共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Trail PW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4688):778-780
The aggregation of displaying males in lek-breeding birds is often associated with disruption of courtship and mating but effects of this disruption on mate choice have not been shown. In a 4-year study of Rupicola rupicola in Suriname, interference among territorial adult males disrupted 31 percent of all female courtship visits and terminated 32 percent of all matings at a lek where there were an average of 55 territorial males. Disruption in this rain forest species caused females to modify their courtship and mating patterns, and males that used intense and persistent disruption received a disproportionate share of this redirected mate choice. 相似文献
2.
本文以对比行为实验方法研究了克氏原螯虾的交配行为。结果表明，克氏原螯虾交配过程可分为交配前期和交配期。在交配前期．雄虾表现出特有的交配前期行为；交配期包括钳夹、翻转、横跨、交尾和分离五个阶段。雌虾被雄虾钳住后表现顺从行为；而在对照组中的雌虾被同性钳住后却不表现顺从行为。雄虾之间的接触导致进攻行为。交配时雄虾横跨的步足均为右第5步足；雌虾在交配前勿需生殖蜕皮，交配的成败与雄虾接近雌虾的行为方式有关。且螯足较大的雄性个体交配成功率明显较高。 相似文献
3.
克氏原螯虾交配行为的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文以对比行为实验方法研究了克氏原螯虾的交配行为。结果表明，克氏原螯虾交配过程可分为交配前期和交配期。在交配前期．雄虾表现出特有的交配前期行为；交配期包括钳夹、翻转、横跨、交尾和分离五个阶段。雌虾被雄虾钳住后表现顺从行为；而在对照组中的雌虾被同性钳住后却不表现顺从行为。雄虾之间的接触导致进攻行为。交配时雄虾横跨的步足均为右第5步足；雌虾在交配前勿需生殖蜕皮，交配的成败与雄虾接近雌虾的行为方式有关。且螯足较大的雄性个体交配成功率明显较高。 相似文献
4.
Theory predicts that traits under positive selection can rapidly cross a hybrid zone in spite of a substantial barrier to neutral gene flow between hybridizing taxa. An avian hybrid zone between Manacus candei (white-collared manakin) and M. vitellinus (golden-collared manakin) is reported here that displays an unusual pattern of noncoincident clines. Male secondary sexual traits of M. vitellinus have spread into populations that are genetically and morphometrically like M. candei. These birds have a lek breeding system in which male mating success is highly skewed, suggesting that sexual selection is driving male sexual traits across the zone. 相似文献
5.
6.
Weygoldt P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,153(3744):1647-1649
The male pseudoscorpion Serianus sp. n. deposits spermatophores without mating, but only when females are present. It marks a path to the spermatophore with silken threads produced in an endodermal gland, which is homologous to the rectal pocket in males and females of other species and in the female of the same species. 相似文献
7.
Can animal mating systems result in the choice of mates carrying genotypes that are otherwise favored by natural selection? This question is addressed by studying, in natural populations of Colias butterflies, how the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) enzyme genotype of males mating Colias females varies with degree of female mate discrimination. Certain PGI genotypes (as predicted from their biochemical properties) have been found previously to have an advantage in diverse fitness-related properties: flight capacity, survivorship, and overall mating success. It is shown here that males of these same genotypes have even greater advantage in remating older, more discriminating females than they do in mating previously unmated, less discriminating females. Assortative mating is not found and thus cannot explain this effect. The mating system of these insects does, at least in this case, result in active female choice of generally favorable male genotypes as mates. 相似文献
8.
[目的]明确烟蚜茧蜂的交配行为,探讨雌蜂传递的线索对引发雄蜂交配行为的作用,为烟蚜茧蜂的规模化繁殖和应用提供理论基础.[方法]在室内显微镜下和温室繁蜂棚内直接观察烟蚜茧蜂的交配行为,设死亡处女雌蜂(n=19)、碾碎的雌蜂腹部(n=15)、接触过处女雌蜂的滤纸(n=15)、仅提供雌蜂视觉线索(n=20)和空白对照(n=20)5个不同的试验处理,观察雌蜂传递的嗅觉和视觉线索对引发雄蜂求偶行为的作用.[结果]雄蜂交配行为包括接近、求偶、爬背、敲打触角、交配试探、插入、交配、分离,处女雌蜂交配行为包括逃跑和拒绝交配或接受交配、交配、休息.雄蜂与处女雌蜂的交配过程可划分为搜寻和求偶、交配前期、交配和交配后期4个阶段,且试图交配的雄蜂求偶成功后一般能够与处女雌蜂完成整个交配过程.雄蜂会试图与交配过的雌蜂、死亡的雌蜂发生交配行为,但仅出现交配前期.接触过活体处女雌蜂的滤纸和压碎的雌蜂腹部能够引发雄蜂强烈的振翅反应,而密闭在透明容器中的处女雌蜂不能引发雄蜂的振翅反应.[结论]烟蚜茧蜂的交配行为由—系列固定行为组成,雌蜂传递的嗅觉线索是引发雄蜂求偶行为发生的关键因素,雌蜂腹部是短程雌性性信息素产生的来源. 相似文献
9.
在室内养虫笼观察并分析松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus在以24h为周期内的交配行为及其规律。松墨天牛交配行为包括2个步骤：一是雌虫接近雄虫,在其周围活动;二是雄虫抱握雌虫,发生交配行为。交配日节律观察结果显示：松墨天牛在24h内有2次交配高峰期,10：00—14：00和18：00—24：00,它在这2个时间段以外很少或几乎不交配。松墨天牛交配行为具有以下特点：普遍存在与同一个体或不同个体的多次交配现象,交配次数为2次f含）以上的松墨天牛个体约占全部个体的77．5％,每次交配时间平均为50s;除正常雄雌交配外,还会出现雄雄和雌雌“交配”以及2只雄虫争夺雌虫交配权的现象。图1表1参15 相似文献
10.
白足蚜小蜂(Aphelinus albipodus)是蚜虫重要内寄生蜂之一，为更好地利用白足蚜小蜂防控农林害虫，在室内以桃蚜（Myzus persicae）饲养并在体视显微镜下观察记录，对其成虫生物学特性进行研究。结果表明，白足蚜小蜂羽化时间集中在6:00-10:00。羽化当天即可进行交配，交配过程可分为4个阶段，分别为求偶、交配前期、交配及交配后期。交配过程耗时148.5 s±10 s。雌雄同性间存在交配竞争。一头雌蜂在观察的3 h内可与1.8±0.2头未交配雄蜂交配，雄蜂可与10.4±2.0个雌蜂交配。白足蚜小蜂可进行孤雌生殖和两性生殖，孤雌生殖的后代均为雄性，一头雌蜂24 h孤雌生殖18.8±1.0头雄性子蜂；两性生殖可产9.9±1.1头雌蜂及6.6±0.4头雄蜂。寄生过程可划分为搜寻寄主、试探寄主、产卵寄生或取食寄主及清扫梳理5个步骤。从产卵寄生到成蜂羽化需要10~14 d。白足蚜小蜂喜欢在上午羽化，羽化后即可交配，雌雄蜂均可多次交配，同性个体间存在交配竞争，以孤雌和两性生殖繁衍后代，完成一个生活史需10~14 d。 相似文献
11.
Familial imprinting determines H-2 selective mating preferences 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
K Yamazaki G K Beauchamp D Kupniewski J Bard L Thomas E A Boyse 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4857):1331-1332
Inbred male mice typically prefer to mate with females of a different, non-self H-2 haplotype. To determine whether this natural preference is irrevocable or results from familial imprinting, a test system was used which relied on previous observations that B6 males (H-2b) mate preferentially with congenic B6-H-2k rather than B6 females, and B6-H-2k males with B6 females. This preference was reversed in B6 males fostered by B6-H-2k parents and in B6-H-2k males fostered by B6 parents, preference in these cases favoring the same H-2 type. Thus, H-2 selective mating preference is acquired by imprinting on familial H-2 types. 相似文献
12.
外界生态因子对感染Wolbachia的松毛虫赤眼蜂生殖稳定性影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】明确水平人工转染沃尔巴克氏体（Wolbachia）获得营产雌孤雌生殖松毛虫赤眼蜂生殖方式在环境条件改变时的遗传稳定性,探索Wolbachia与其宿主间的相互适应性。【方法】采用喂食抗生素、持续高温处理、与雄蜂交配等方法,观察产雌孤雌松毛虫赤眼蜂寄生和羽化等情况。【结果】抗生素诱导下,从F2代开始出现雄蜂,经诱导获得的雄性与正常雌性、诱导获得雌性交配可以产生后代,且20个后代群体都有雄性个体出现;25℃恒温下,与雄性交配的产雌孤雌松毛虫赤眼蜂寄生数和未交配的相比显著降低,到F7代恢复正常,只有交配的F2、F4后代出现个别雄蜂,其它世代和未交配所有世代均未出现雄蜂。而32℃高温下,交配与未交配至F5代所有羽化个体全为雄蜂。【结论】不同温度下与雄蜂交配不会改变Wolbachia感染引起的松毛虫赤眼蜂产雌孤雌生殖方式,抗生素处理和持续至少20 d的32℃高温是改变感染Wolbachia的松毛虫赤眼蜂生殖方式的决定因素。 相似文献
13.
Sound production by male wolf spiders during courtship is critical for behavioral reproductive isolation of two sibling species. Females only respond to and copulate with conspecific males, and acoustic signals through a substrate are necessary to induce receptivity. No reproductive barriers that could arise during mating (such as genital or mechanical incompatibility) or after mating (infertility) are in effect between the species, since forced interspecific matings produce viable offspring. 相似文献
14.
The copulatory vocalizations of female baboons (Papio ursinus) are more complex than those of female gibbons (Hylobates hoolock) or human females. Adult males of all these species begin calling later than the female, but subordinate baboon males do not call. Copulatory vocalizations may serve to mutually stimulate the mating partners or to incite male competition. 相似文献
15.
多数昆虫能够进行多次交配,随寄生蜂雄蜂交配次数的增加,雄蜂体内精子减少,雌蜂获得的精子数量减少,产下更多的单倍体卵,发育为雄性后代;一些单寄生性的寄生蜂雌蜂一生仅能够交配1次。描述了蝇蛹金小蜂雌雄蜂的交配行为,探讨了雄蜂交配次数对雌蜂后代产量等的影响以及雌蜂的可交配次数。结果表明,交配过程包括求偶、交尾前期、交尾和交尾后期;雄蜂已交配的次数并不能够显著影响其配偶的寿命、产卵期和后代总数量,但显著影响到其配偶的雌、雄后代数量和性比。随雄蜂交配次数的增加,与之交配的雌蜂的后代雄性百分比显著增大,雌蜂在产卵期内更早地出现较多雄性后代,体内精子不足的现象更加明显。无论已交配的蝇蛹金小蜂雌蜂在产卵期中是否出现精子不足,均不能再次完成交配。 相似文献
16.
为生物防治棉大卷叶野螟提供科学依据,研究棉大卷叶螟雌虫性信息素对雄虫的诱集作用,在野外和室内用棉大卷叶野螟雌虫及其性信息素提取物对雄虫进行诱集试验.研究发现:1～7日龄雌成虫及相应日龄雌成虫性信息素提取物随着日龄的增高,对雄蛾的引诱力逐渐降低;随着距离的加大,其诱集作用亦逐渐下降;1～7日龄雌成虫性信息素提取物对雄成虫... 相似文献
17.
Current explanations for why sexual ornaments are found in both sexes include genetic correlation, same sex competition, and mutual mate choice. In this study, we report developmental plasticity in mating behavior as induced by temperature during development in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Males and females reciprocally change their sexual roles depending on their larval rearing temperatures. This switch is correlated with a change in mating benefits to females and costs to males. The discrete seasonal environments, wet season and dry season, are known to produce the two developmental forms and as a consequence impose alternating, symmetrical patterns of sexual selection, one season on male ornaments, the following season on female ornaments. Thus, reciprocal selection through time may result in mutual sexual ornamentation. 相似文献
18.
Noncalling adult male tree frogs were found in close association with about 16 percent of the calling males in a pond in Georgia. In 13 of 30 field experiments a noncalling satellite male intercepted and achieved amplexus with a gravid female moving toward the calling male. This mating strategy, which conserves energy required for calling, resembles the strategy employed by other vertebrates. 相似文献
19.
K Yamazaki G K Beauchamp C J Wysocki J Bard L Thomas E A Boyse 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,221(4606):186-188
Inbred BALB/c females were mated and subsequently exposed in a divided cage to "stimulus" males or females whose H-2 type was similar or dissimilar to the stud male's. The incidence of pregnancy blocking was considerably higher when stud and stimulus males differed in H-2 type than when they did not. Similar results were obtained with urine samples of H-2 identical and nonidentical males. Females exposed after mating to other females whose H-2 type differed from the stud male, under the same experimental conditions, also showed an appreciable incidence of pregnancy block. It is therefore concluded that chemosensory recognition of H-2 types affects the reproductive hormonal status of the pregnant female. 相似文献
20.
Incidence of spontaneous aggression in adult male mice given a single injection of estradiol benzoate (0.4 milligram) when they were 3 days old was less than that of controls injected with oil. Aggressiveness was increased among adult females injected with either estradiol or testosterone propionate (1 milligram) at the same age. The increased aggressiveness noted among females given androgen was further documented during subsequent mating tests, when these females often attacked, wounded, and, in one case, killed naive males. 相似文献