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1.
DNA分子标记早期快速鉴别芦笋雌雄株 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在相同的生长条件下,芦笋雄株产量比雌株高出25%以上.但芦笋从播种到开花大约需要2年时间,早期难以直接区分芦笋的性别,通过芦笋雌雄株早期快速鉴定,有利于芦笋杂交制种的亲本选择,缩短育种年限,随着DNA分子标记技术的发展,利用性别连锁标记在苗期进行芦笋性别鉴定成为可能.本研究构建了芦笋两性株S1群体共108株以及雌雄株DNA池,利用与芦笋性别决定基因紧密连锁的DNA分子标记Aspl-T7对雄性DNA池和雌性DNA池进行多态性分析,结果表明STS标记Aspl-T7在雄性DNA池与雌性DNA池间具有多态性,可以用来对芦笋两性株S1群体进行性别辅助选择.利用Aspl-T7检测芦笋两性株S1群体,检测结果为雌性(mm)30株,雄性(MM、Mm)78株,卡平方测验结果验证了芦笋性别是由一对等位基因控制,表现出3∶1的分离比例(χc2=0.3086＜χ20.05=3.84).田间性别调查验证和分析结果显示,Aspl-T7可以早期快速有效的鉴别芦笋雌株和雄株. 相似文献
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红花草莓红花基因RAPD标记转化为SCAR标记 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红花草莓不但具有经济价值,还具有很高的观赏价值。本研究将3个与红花基因连锁的RAPD标记即AW65679（1031bp）、S484（620bp）与S1383（500bp）进行了克隆与核苷酸测序,并根据测序结果设计4对SCAR引物,将这4对引物对红花草莓品种粉红熊猫、白花草莓品种鬼怒甘及它们的杂交后代进行PCR扩增程序优化和鉴定,筛选出一对SCAR引物可扩增出与红花基因连锁的特异片段AW65679（1038bp）,这就是与红花基因连锁的SCAR标记。SCAR标记因其稳定性好,重复性高将为草莓分子育种开辟一条新的有效途径。 相似文献
4.
《分子植物育种》2016,(7)
为揭示苦瓜雌雄花芽基因组间的分子差异,参照BSA法原理,构建了普通苦瓜雌雄花芽的DNA池和不同性型苦瓜雌雄花芽的DNA池,从26对SSR引物和30对SRAP引物中筛选特异引物对这些基因池进行差异性扩增。分析结果发现,两种标记分别筛选得到9对SRAP特异引物和8对SSR特异引物,引物有效率为30%和30.8%。苦瓜雌花芽和雄花芽DNA序列存在差异,SSR标记在分析普通苦瓜花芽DNA池和不同性型苦瓜花芽的DNA池时,多态性比率分别是10.7%和22.5%,SRAP的多态性比率则是7.4%和24.7%。SRAP扩增的雌性花芽的特异条带数较多,SSR分析雌雄花芽却只扩增出雄花芽的特异条带。但这些条带是否与性别表达基因紧密连锁,还需利用不同苦瓜的雌雄花芽DNA进行验证。这一研究结果为揭示苦瓜性别表达的分子机理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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利用多元回归分析鉴定与白桦纤维长度性状相关的分子标记 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对天然白桦群体583株个体纤维长度测定，选取其中有代表性的100株个体，利用随机扩增多态性DNA标记（random amplification polymorphism DNA，RAPD）技术对其基因组差异分析，通过扩增条带与性状表现间的多元回归分析，筛选出与白桦纤维长度显著相关的分子标记。经过20个RAPD引物筛选，有6个引物的7个片段与纤维长度显著相关，其中片段“BFL”与纤维长度的相关系数为0．401，相关性达到5％的显著水平。对此片段进行克隆、测序后，成功转化成与长纤维性状相关的序列特征化扩增区域（sequence characterized amplified region,SCAR）标记，此标记对长纤维白桦的鉴定效率达80％。 相似文献
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以8077s与抗感的籼稻品种丰35亲本及杂交后自交所得的F2群体为材料，采用群分法（Bulked Segregant Analysis, BSA），从210个10mer随机引物，找到两个水稻苯达松敏感池和抗感池之间表现多态性的特异引物——S20和S316，分别产生的标记片段为S20-440和S316-590。它们与bel基因的连锁距离分别为12.132 cM和7.97 cM。对RAPD扩增标记的片段进行克隆、测序，根据测序结果合成两对特异性的SCAR引物，包含原有的RAPD序列。SC01引物在敏感单株中扩增出一条423 bp带；SC02引物在敏感单株中扩增出一条606 bp带，它们的SCAR标记与bel基因的连锁距离为10.66 cM和7.04 cM。应用SCAR标记对水稻恢复系进行了辅助选育。 相似文献
7.
石刁柏性别表现与同工酶的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对石刁柏（ＡｓｐａｒａｇｕｓｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓＬ．）雌雄植株不同器官及不同组织的过氧化物酶同工酶谱进行了研究，结果表明，除根部外，尽管鳞片、茎尖、拟叶等器官酶谱有明显差异，但雌雄株间差异有相同的趋势。雄株均比相应的雌株少一条酶带，雌雄植株组织培养获得的愈伤组织和茎尖过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱差异也有类似的规律。说明石刁柏性别差异与过氧化物酶同工酶的数目有关，过氧化物酶同工酶谱的差异可以作为性别鉴定的指标。 相似文献
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以辣椒细胞质雄性不育系21A及其保持系21B的线粒体DNA为材料进行SRAP分析,结果表明,从128对引物扩增获得了1 440条100～1 000 bp的条带,多态性位点仅有9个,占0.63%,其中7条多态性条带位于21A中;对多态性条带回收、克隆和测序分析后发现,9个克隆在GenBank中找到了相似的功能,绝大部分与能量代谢有关;利用21A中的多态性序列特点设计SCAR引物,对21A和21B的基因组DNA进行扩增验证,3对引物在21A中扩增出目的条带,表明已成功地将SRAP标记转化为SCAR标记,是新发现的与辣椒细胞质雄性不育基因相关的片段。 相似文献
10.
为了明确大麻雌雄株之间的差异及为大麻全雌、全雄、雌雄同株育种提供理论依据,本试验以‘火麻一号’、‘汉麻5号’和‘汉麻2号’为试验材料,分析了大麻雌雄株之间原茎产量和农艺性状的差异及其相关性。结果表明,雌株的原茎产量比雄株高出18.18%~24.56%,差异显著;雄株的株高和节数分别比雌株高出了3.08~5.86 cm、0.28~1.92节,株高差异显著;雌株的茎粗和穗长分别比雄株高出了0.05~0.08 cm、3.35~4.90 cm,穗长差异显著;雌株的根长略高于雄株,而雄株的工艺长度比雌株高出了3.26%~5.55%,差异显著;雌株的茎干重、根干重分别比雄株高出了22.16%~27.06%、21.97%~31.91%,茎干重差异显著;雌雄株的节数、穗长及叶干重与雌雄株单株的原茎重呈负相关关系,雌雄株的株高、茎粗、根长、工艺长度及根干重与雌雄株单株的原茎重呈正相关关系。纤用工业大麻高产栽培技术及高产育种要以雌雄株比值小,叶少、节数少、穗短、株高和茎粗适中、工艺长度长、根干重及单株原茎重大作为主要目标。 相似文献
11.
Novel male-specific molecular markers (MADC5, MADC6) in hemp 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Ottó Törjék Nándor Bucherna Erzsébet Kiss Hajnalka Homoki Zsuzsanna Finta-Korpelová Iván Bócsa István Nagy László E. Heszky 《Euphytica》2002,127(2):209-218
Decamer RAPD primers were tested on dioecious and monoecious hemp cultivars to identify sex-specific molecular markers. Two
primers (OPD05 and UBC354) generated specific bands in male plants. These two DNA fragments were isolated, cloned and sequenced.
Both markers proved to be unique, since no sequence with significant homology to OPD05961 and UBC354151 markers were found in databases. These markers were named MADC3 (OPD05961) and MADC4 (UBC354151) (Male-Associated DNA from Cannabis sativa). The markers were converted into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The SCAR markers correlated with
the sex of the segregating F2 population and proved the tight linkage to the male phenotype. Results of F2 plant population analysis suggest these markers are to be linked to the Y chromosome.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Liqin Liao Jun Liu Yanxia Dai Qian Li Ming Xie Qijiong Chen Huaqun Yin Guanzhou Qiu Xueduan Liu 《Euphytica》2009,169(1):49-55
There is an urgent need for early sex identification to support field planting in Ginkgo biloba L., due to the different economic and medicinal values between male and female trees. An easy, rapid and reliable molecular
method for sex type determination of G. biloba was reported in the paper. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR)
were used to search for specific molecular markers linked to the sex locus. A total of 48 primers were used for screening of specific RAPD markers in six male and three female samples. Only one primer,
S10, showed different amplification band patterns associated with sex types. Then the sex-specific bands, S10-BandA and S10-BandB,
were cloned and sequenced. Based on the sequences two pairs of SCAR primers, GBA and GBB, were designed. The GBA primers amplify
a single 571 bp band in male samples but not in female samples, and DNA amplification using GBB primers could generate a 688 bp
band only in the female individuals. Finally, the SCAR primers were used to test 16 sex-unknown samples. SCAR primers developed
in this paper can be used as effective, convenient and reliable molecular markers for sex identification in G. biloba. 相似文献
13.
RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the sex expression locus M in asparagus 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Bulk segregant analysis (BSA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR)
methods were used to map molecular markers to the sex locus M of asparagus. Two parents, A19 (male, Mm) and MW25 (female,
mm), and 63 progeny were used for the study. Two DNA bulks, one male and one female, were made by pooling equal amounts of
DNA from 10 randomly selected progeny of each sex type. A total of 760 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primers were used
for RAPD analysis. Primer OPC15 produced two RAPD markers, OPC15-98 and OPC15-30, both of which were linked to the M locus
at a distance of 1.6 cM. Subsequently, amplified RAPD fragment OPC15-98 was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was then used
to design flanking 24-mer oligonucleotide SCAR primers SCC15-1 and SCC15-2. Both of these SCAR primers amplified a single
980 bp fragment; the same size as the cloned RAPD fragment. However, the SCAR marker was dominant as was the original OPC15-98
band from which it was derived. These RAPD and SCAR markers could be used for scoring male and female progeny in the mapping
population, but were not found to be applicable to other asparagus germplasm studied.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The sexual differentiation of Cannabis sativa L.: A morphological and molecular study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. M. Cristiana Moliterni Luigi Cattivelli P. Ranalli Giuseppe Mandolino 《Euphytica》2004,140(1-2):95-106
Summary Cannabis sativa L. is a dioecious species with sexual dimorphism occurring in a late stage of plant development. Sex is determined by heteromorphic chromosomes (X and Y): male is the heterogametic sex (XY) and female is the homogametic one (XX). The sexual phenotype of Cannabis often shows some flexibility leading to the differentiation of hermaphrodite flowers or bisexual inflorescences (monoecious phenotype). Sex is considered an important trait for hemp genetic improvement; therefore, the study of the mechanism of sexual differentiation is of paramount interest in hemp research. A morphological and molecular study of Cannabis sativa sexual differentiation has been carried out in the Italian dioecious cultivar Fibranova.Microscopic analysis of male and female apices revealed that their reproductive commitment may occur as soon as the leaves of the fourth node emerge; the genetic expression of male and female apices at this stage has been compared by cDNA-AFLP. A rapid method for the early sex discrimination has been developed, based on the PCR amplification of a male-specific SCAR marker directly from a tissue fragment.Five of the several cDNA-AFLP polymorphic fragments identified have been confirmed to be differentially expressed in male and female apices at the fourth node. Cloning and sequencing revealed that they belong to nine different mRNAs that were all induced in the female apices at this stage. Four out of them showed a high degree of similarity with known sequences: a putative permease, a SMT3-like protein, a putative kinesin and a RAC-GTP binding protein. 相似文献
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Sex identification in Pistacia species during the long juvenile stage is an economically desirable objective. Due to the lack of morphological methods to
identify sex at this stage, the application of molecular markers is expected to facilitate breeding programs. The aim of our
study was to identify a marker closely linked to sex loci in Pistacia
atlantica Desf subsp. mutica, P. khinjuk, and P. vera subsp. Sarakhs. Samples were collected from both male and female plants of each species, and their band patterns were analyzed according
to the presence or absence of specific bands. Thirty random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and a pair of sequence
characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were tested as potential markers of sex in wild Pistacia species. Among the RAPD primers, only BC1200 was found to amplify a specific sex band present in female plants. Based on our analysis of all individual samples, a fragment
of approximately 300 bp was amplified in female trees but absent in male ones. Although sex determination mechanisms in Pistacia are still unknown, they may be controlled by a single locus that acts as a trigger. The SCAR technique has proved to be a
reliable technique in gender determination of pistachio genotypes at the seedling phenophase. This method could reduce both
the time and costs associated with breeding programs. 相似文献
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Hemp (Cannabis sativa) has a highly variable sexual phenotype. In dioecious hemp, the sex is controlled by heteromorphic sex chromosomes according to an X-to-autosomes equilibrium. However, in monoecious hemp, the sex determinism remains widely unknown and has never been related to a quantitative approach of sex expression. The present paper aims to contribute to the comprehension of the sex determinism in monoecious hemp by assessing the genotypic variability of its sex expression and establishing its sex chromosomes. Five monoecious and one dioecious cultivars were grown in controlled conditions under several photoperiods. The monoecy degree of 194 monoecious plants was recorded at each node by a figure ranging from 0 (male flowers only) to 6 (female flowers only). The genome size of 55 plants was determined by flow cytometry. The DNA of 115 monoecious plants was screened with the male-associated marker MADC2. The monoecy degree varied significantly among monoecious cultivars from 3.36 ± 2.28 in ‘Uso 31’ to 5.70 ± 0.81 in the most feminised ‘Epsilon 68’. The variation of monoecy degree among cultivars remained consistent across trials despite a significant “cultivar × trial” interaction and partly agreed with their earliness. The genome size of monoecious plants (1.791 ± 0.017 pg) was not different from that of females (1.789 ± 0.019 pg) but significantly lower than that of males (1.835 ± 0.019 pg). MADC2 was absent from all monoecious plants. These results strongly support that cultivars of monoecious hemp have the XX constitution and that their sex expression has a genetic basis. 相似文献
18.
Flowering phenology and sexual dimorphism are two major features that affect stem and seed production in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a short-day naturally dioecious plant. The sowing time is of primary importance because it affects flowering time and thereby influences stem yield. In spite of their unstable sexual phenotype, monoecious cultivars facilitate the harvest of both stems and seeds by reducing crop heterogeneity. The main objective of this paper was to determine the stem and seed yields for five monoecious hemp cultivars in relation to their flowering phenology and sex expression. Sowing was carried out on five distinct dates during 2007 and 2008 at two sites in Belgium. The duration from sowing to flowering in days, both stem and seed yields and the seed harvest index decreased when sowing was postponed from mid-April to the end of June. The stem and seed yields from the mid-April sowing (approximately 12.5 and 1.9 t ha−1, respectively) were within the ranges that were reported for fibre and both fibre and seeds production, respectively, in monoecious hemp. No interaction was observed between the sowing date and cultivar for both yields. Sex expression varied among cultivars, indicating that it might be selected, and was partly linked to earliness. Stem yields were lowest in the earliest cultivar (Uso 31) and highest in the latest one (Epsilon 68) while seed yields were lowest in the most masculinized and earliest cultivar (Uso 31) and highest in the most feminized and early (Fedora 17) or mid-early (Felina 32) ones. Both stem and seed yields correlated best with the duration from sowing to full female flowering or from sowing to the end of male flowering.According to our results, harvesting the seeds in addition to the stems in monoecious hemp requires early sowing and the selection of feminized early or mid-early cultivars, earliness depending on the climatic conditions in the cultivation area. Therefore, it might be agriculturally valuable to take sex expression into account in addition to earliness during the selection of cultivars that are adapted to a dual purpose. 相似文献
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Rs1046AB is a dominant genic male sterility (DGMS) line in rapeseed, in which the sterility has always been thought to be conditioned by the interaction of a male sterility gene ( Ms ) and its non-allelic restorer gene ( Rf ). This system provides not only a tool for assisting in recurrent selection but also a promising system for hybrid production. Based on previous studies, two amplified fragment length polymorphism markers linked with the Ms gene were converted into a dominant and a co-dominant sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, respectively. The putative linear order relationship of three dominant SCAR markers with the same genetic distance from the Rf gene, was also determined by an examination of whether the homologues of these markers are present or not in different lines carrying Rf . A bigger fragment generated by the closest marker linked to the Rf gene was observed in all lines carrying the recessive allele rf , suggesting that this marker is a co-dominant marker, which was further confirmed by nucleotide sequence comparison of these fragments. SCAR markers specific for Ms and Rf will be especially valuable in marker-assisted DGMS three-line breeding. 相似文献