fruit was notably reduced by K treatment. This demonstrates that K influences ROS production via regulating trehalose content and TREH activity in fruit. This study provides new insight into the K mechanism which improves fruit development, including fruit firmness and size. 相似文献
14.
方位及冠层对核桃内果皮木质素形成及相关酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】明确核桃果实发育过程中不同光照强度对内果皮中木质素、相关酶活性影响的动态变化规律。【方法】以核桃品种’新新2号’为试验材料,研究了树冠不同方位、不同冠层对内果皮中木质素含量、相关酶活性的变化规律,并进行了相关性分析。【结果】在不同方位、不同冠层上,木质素含量随着核桃果实的生长发育呈持续增加趋势;PAL、POD酶活性强弱的排序依次为:南面上层>南面中层>南面下层>北面上层>北面中层>北面下层>中部上层>中部中层>中部下层;PPO酶活性强弱的排序依次为:北面下层>北面中层>北面上层>中部下层>中部中层>中部上层>南面下层>南面中层>南面上层。相关性分析表明,木质素含量与POD酶活性呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.808**),与PPO酶活性呈负相关。【结论】树冠南面和上层接受的光照强度最大,木质素含量最高,PAL、POD酶活性最强;PPO酶活性最低;木质素含量与POD酶活性呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.808**),表明光照强度诱导了核桃果实内果皮中木质素的积累及相关酶活性的增强。 相似文献
15.
16.
温度预处理对柑橘果实活性氧代谢相关酶的影响 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
以尾张温州蜜柑（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ ｕｎｓｈｉｕ Ｍａｒｃ．）和哈姆林甜橙（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｏｓｂｅｃｋ．）为试材，研究了不同温度预处理对果实呼吸速率、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、果皮相对电导率（ＲＥＣ）和木质素含量的影响。结果表明，２０℃预处理 ３ｄ的果实，在贮藏至 １００ ｄ时，呼吸速率、ＭＤＡ含量。果皮 ＲＥＣ均为最低。２０℃预处理果实在贮藏后期 ＳＯＤ与 ＣＡＴ能较好地协同作用清除 Ｏ２－·，果实受自由基伤害程度最小，果实衰老得以延缓。温度预处理引起的ＰＯＤ活性的上升可能与提高果皮木质素含量、加速受损伤油胞的迅速愈合有关，而贮藏后期 ＰＯＤ活性的上升可能与果实的衰老有关。 相似文献
17.
Sang-Hyun Lee Jin-Ho Choi Wol-Soo Kim Tae-Ho Han Yong-Seo Park Hirosi Gemma 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006
This study was carried out to investigate the cause of stone cell formation in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. ‘Niitaka’) flesh. Potted plants grown in a glass house were subjected to water stress conditions without irrigation for 30 days from 30 days before full bloom (BFB treatment), full bloom (FB treatment) and 30 days after full bloom (AFB treatment). Control plants were drip-irrigated daily maintaining a soil matrix potential around −40 ± 5 kPa. The formation of stone cells in pear flesh increased in the FB treatment and AFB treatment plants and this tendency was sustained until the harvest season. Root activity was investigated 60 days after full bloom (DAFB) and the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction potential, the formazan content and leaf water potential were investigated 30, 45, and 60 DAFB. Root activity decreased progressively due to the effect of water stress. Also, the Ca content in leaf and flesh was lower. The peroxidase activity was high in the flesh at the early stages of fruit growth and decreased at the late stages of fruit growth, and then a higher increase of peroxidase activity was observed in water-stressed fruit. The reduction in calcium content of leaf and fruit in plants under water stress may be related to the reduction of root activity and leaf water potential. The increase in peroxidase activity under water stress may be due to limited calcium absorption. Higher peroxidase activity may induce the accumulation of lignin in the cell wall and promote the formation of stone cells in pear flesh. We conclude that water stress condition during the early stages of fruit growth is one of several factors that determine the formation of stone cells in pear flesh. 相似文献
18.
以‘赞美’和‘珍珠香’核桃（Juglans regia L.）果实为试材,采用间苯三酚–HCl 法观察
了内果皮木质化过程,测定了其发育过程中木质素、纤维素和酚类物质含量以及相关酶活性的变化。结
果表明：两个品种核桃硬壳木质化始于6 月初,6 月中旬初步成型,7 月下旬完成。从硬壳木质化至坚果
采收,木质素、纤维素和酚类物质含量均呈逐渐升高趋势,但酚类物质含量在采前略有下降,POD 和PAL
活性均呈下降趋势,PPO 活性整体变化不大。相关分析表明,核桃硬壳分化期木质素含量与纤维素含量
极显著正相关,酚类物质含量与木质素含量极显著正相关,与纤维素含量显著正相关;POD 活性与木质
素、纤维素、酚类物质含量极显著负相关,与PAL 活性极显著正相关。 相似文献