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棉花核雄性不育系的培育与利用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为促进棉花核雄性不育杂交种在在生产上大面积应用,对棉花核雄性不育系的类型、培育与利用、杂交种生产方法等进行了综述。介绍17种棉花核雄性不育系的基因类型及其不育性遗传,通过采用自然突变体的选择、人工诱变、人工转育和改良、生物技术创造等方法培育核雄性不育系,应用于棉花育种研究,中国选育出利用ms14和ms5ms6的核雄性不育杂交种28个,杂交制种技术方法和标记不育系的研究进展为高效简化的杂交制种技术提供支撑。分析指出棉花核雄性不育系的应用前景较好,提出核雄性不育杂交种扩大应用的技术关键是要在标记不育系的研究和创造方面取得突破,在当前核不育杂交种制种中采取不拔除可育株、标记后人工辅助去雄可节约制种用工而不降低制种产量。 相似文献
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@@实践证明,农业的出路应以种子为先。种子生产在农民增收、农业增效中起着至关重要的作用。尤其是杂交种纯度的高低,直接影响杂种优势的大小和种子的增产潜力。总结近几年来杂交油菜种子选育、生产、应用的资料和经验,油菜具有较强的杂种优势,且在应用中发挥着较大的增产潜力。20世纪80年代末,随着“波力玛”胞质不育系的发现及投入应用,使我国油菜生产水平发生了根本性的变化,20世纪末我国杂交油菜是以胞质不育杂交种应用为主,进入新世纪以来据有关资料显示,胞质不育杂交种在新品种选育中所占的比重已降到50%左右。究其原因,除其他因素外,胞质不育三系杂交种在生产过程中,不育系易产生微量花粉,从而降低种子纯度,给种业带来较大的潜在风险应该是主因。近几年来,本课题组针对克服三系杂交油菜制种不育系在初花期容易产生微量花粉等技术难题做了系统的探索研究,形成了以下几项比较成熟的技术措施。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2021,19(17):5740-5745
利用SSR标记技术和I_2-KI染色法指导大豆杂交种的选育。针对大豆杂交种的育种特点,以课题组的不育系与恢复系为材料,用SSR分子标记技术,筛选出20对SSR标记,呈现出多态性,用20对SSR标记对不育系JLSXCMS1,恢复系中119-99及两者的杂交组合JLSXCMS1×中119-99 (定名为优势豆-A-5)进行亲子鉴定研究,鉴定制种生产的杂交种是否为真杂交种;用I_2-KI染色法对杂交组合JLSXCMS1×中119-99的F_1育性表现进行研究,检验是否符合"三系"大豆杂交种育性要求,保证杂交种正常结实,保证杂交种达到大豆杂交种种子质量标准。结果表明,14对SSR标记对不育系JLSXCMS1,恢复系中119-99具有多态性,优势豆-A-5的带型在9对SSR标记位点均为亲本JLSXCMS1和中119-99的互补带型,9对SSR标记为优势豆-A-5的亲子鉴定标记;花期花粉育性用I_2-KI染色法镜检,JLSXCMS1不育系通过多代回交育成,2010、2011、2012年镜检花粉平均败育率为99.999 2%,成熟期植株表现全部不育。优势豆-A-5可育花粉占花粉总数为48.0%～61.4%,成熟期植株全部正常结实。在SSR标记及F_1花粉育性鉴定技术指导下,育成杂交种优势豆-A-5,2019年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定(晋审豆20190002)。 相似文献
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为了进一步提高玉米种子纯度,减少农民制种成本,增加农民制种收入,本研究利用胞质不育杂交种在制种隔离区,得到了较好的经济和社会效益。目前已将生产上应用的骨干自交系转育成稳定的不育系;在高纬度北方生长季节和低纬度海南进行了多年不育系生物学特性观察鉴定和配合力测定;在北方和海南完成了不育系及其杂交种不育性稳定性鉴定评价研究,为该技术在全国范围内推广应用打下良好的基础。 相似文献
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杂交水稻种子生产是优质品种推广的关键,制种是种子生产中最为重要的环节。制种产量受到环境、父母本花期和花时等因素的影响。在适宜环境和父母本花期相遇的前提下,花时则是影响制种产量的关键。为了研究以茉莉酸甲酯为主要成分的一种新型开颖促进剂在杂交水稻大田制种应用中的效果,以 4 种制种杂交稻不育系母本为试验材料,根据亲本特点,前期喷施赤霉素结合抽穗期喷施开颖促进剂,对不育系花时、开颖数量、结实率和产量进行分析。结果表明：此开颖促进剂在籼稻两系不育系和三系不育系以及粳稻三系不育系的制种中,能够有效提前花时,提高颖花开放数量,促进集中开花,在不影响
杂交种质量的前提下通过提高不育系的结实率,显著提升制种产量,采用无人机进行大规模商业制种,其产量提升效果明显。 相似文献
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部分高粱转换系与不同高粱细胞质的育性反应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用部分高粱转换系与具相同核背景不同细胞质的高粱不育系杂交,调查F_1代植株花粉育性和主要农艺性状,结果表明4种细胞质之间育性反应存在着明显的差异,A_1与A_2型细胞质之间差异较小;A_1、A_2与A_3、A_4型之间差异较大。A_1和A_2型细胞质与部分高粱转换系杂交F_1代的自交结实率之间的相关达极显著水准。A_2、A_3型细胞质对F_1代主要农艺性状的影响与A_1型对这些性状的影响无显著差异。A_2型细胞质可以在高粱杂交种生产中加以利用。A_3型细胞质与前两种细胞质的育性反应截然不同。找到了A_3型细胞质的恢复源和能同时恢复A_1、A_2、A_3型细胞质的材料。初步确定了能够鉴定高粱4种不同细胞质的鉴定系。通过对同核异质,异核同质育性反应的研究,表明4种细胞质完全不同,细胞质对育性反应起着决定性的作用,育性反应不因核背景的改变而发生显著变化,不同细胞质育性恢复机制不同。 相似文献
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烤烟胞质雄性不育杂种经济性状的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确烤烟胞质雄性不育系在杂种优势利用上应用潜力,以3个烤烟胞质雄性不育系和4个国内推广烤烟品种为材料,配成12个杂种,利用简单加性-显性遗传模型对烤烟产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例、上中等烟比例和级指经济性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明,6个经济性状均有较高的广义遗传率和较低的狭义遗传率,它们的表型变异主要决定于遗传变异;6个经济性状的主要遗传效应为显性主效应和显性×环境互作效应,显性效应明显高于加性效应;在经济性状上显性效应大的亲本,其杂种F1中也同样表现出较高的显性效应,因而具有较大的杂种优势利用潜力。遗传分析显示了新选育的三个烤烟雄性不育系,MsYZ203-6、MsYZ216-1和MsYZ206-9在经济性状的杂种优势利用上具有较大的应用价值。 相似文献
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T. Pradeepkumar J. S. Minimol Deepu Mathew K. Veni C. Varun Roch P. G. Chithira Rajeshwary Unni 《Euphytica》2018,214(9):159
Cytoplasmic male sterile system in ridge gourd has been converted to cytoplasmic genetic male sterile (CGMS) system through the development of analogues of male sterile (MS) line, maintainer line and fertility restorer line. These lines were developed by crossing the MS mutant, regenerated through in vitro culture, with monoecious pollen parents Deepthi, Haritham, LA 101, CO 2, IC 92761 and IC 92685. All hybrids and the BC1 generation developed by crossing with the recurring pollen parents Deepthi, Haritham and LA 101 were male sterile. Male sterile BC1 plants have been advanced to BC6 generation and the parental line LA 101 was proved to be a successful maintainer line, producing male sterile progeny in successive back cross generations. Analogue of cytoplasmic male sterile line, MS LA 101, was developed through back crossing and on crossing with fertility restorer lines Arka Sumeet and LA 102, this line excelled as female parent, resulting heterotic combinations. Mitochondrial marker rpS14 and SCAR Tm-53 were identified to yield male sterility specific markers whereas SSR marker 18956 has generated the male fertility specific marker. These primers are recommended for marker assisted selection of ridge gourd, for utilizing male sterility for hybrid seed production and for developing A, B and C lines in CGMS system. 相似文献
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Anther culture was applied as a method to develop the essential components of a cytoplasmic male sterility hybrid system in
rye (Secale cereale L.). These components are the male sterile seed parent (A line), its isogenic maintainer counterpart (B
line) and the restorer pollen parent (R line). Australian rye cultivars were crossed reciprocally to the cultivar ‘Luchs’
which carries the Pampa male sterile cytoplasm (cms-P). Anthers of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm (primary cross) and their
reciprocals in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) were cultured in a modified C17 medium. Male sterile and male fertile
doubled haploids were obtained from the anther culture of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm. Testcrosses indicated that the male
sterile doubled haploids were A lines and the male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers). The anther culture of
genotypes in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) gave all male fertile doubled haploids. Testcrosses indicated that the
male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers) in the normal cytoplasm. The expected maintainer B lines were not identified
because of the limited number of doubled haploids obtained from the anther culture of reciprocal crosses. Experimental single
cross hybrids between male sterile and restorer male fertile doubled haploids showed high levels of heterosis. The results
of this study have significant economic implications especially in the production of hybrids in several species.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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For commercial development of hybrids the four pre-requisites are; availability of perfect male-sterility system, efficient
mass pollen transfer mechanism, hybrid vigor, and the large scale seed production of hybrids for commercialization. The type
of male-sterility governs the acceptance of hybrids by farmers. Genetic male-sterility (GMS) system was not accepted by farmers
due to the economics of large scale seed production. The major drawback was rouging of fertile counterpart from the female
plot, which was time consuming and labor intensive. Cytoplasmic-genic male-sterility (CMS) system usually was a better option
for large scale seed production. Hybrid vigor has been utilized in some cereal and vegetable crops. Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) displays considerable natural out-crossing and now CMS lines are available with different cytoplasmic backgrounds. This
mini-review reports the research on development of CMS lines and CMS-based hybrids in pigeonpea. 相似文献
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Hybrid rye breeding and seed production relies on the cytoplasmic male sterility‐inducing Pampa (P)‐Cytoplasm. High levels of restoration were recently found in non‐adapted rye accessions from Argentina (Pico Gentario, Pastoreo Massaux) and Iran (IRAN IX). To analyse their relative superiority, five seed‐parent lines in P cytoplasm were crossed with five inbred lines of these sources and four adapted restorer lines. The 45 F1 hybrids were tested for male‐fertility restoration in three locations. Significant (P = 0.01) general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA respectively) for male‐fertility restoration were found. The non‐adapted restorer lines were able to restore all seed‐parent lines similarly, resulting in hybrids with 55‐90% pollen shedding (mean 78%) compared with 2‐74% pollen shedding (mean 44%) when adapted restorer lines were used. Significant (P = 0.05) SCA effects were detected in 11 of 45 combinations, nine of them were crosses with adapted pollinator lines. Non‐adapted restorer lines showed a high phenotypic stability of male‐fertility restoration across locations. Introgression of these exotic sources into the adapted restorer gene pool by repeated backcrossing should result in environmentally stable male fertility in Pampa‐based rye hybrids. 相似文献
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棉花细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的定位及分子标记辅助育种研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
棉花细胞质雄性不育系统在实现棉花杂交种子大规模生产和培育高产、优质、抗逆等棉花新品种中具有重要的应用价值,而恢复系的好坏对细胞质雄性不育系杂交种的选育的利用起着举足轻重的作用。因此,培育优良恢复系至关重要。主要介绍了棉花细胞质雄性不育系、恢复系的类型,综述了棉花细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的遗传方式和遗传定位研究进展,讨论了恢复基因的精细定位和分子标记鉴定在分子标记辅助育种中的意义和应用前景,并针对目前存在的问题提出相应对策。 相似文献
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Summary Several hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima and their backcrosses with O. sativa were studied. Their seed sterility was very different; large differences were also observed in the level of pollen sterility and in the earliness of microspore failure. The proportion of aborted embryo sacs was much lower than the rate of sterile male gametophytes. The backcross populations were much more sterile than the corresponding F1 hybrids. On the base of our observations and according to the literature, we may conclude that genic unbalance is the main cause of sterility of these hybrids, but that physiological factors may also be involved. Thus a restoration of fertility is generally possible by selection. On the other hand, male-sterile lines could be bred from some of these hybrids. 相似文献