共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 182 毫秒
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2006-2008年,对贵州地道中药材半夏害虫发生危害情况进行了调查.结果表明,半夏主要害虫有11种(类),分别为地上害虫7种,地下害虫4种.并根据害虫种类和发生情况提出了田间防治措施. 相似文献
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茄子和番茄是贵州省主要种植的蔬菜种类，虫害的发生严重影响了贵州省茄科蔬菜产业的发展。为明确贵州省茄子和番茄主要害虫种类及发生规律，于2019—2021年采用系统调查和田间普查方法对贵州代表性蔬菜种植区的主要茄子和番茄害虫种类和发生规律进行调查。结果表明：贵州茄子优势害虫为蚜虫、叶蝉、粉虱和叶甲，茄子害虫的危害高峰期主要集中在6月中旬至7月上旬；番茄优势害虫为蚜虫、蝽类和蓟马，番茄害虫的危害高峰期为7月中旬至8月初。研究结果明确了贵州省茄子和番茄害虫的种类和发生规律，可为后续贵州茄科蔬菜主要害虫预测预报及防治研究提供依据。 相似文献
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西宁北郊主要园林树种害虫发生危害情况的调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报告了西宁北郊主要园林树种的害虫种类及发生危害情况,调查13种主要树种发现28种害虫,分属5个目,18个科。将其中发生普遍且危害严重的8个优势种确定为防治对象。并针对园区害虫发生危害的特点提出了防治建议。 相似文献
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[目的]了解贵阳地区杨梅害虫发生种类危害情况,为杨梅生产及害虫防治提供依据.[方法]2010~2011年对贵阳地区杨梅害虫种类进行定点、定时系统调查和收集标样鉴定.[结果]贵阳地区杨梅主要害虫有21种,属昆虫纲的6目、16科,其中发生危害严重害虫3种,次重害虫3种,其他种类为危害轻.[结论]在生产中要针对不同害虫发生特点及危害特性,加强抚育管理,提高杨梅树体抗虫害能力,同时合理采用农业防治、生物防治、诱杀防治、药剂防治等综合防治技术措施,以确保杨梅产业健康持续发展. 相似文献
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马铃薯田地下害虫危害及药剂防治试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]为马铃薯田地下害虫的防治奠定基础。[方法]以郑薯5号为试验材料,选取有代表性的马铃薯田块3~5块,在收获时调查地下害虫种类及马铃薯的被害情况并研究8种供试药剂对马铃薯田地下害虫的防治效果。[结果]马铃薯田地下害虫种类主要有华北蝼蛄、金针虫、地老虎、网目拟地甲、蛴螬等,在春季主要以地老虎、金针虫、蝼蛄为主,分别占调查虫量的42.07%、20.73%、20.73%,蛴螬占10.98%,网目拟地甲占5.49%。在参试药剂中,用虫情指数和块茎被害率评价防治效果,10%吡虫啉WP对马铃薯田地下害虫防治效果较好。用虫情指数计算防治效果更能反映马铃薯实际被害的情况。[结论]吡虫啉是较为理想的马铃薯田地下害虫防治药剂。 相似文献
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Tewodros MULUGETA Jean-Baptiste MUHINYUZA Reinette GOUWS-MEYER Lerato MATSAUNYANE Erik ANDREASSON Erik ALEXANDERSSON 《农业科学学报》2020,19(2):406-427
This review provides a summary of botanicals and plant strengtheners that have potential uses for disease and pest management in potato and tomato cultivation in African. We discuss their possible use to prevent major diseases and pests which infest potato and tomato, such as early and late blight, bacterial wilt, potato tuber moth, and tomato leafminer. There are several examples of the successful uses of botanicals for pathogen and pest control relevant for different African climatic conditions; however, most of these studies have been conducted in vitro and often lack field verification. Plant strengtheners(substances that induce and improve crop resistance, yield, and quality) are little studied and used in Africa in comparison to North America and Europe. The possible benefits of using botanicals and plant strengtheners instead of conventional pesticides are discussed here in relation to human health and the environment as well as their modes of action and accessibility to farmers. Lack of knowledge of the composition and active ingredients of extracts, environmental concerns, uncertainties regarding stability and formulation, lack of legislation and limited support from governments, hamper the development of botanicals and plant strengtheners for use in sustainable African agriculture. 相似文献
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稻纵卷叶螟是水稻主要虫害,特别是二晚稻因其生育期较长,从秧田到收割都会受到为害,传统的农药防治方式已不能有效防治。为进一步探索不同农药防治二晚稻纵卷叶螟的防效、持效性和安全性,重点对不同剂量的速效性、持效性药剂的防效进行试验对比。结果表明,当遇到暴发性稻纵卷叶螟为害的时候,速效性配以持效性长的药剂一起施用,其防治效果会得到明显增强;在正常年份,建议选用药效持续时间长的有机或高效低毒农药。 相似文献
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XU Jin ZHU JieHua YANG YanLi TANG Hao Lü HePing FAN MingShou SHI Ying DONG DaoFeng WANG GuiJiang WANG WanXing XIONG XingYao GAO YuLin 《中国农业科学》2019,52(16):2800-2808
As the fourth important staple crop just after rice, maize and wheat, potato plays a crucial role in food security, poverty alleviation, cropping structure adjustment and transformation and updating of agriculture in China. The total harvested area and production of potato in China rank first in the world. However, the yield is much lower than the average level of the world due to a variety of diseases and insect pests of potato. With the support of National Key Research and Development Program of China, the major diseases and insect pests as well as pesticide use in potato production were surveyed in the six main production areas. Twenty-seven major potato pests were found in China. Six diseases (i.e. late blight, early blight, black scurf, Fusarium wilt, potato black leg and potato common scab) and six insect pests (i.e. wireworms, chafer grubs, aphids, twenty-eight spot lady beetle, potato tuber moth and thrips) were proposed to be listed as the most important management target in all the production areas. Moreover, more attention should be paid to prevent and control of bacterial wilt, ring rot and powdery scab. On the basis of census data, the average number of pesticide application and usage per unit area of potato in China were 17 and 40.03 kg·hm -2, which were higher than the national average level of 4.16 and 3.49 kg·hm -2. The control target of current registered pesticides did not cover many increasingly severe potato pests, such as bacterial wilt, common scab, powdery scab, and so on. Adoption and spread of integrated pest management (IPM) were proposed to be the most important strategy for reducing pesticide use and costs in potato production. To make scientific pest-management and pesticide reduction strategy, a potato pest early warning system should be developed based on rapid, sensitive and reliable detection and monitoring method. As host plant resistance is the economically feasible options for pests managing, it is important to improve potato resistant variety breeding and application, optimize variety layout. Development and promotion of high-efficient pesticide application technology and environmentally friendly alternatives to chemicals are the core drivers to realize chemical pesticide reduction. 相似文献
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中国马铃薯病虫害发生情况与农药使用现状 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
作为继水稻、玉米和小麦之后的第四大主粮作物,马铃薯在保障我国粮食安全、精准扶贫、种植业结构调整以及农业产业转型升级中发挥着至关重要的作用。我国马铃薯的种植面积和总产量均位居世界首位,但单产水平因病虫害等瓶颈因素的制约低于世界平均水平。在国家重点研发项目的资助下,项目组在马铃薯六大优势产区开展了有害生物疫情监测和农药使用现状普查工作。明确了我国马铃薯生产上的主要病虫害共计27种,提出以晚疫病、早疫病、黑痣病、枯萎病、黑胫病、疮痂病、金针虫、蛴螬、二十八星瓢虫、马铃薯块茎蛾、蚜虫、蓟马等“六病六虫”为重点防控对象,根据各区域情况兼顾青枯病、环腐病、黄萎病、粉痂病等病虫害的防控。探明了我国马铃薯单位面积农药施用次数和施用量分别为17次和40.03 kg·hm -2,高于全国平均水平的4.16次和3.49 kg·hm -2。马铃薯现有农药登记产品防治对象的覆盖范围严重不足,青枯病、疮痂病、粉痂病等重要病虫害面临无登记农药可用的窘境。在农药减施策略方面,提出践行有害生物综合治理方针。建立马铃薯病虫害监测预警和早期精确诊断技术体系,为制定科学防控策略,适时精准施药奠定基础。选育推广抗病、虫品种,优化品种布局。适时播种、合理间套作,从时空两个维度阻隔规避马铃薯有害生物的侵染。种薯源头管控,完善种薯认证监管体系。扩大合格脱毒种薯的应用面积,大力推广种薯处理技术。研发推广化学农药高效施用技术与绿色防控替代技术是实现马铃薯化学农药减施的核心驱动。 相似文献