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1.
Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Wheat Landraces from Oman Investigated with SSR Markers 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
P. Zhang S. Dreisigacker A. Buerkert S. Alkhanjari A. E. Melchinger M. L. Warburton 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1351-1360
Little is known about genetic diversity and geographic origin of wheat landraces from Oman, an ancient area of wheat cultivation.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic relationships and levels of diversity of six wheat landraces
collected in Oman with a set of 30 evenly distributed SSR markers. The total gene diversity, (HT), conserved in the three durum wheat (Triticum durum desf.) landraces (HT = 0.46) was higher than in the three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces (HT = 0.37), which were similar to Turkish and Mexican bread wheat landraces calculated in previous studies. Genetic variation
partitioning (GST) showed that variation was mainly distributed within rather than among the durum (GST = 0.30) and bread wheat (GST = 0.19) landraces. Based on modified Rogers’ distance (MRD), the durum and bread wheat landraces were distinct from each
other except for a few individuals according to principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). One bread wheat landrace (Greda) was
separated into two distinct sub-populations. A joint cluster analysis with other landraces of worldwide origin revealed that
Omani bread wheat landraces were different from other landraces. However, two landraces from Pakistan were grouped somewhat
closer to Omani landraces indicating a possible, previously unknown relationship. Implications of these results for future
wheat landrace collection, evaluation and conservation are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Hamid Khazaei Shahram-D. Mohammady Maria Zaharieva Philippe Monneveux 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(1):105-114
Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as physiological criterion to select C3 crops for yield and water use efficiency. The relationships between carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), water use efficiency
for grain and biomass production (WUEG and WUEB, respectively) and plant and leaf traits were examined in 20 Iranian wheat genotypes including einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) accessions, durum wheat (T. turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) landraces and bread wheat (T. aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) landraces and improved cultivars, grown in pots under well-watered conditions. Carbon isotope discrimination was higher
in diploid than in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats and was negatively associated with grain yield across species as well as
within bread wheat. It was also positively correlated to stomatal frequency. The highest WUEG and grain yield were noted in bread wheat and the lowest in einkorn wheat. Einkorn and bread wheat had higher WUEB and biomass than durum wheat. WUEG and WUEB were significantly negatively associated to Δ across species as well as within bread and durum wheat. The variation for WUEG was mainly driven by the variation for harvest index across species and by the variation for Δ within species. The quantity
of water extracted by the crop, that was closely correlated to root mass, poorly influenced WUEG. Environmental conditions and genetic variation for water use efficiency related traits appear to highly determine the relationships
between WUEG and its different components (water consumed, transpiration efficiency and carbon partitioning). 相似文献
3.
Nidhi Rawat Vijay K. Tiwari Neelam Singh Gursharn S. Randhawa Kuldeep Singh Parveen Chhuneja Harcharan S. Dhaliwal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(1):53-64
Grains of 80 accessions of nine species of wild Triticum and Aegilops along with 15 semi-dwarf cultivars of bread and durum wheat grown over 2 years at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee,
were analyzed for grain iron and zinc content. The bread and durum cultivars had very low content and little variability for
both of these micronutrients. The related non-progenitor wild species with S, U and M genomes showed up to 3–4 folds higher
iron and zinc content in their grains as compared to bread and durum wheat. For confirmation, two Ae. kotschyi Boiss. accessions were analyzed after ashing and were found to have more than 30% higher grain ash content than the wheat
cultivars containing more than 75% higher iron and 60% higher zinc than that of wheat. There were highly significant differences
for iron and zinc contents among various cultivars and wild relatives over both the years with very high broad sense heritability.
There was a significantly high positive correlation between flag leaf iron and grain iron (r = 0.82) and flag leaf zinc and grain zinc (r = 0.92) content of the selected donors suggesting that the leaf analysis could be used for early selection for high iron
and zinc content. ‘Chinese Spring’ (Ph
I
) was used for inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing between Aegilops and wheat genomes and transferring these useful traits from the wild species to the elite wheat cultivars. A majority of
the interspecific hybrids had higher leaf iron and zinc content than their wheat parents and equivalent or higher content
than their Aegilops parents suggesting that the parental Aegilops donors possess a more efficient system for uptake and translocation of the micronutrients which could ultimately be utilized
for wheat grain biofortification. Partially fertile to sterile BC1 derivatives with variable chromosomes of Aegilops species had also higher leaf iron and zinc content confirming the possibility of transfer of required variability. Some of
the fertile BC1F3 and BC2F2 derivatives had as high grain ash and grain ash iron and zinc content as that of the donor Aegilops parent. Further work on backcrossing, selfing, selection of fertile derivatives, leaf and grain analyses for iron and zinc
for developing biofortified bread and durum wheat cultivars is in progress.
Nidhi Rawat, Vijay K. Tiwari, and Neelam Singh have contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
4.
Naod Beteselassie Chemeda Fininsa Ayele Badebo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):337-343
Seedlings of 41 emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) and 56 durum (T. durum Desf.) wheat accessions were evaluated for their response to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) infection under greenhouse condition at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. The objectives were to identify
tetraploid wheat accessions that could serve as sources of resistance to stem rust, and postulate the stem rust (Sr) resistance genes through multipatotype testing. The test included screening of accessions for stem rust resistance and multipatotype
testing. To ensure vigorous screening, a mixture of six isolates (Si-1a, Am-2, Ku-3, Dz-4a, Ro-4 and Na-22) that were collected
from severely infected emmer, durum, and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties of major wheat growing areas of Ethiopia was used as inocula. Out of the tested accessions, 18 emmer and 6
durum accessions exhibited low infection types (0–2) response and hence selected as a source of resistance to stem rust infection.
Multipatotype testing was done to postulate Sr genes in the selected accessions. In the test, 10 different stem rust races (A2, A9, A11, A14, A16, A17, B3, B7, B15, and
B21), 33 stem rust differential lines, and a universal susceptible check variety, Morocco were used, The high (3–4) and low infection type reaction patterns of the tested accessions and differential lines were used
to postulate the genes that exhibit gene-for-gene relationship. The presence of Sr 7b, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10, 14, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and Tt-3+10 genes were postulated in 16 selected emmer and 5 durum wheat accessions. Efforts to transfer these valuable Sr genes from cultivated tetraploid wheats could be rewarding to get stem rust resistant varieties and boost wheat production. 相似文献
5.
Firdissa Eticha Getachew Belay Endashaw Bekele 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(2):387-393
Wheat (Triticum spp.) landrace populations in Ethiopia are mostly species mixtures. However, no quantitative data is available with regard
to their species components. We studied here 32 wheat landrace populations originating from two regions (Bale and Wello).
A total of 2559 individual plants, 45–110 plants representing each population, were classified into their species components.
Five tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) and one hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) wheat species were found in mixtures of varying proportions.
These included the tetraploids Triticum durum Desf., Triticum turgidum L., Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz., Triticum polonicum L., Triticum dicoccon Schrank and the hexaploid Triticum aestivum L. Also found, however in a rare frequency, in two populations from Wollo was T. durum Desf. convar. durocompactoides Flaksb. (Triticum pyramidale Percival), which is a very dense spiked durum. Discriminant analysis using seven qualitative traits revealed 91.5% correct
classification of the wheat species, beak awn and awn length with the most significant importance. Single species were found
in eight of the populations; six were for T. durum and two for T. aethiopicum. Two to three species-combinations were the most frequent; a maximum of four species was recorded in one population. The
highest diversity index (H′) observed was 0.44. T. durum was the most predominant species. The hexaploid T. aestivum was found in nine of the Wollo populations and, in one population, its frequency reached up to 35.5%. On altitudinal basis,
no clear trend of clinal variation was observed both from the frequency distributions and H′ estimates. The results confirmed that Ethiopian wheats, despite the morphological overlaps, could be classified into their
species components with high degree of certainty. For the future, therefore, genetic diversity estimations should be dissolved
into their species components for more expeditious utilization and conservation of this important genetic resource. 相似文献
6.
In this study, we investigated the genetic variation of allelopathic potential, its grey correlation with important agronomic
characters, and rank analysis on allelopathic stability of fifteen wheat accessions commonly grown in arid regions of the
Loess Plateau in China. The genetic variation of allelopathic property in dryland winter wheat showed significant differences
between accessions. Allelopathic effects exhibited high heritability (55–95%) throughout the life cycle of wheat. Heritability
was highest in the tillering stage and weakest in the seed filling stage. Allelopathic potential varied and was discontinuous
throughout the wheat life cycle. Grey correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between allelopathic potential dependant
on growth phase and agronomic characters. Allelopathic expression during some growth periods induced a partial correlation
effect on some important agronomic characters that affected wheat yield. Allelopathic heritability and its degree of influence
on yield were more evident in the vegetative growth stage compared to the reproductive stage. A multiple linear regression
was built between allelopathic potential during different growth periods and agronomic characters pursued in wheat breeding.
Allelopathic potential had a linear effect on production traits cultivated in wheat breeding. When allelopathic intensity
varied from 0 to 1 in the reproductive stage, plant height ranged from 44 to 108 cm, spike length from 6.4 to 9.2 cm, number
of spikelets with seeds from 13.4 to 21.0, mean seed number per spike from 41.5 to 50.3 and thousand seed weight from 36.2
to 38.3 g. Based on rank analysis, we concluded that there was a synergistic relationship between allelopathic potential in
wheat and genetic, chemical and ecological factors. Triticum aestivum L. ‘No 6 Lankao’ and T. aestivum L. ‘No 22 Xiaoyan’ were identified as stable and relatively strong allelopathic accessions, whereas T. aestivum L. ‘Lankao 95–25’ was a stable but relatively weak allelopathic cultivar. Other varieties showed unstable allelopathic potential. 相似文献
7.
Yoshihiro Matsuoka Mohammad Jaffar Aghaei Mohammad Reza Abbasi Abdolhosain Totiaei Javad Mozafari Shoji Ohta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(6):861-868
Hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) is assumed to have originated by natural hybridization between cultivated tetraploid Triticum turgidum L. and wild diploid Aegilops tauschii Coss. This scenario is broadly accepted, but very little is known about the ecological aspects of bread wheat evolution.
In this study, we examined whether T. turgidum cultivation still is associated with weedy Ae. tauschii in today’s Middle Eastern agroecosystems. We surveyed current distributions of T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii in northern Iran and searched for sites where these two species coexist. Ae. tauschii occurred widely in the study area, whereas cultivated T. turgidum had a narrow distribution range. Traditional durum wheat (T. turgidum ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) cultivation associated with weedy Ae. tauschii was observed in the Alamut and Deylaman-Barrehsar districts of the central Alborz Mountain region. The results of our field
survey showed that the T. turgidum–Ae. tauschii association hypothesized in the theory of bread wheat evolution still exists in the area where bread wheat probably evolved. 相似文献
8.
Ten released varieties and one hundred and eleven tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) wheat accessions collected from different major wheat producing regions, consisting of totally 2904 entries were
characterized for content of yellow pigment, gluten strength, thousand kernel weights, grain yield, percent of yellow berry,
glumes color, awn color, seed color, beak shape and spike density. The objectives were to assess variation with respect to
regions of origin, species and altitudinal classes and to study the interrelationships of the qualitative traits used for
the study. The accessions and/or released varieties showed significant regional variation for all the traits used in the study,
but clinal variation among altitudinal classes and species were significant (P ≤ 0.01) in 6 (60%) and 9 (90%) of the studied traits, respectively. The accessions revealed consistent variation (P ≤ 0.001) within both regions and altitudinal classes for all the traits used in the study. The sedimentation volume was positively
correlated with content of yellow pigment, percent of yellow berry, thousand kernel weights, glumes color, awn color, beak
shape, seed color and grain yield. The contents of yellow pigment was positively correlated with awn color, beak shape and
grain yield, but negatively correlated with seed color and spike density. Generally wide variation was found in the germplasm.
Particularly variation was high for the content of the yellow pigment as well as the gluten strength, which provides opportunities
to be utilized for genetic improvement. 相似文献
9.
J. Lage B. Skovmand R. J. Peña S. B. Andersen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(5):955-962
The wild diploid goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson), and the cultivated tetraploid emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.) may be important sources of genetic diversity for improving hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Through interspecific hybridization of emmer wheat and Ae. tauschii, followed by chromosome doubling, it is possible to produce homozygous synthetic hexaploid wheat. Fifty-eight such synthetic
hexaploids were evaluated for grain quality parameters: grain weight, length, and plumpness, grain hardness, total protein
content, and protein quality (SDS-Sedimentation volume, SDS-S). Most synthetics showed semi-hard to hard grain texture. Results
showed significant genetic variation among the synthetic hexaploids for protein content, SDS-S values, and grain weight and
plumpness. Quality measurement values of synthetic hexaploids were regressed on corresponding values of the emmer wheat parents.
With this offspring-parent regression, protein content and SDS-S values explained 8.7 and 28.8%, respectively, of the variation
among synthetics, indicating a significant contribution from the emmer wheat parents for these traits. The synthetic hexaploids,
in general, had significantly higher protein content (15.5%, on average) and longer grains than ‘Seri M82’, the bread wheat
control (13.1% protein content). Synthetics with SDS-S values and grain weights higher than those of ‘Seri M82’ were also
identified. Protein content among synthetics showed significantly negative correlations with grain weight and plumpness, but
no correlation with SDS-S values. Despite these negative correlations, 10 superior synthetic hexaploid wheats, derived from
nine different emmer wheat parents and with above average levels of protein content, SDS-S values, and either grain weight
or plumpness, were identified. This study shows that genetic variation for quality in tetraploid emmer wheat can be transferred
to synthetic hexaploid wheats and combined with plump grains and high grain weight, to be used for bread wheat breeding. 相似文献
10.
基于形态学图像处理的麦穗形态特征无损测量 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
小麦穗部形态参数是直接反应小麦生长状况的重要参数,是育种和考种专家关心的重要参数。为了实现小麦穗部形态特征的无损测量和基于这些特征的快速品种分类,该文提出了基于形态学的穗部性状:芒个数、平均芒长、穗长和穗型的自动提取方法。首先通过小麦图像的形态学运算将麦芒去除得到只有小麦主部的图像,通过寻找主轴方向角和旋转计算外接矩形长度的方法计算穗长,通过对麦芒图像的细化和角点检测方法计算芒长和芒个数,通过宽度系数比例判断穗型,然后利用提取的其中8个特征参数,设计了一个3层的BP神经网络,对4个小麦品种240张图片进行分类识别,识别准确率达到88%。该方法可为小麦快速品种分类提供参考。若能将小麦的其他外部参数同时作为品种识别的输入数据,将会大大提高品种识别的准确性。 相似文献
11.
M. El Bouhssini M. M. Nachit J. Valkoun O. Abdalla F. Rihawi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(8):1215-1219
The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a major pest of wheat in North Africa, southern Europe, North America, and northern Kazakhstan. It is believed
this pest (like wheat) originated in West Asia. The Syrian Hessian fly biotype has been found to be the most virulent worldwide,
and has been used at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) for screening wheat and
its wild relatives to identify new sources of resistance. The screening was conducted in an insect rearing room set at 20°C
and 70% RH using a Hessian fly population collected from Lattakia region, Syria. The experimental design was a randomized
complete block with four replications. ‘Nasma’ (bread wheat) and ‘Cando’ (durum wheat) were used as susceptible and resistant
checks, respectively. A total of 623 lines/accessions of wheat and its wild relatives (Aegilops and Triticum) were evaluated. Twenty-nine Aegilops accessions and four synthetic derived bread wheat lines were found resistant. The presence of dead first instars confirmed
the resistance reaction and also showed that antibiosis is the major mechanism of resistance in these materials. These sources
of resistance are used in ICARDA’s wheat breeding programs for the development of Hessian fly-resistant germplasm/varieties. 相似文献
12.
Atsushi Ohta Kyoko Yamane Taihachi Kawahara 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(5):889-899
This study examines the relationship between spike morphology and natural habitat for 84 accessions of four Aegilops species, belongs to section Sitopsis, Ae. bicornis, Ae. longissima, Ae. searsii, and Ae. sharonensis in genus Aegilops, section Sitopsis, wild relatives of Triticum aestivum L. These species are considered valuable genetic resources for future cultivation and breeding of domesticated wheat. The goals of the study were to: (1) document variation in spike morphology among these four species; (2) examine the relationship between spike morphology and native habitat; (3) document geographical distribution of distinct spike morphology; and (4) examine the relationship between spike morphology and heading time and value for these four species. The results reveal significant differences in spike morphology among species of section Sitopsis. The most noteworthy variation involved the absence/presence of lateral awn, such that species with lateral awn were restricted in coastal, though species without lateral awn were mainly distributed in inland. This suggests that local climate may be a determinant of variation in lateral awn, and that this trait may be subject to convergent evolution. Differences in heading time in sympatric area were also observed. The differences may enhance species divergence and could represent a lead speciation event. The results of this study will facilitate identification of populations or accessions of wild wheat with favorable traits and/or novel adaptive genes. 相似文献
13.
For the selection of donors with valuable characteristics for breeding, 39 thyme accessions were evaluated in three years
according to a staggered schedule. The criteria investigated were: winter hardiness, beginning of flowering, growth height,
yield of the dry herb, content of essential oil, composition of the essential oil, DNA content of cell nuclei and number of
chromosomes. The most strongly varying traits between the populations were the yield of dry herb, the content of essential
oil and the content of volatile phenols with coefficients of variation (CV) between CV 40% and 50%. The largest variation
within a population was detected for the yield of dry herb (CV 25–46%) and the content of essential oil (CV 17–48%). The homogeneity
of the populations was different. The minimal average coefficient of variation of all traits (CV 19%) was determined in the
population of the cultivar ‘Varico II’ and in a population from Lithuania. The ploidy level of T. vulgaris was diploid (2n = 30). 相似文献
14.
Piironen V Edelmann M Kariluoto S Bedo Z 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):9726-9731
As part of the diversity screen of the HEALTHGRAIN project, the total folate contents of bread wheat (130 winter and 20 spring wheat genotypes), durum wheat (10 genotypes), earlier cultivated diploid einkorn and tetraploid emmer wheat (5 genotypes of each), and spelt (5 genotypes), grown in the same location in a controlled manner, were determined by a microbiological assay. The total folate contents ranged from 364 to 774 ng/g of dm in winter wheat and from 323 to 741 ng/g of dm in spring wheat, thus showing a marked variation. The highest mean for total folate content was measured in the durum wheat genotypes, whereas the earlier cultivated diploid and tetraploid wheat genotypes and spelt were shown to possess comparable or even higher folate contents than bread wheat. HPLC analysis of selected genotypes showed that 5-formyltetrahydrofolate was the major vitamer. The data provide a basis for breeding wheat genotypes with improved folate content. 相似文献
15.
Pedro A. López Mark P. Widrlechner Philipp W. Simon Satish Rai Terri D. Boylston Terry A. Isbell Theodore B. Bailey Candice A. Gardner Lester A. Wilson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(2):247-275
Our goals for this research were to elucidate phenotypic and biochemical diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) populations maintained at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, IA, and examine relationships
between amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and patterns of phenotypic and biochemical diversity. Phenotypic
and biochemical traits were evaluated, and analyses of variance and mean comparisons were performed on the resulting data
sets. Euclidean distances from phenotypic (PD) and biochemical (BD) data were estimated, and modified Rogers’ distances (RD)
were estimated for 80 polymorphic AFLP markers. These data were subjected to cluster analyses (CA) and principal components
analyses (PCA), to reveal patterns among populations, and to analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) for grouping patterns
from PD and BD by using the 80 polymorphic AFLP markers. Resulting phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular distance matrices
were also compared by applying Mantel tests. Our results describe significant differences among populations for all the phenotypic
traits, and dendrograms obtained from PD and BD revealed complex phenetic patterns, as did groups from PCA. The primary seed
essential oils and nearly all fatty-acid components were identified and their abundance measured; the primary chemical constituents
of corresponding PCA groups are described herein. Molecular evidence supported phenotypic and biochemical subgroups. However,
variation attributed among subgroups and groups was very low (∼4–6%), while variation among populations within groups was
intermediate (∼24–26%), and that within populations was large (∼69–70%), reflecting weak differentiation among subgroups and
groups, which was confirmed by values for fixation indices. Phenotypic subgroups described in this study differed somewhat
from previous infraspecific classifications. Weak correlations were found between the phenotypic and biochemical matrices
and between the biochemical and AFLP matrices. No correlation was found between the phenotypic and AFLP matrices. These results
may be related to coriander’s phenotypic plasticity, its wide range in lifecycle duration, its predominantly allogamous reproductive
biology, a human-selection process focused on special traits that may be controlled by few genes, and the widespread trade
of coriander seeds as a spice, which may result in dynamic, poorly differentiated molecular variation, even when phenotypic
and biochemical differentiation is easily documented.
The U. S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
16.
Hari D. Upadhyaya K. N. Reddy C. L. L. Gowda S. N. Silim 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1787-1795
Pigeonpea germplasm accessions collected from low (<500 m), medium (501–1000 m), high (1001–1500 m) and very high elevation
zones (>1500 m) of Kenya were evaluated for 15 agronomic traits and seed protein content at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. There
were significant differences (P < 0.001) among elevation zones for the number of primary and secondary branches, days to 75% maturity, pod length, seeds per
pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield. Mean values indicated that the accessions from low elevation zone were significantly
different from those collected in higher elevation zones for early flowering and maturity, number of primary branches, pod
length, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index. None of the accessions collected
in Kenya belonged to extra early (<80 days to 50% flowering) and early (80–100 days to 50% flowering) maturity groups, as
defined by time to flowering at Patancheru, India. Mean diversity index based on all characters indicated that accessions
from the low elevation zone are more diverse than those from the higher elevation zones. Frequency distribution for trait
extremes indicated that the accessions from the low elevation zone were early to flower and mature, short statured, produced
more primary and secondary branches with high pod bearing length, long pods, more pods per plant, more seeds per pod, a high
seed yield and harvest index. Accessions from the very high elevation zone were late flowering, with a large number of tertiary
branches, large seeds and a high shelling percentage and could be a source for cold tolerance and the breeding of vegetable
types. Results suggest that the elevation of collection sites is therefore a very important determinant of variation patterns
of pigeonpea in Kenya. 相似文献
17.
G. Ram M. K. Bhan Ashok Ahuja S. R. Meena M. K. Kaul K. K. Gupta R. L. Jolly R. K. Khajuria 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):649-654
Variability studies were carried out among different accessions of Argyrolobium roseum for 12 metric traits under natural and cultivated conditions. Almost all characters showed higher values in cultivated than
natural population. Leaf breadth recorded highest CV (30.59%). Highest percentage of vitexin and D-pinitol (0.208 and 0.773%
dwb) was observed in RAR-7 and RAR-6, respectively, under cultivated conditions. Phenotypic coefficient was higher than genotypic
coefficient of variation. The association analysis revealed that root yield had positive significant correlation with 100
seed weight (r=0.839) biomass yield (r=0.601), where biomass yield had a positive significant correlation with leaf length, single pod weight. High heritability
(97.4–99.8%) coupled with moderate genetic advance ranged between (49–67%) as a percent of mean was observed for leaf breadth,
pod length, total foliage biomass yield and total root yield/plant. This suggests that direct selection for these traits is
suitable for the improvement of this crop. 相似文献
18.
小麦麦穗几何模型构建与可视化 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
作物器官几何建模是虚拟作物研究的关键技术之一。通过对小麦穗形态结构的观测分析,提出基于形态特征参数的麦穗几何模型及可视化实现方法。在已有麦穗形态模拟模型的基础上,结合麦穗拓扑结构,构建麦穗形态结构几何模型,包括穗轴、小穗(外麸、麦芒、花药等)、麦穗穗形等子模型。其中,穗轴节片使用底面为椭圆的圆柱体进行模拟,节片交错叠加构成穗轴。基于外麸曲面半径变化曲线,以三角面片构造近似半椭球体来模拟外麸;基于麦芒曲线,以三角面片重构横截面近似为等边三角形的麦芒;用非统一有理B样条曲面模拟开花期小花顶端的花药;采用分层模型控制麦穗穗形。然后根据麦穗拓扑结构组合以上各器官,即可构建出麦穗几何模型。进一步结合颜色渲染、纹理映射、光照渲染等真实感显示技术,基于.Net平台,借助CSOpenGL,实现麦穗生长动态的可视化。结果表明,重构出的麦穗具有一定的真实感,能够用于不同品种、不同处理条件下麦穗生长动态的可视化表达。研究结果将有助于实现小麦植株生长动态的数字化、可视化。 相似文献
19.
Valeria Terzi Caterina Morcia A. Michele Stanca Ladislav Kucera Clara Fares Pasquale Codianni Natale Di Fonzo Primetta Faccioli 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1613-1621
In the last few years, the renewed interest for emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) in Italy has stimulated breeding programs for this crop releasing improved genotypes obtained not only by selection
from landraces, but even by crosses with durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties. The purpose of this work has been to uncover the genetic make-up of some emmer × durum derivatives, specifically
by comparing the differences from their parents. Genetic diversity of advanced breeding lines and varieties derived from a
durum × emmer cross has been evaluated on the basis of AFLP and SSR markers in comparison with the corresponding emmer and
durum wheat parent for addressing the seminal question of how much ‘wild’ variation remains after selection for agronomic
type. 相似文献
20.
M Syouf B E Abu-Irmaileh J Valkoun S Bdour 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1165-1172
Introgression was detected within wild emmer wheat population in Jordan during the year 2000. Wild emmer wheat was found to occur in non-disturbed habitat, very close to cultivated durum wheat in northern parts of Jordan, and it was found in cultivated durum wheat in southern parts of Jordan. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) test was constructed to assess natural introgression occurrence within wild emmer wheat population. Associated durum wheat land races from the vicinity of durum wheat fields were also collected. Shannon Diversity Index for wild emmer wheat populations was 0.46 and for durum wheat landraces was 0.45. The percentage of polymorphic loci for wild emmer wheat populations was 92.6. The close genetic distance between certain wild emmer wheat populations and durum wheat landraces provided proofs that massive introgression has occurred. 相似文献