共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
Gwynne DT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,213(4509):779-780
Male Mormon crickets produce a large spermatophore that the female eats. Spermatophore proteins are important to female reproduction, and females compete for access to singing males. Males reject most receptive females as mates, and those accepted are more fecund than rejected individuals. This role reversal in courtship is in contrast to the behavior of the sexes in katydid species in which the males produce small spermatophores. 相似文献
2.
作为探讨栗山天牛成虫的寄主选择、配偶定位等行为机制的一部分,利用扫描电镜对栗山天牛触角的形态、 感受器的类型及分布特点等进行观察。结果表明:栗山天牛触角上有锥形感受器7 个亚型、刺形感受器4 个亚型、 毛形感受器2 个亚型、齿形感受器2 个亚型、芽形感受器1 个亚型、钟形感受器1 个亚型;锥形感受器郁、刺形感受 器郁为雌虫特有的感受器,锥形感受器吁、锥形感受器遇、锥形感受器喻、毛形感受器玉和钟形感受器为雄虫特有 的感受器;触角感受器数量上雌虫多于雄虫,雌虫触角腹面感受器数量略多于背面,但都差异不显著。栗山天牛雌 雄成虫触角上感受器的数量、类型和分布等的差异表明,雌雄虫可能对环境中的物理、化学信息的反应存在一定 差异。 相似文献
3.
美国白蛾触角感器超微结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)触角感器与其嗅觉感受机制的关系,借助扫描电镜观察了其触角感器类型及其分布。结果显示:美国白蛾雌蛾触角为锯齿状,雄蛾触角为双栉齿状,也称羽毛状;在雌雄触角上共发现10种类型感器,即长毛形感器Ⅰ(ST-Ⅰ)、短毛形感器Ⅱ(ST-Ⅱ)、刺形感器(SCH)、锥形感器(SB)、栓锥形感器(SST)、具缘毛腔锥形感器Ⅰ(SCO-Ⅰ)、无缘毛腔锥形感器Ⅱ(SCO-Ⅱ)、鳞形感器(SSQ)、B hm氏鬃毛(BB),以及一种新型感器——舌形感器(SL)。毛形感器数量最多,且雄蛾多于雌蛾。雌雄蛾同类感器中除SCO-I雌雄差异不显著外,其余感器类型长度雌雄均差异显著,其中,雌蛾SST及SCO-Ⅱ长度均显著大于雄蛾,ST-Ⅰ、ST-Ⅱ、SCH、SB及SSQ长度均为雄蛾显著大于雌蛾。SL仅分布于雄蛾羽状分支腹面,SSQ位于雌雄触角纵轴及分支背面,BB位于雌雄触角柄节两侧,其余感器均分布于雌雄触角腹面。 相似文献
4.
Two tortricid mitoth species, Adoxophyes orana and Clepsis spectrana, utilize the samne two isomers, cis-9- and cis-l1-tetradecenyl acetate, as their sex attractant. Commnlunication between the sexes of each species is separated effectively by a different blendinig of both compounds by the females and a different response to these blends by the males. 相似文献
5.
Marler P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,163(3862):93-95
Troops of the black and white colobus Colobus guereza in the Bueclongio Forest, Uganda, average eight animals with a typical composition of one adult male, four adult females, two subadults, one juvenile, and one infant. Solitary males and small all-male groups also occur. Troops of mixed sexes have well-defined territories which coincide roughly with the home range. Territories of five groups averaged 0.062 square mile (0.137 kmn(2)) in area agreeing closely with territory-sizes of Asian Colobine monkeys. Adult males have a roar that is concerned with maintaining territorial spacing, but not with actual territorial defense. The territories of these arboreal, forest animals are much smaller than the home ranges of more terrestrial and nonterritorial open-country primaes. 相似文献
6.
利用扫描电子显微镜对吉林省长白山区管蚜蝇属(Eristalis)5种主要访花食蚜蝇触角感受器的类型、数量和分布进行了观察研究.结果表明:在柄节上,5种食蚜蝇均着生有毛型感受器Ⅰ和大量微毛,毛型感受器Ⅰ呈稍弯曲的一列分布于端部的一侧,且背面的数量多于腹面.在梗节上,5种食蚜蝇均着生有毛型感受器Ⅱ和徽毛,毛型感受器Ⅱ的分布在种间和性别间没有显著差异,但在腹面集中分布于梗节的中部,在背面集中分布于梗节的端部.毛型感受器Ⅱ的数量在雌雄间没有显著差异,但在种间存在差异.在鞭节上,5种食蚜蝇均密被微毛,没有其他感受器. 相似文献
7.
Sexual selection is a potent evolutionary force. However, very few models have considered the evolution of female preferences for traits expressed in both sexes. Here we explore how female preferences coevolve with sexually antagonistic traits, which involve alleles that are beneficial to one sex but harmful to the other. We show that with a sexually antagonistic trait on the X chromosome (males XY, females XX), females evolve to prefer mates carrying alleles beneficial to daughters. In contrast, with a Z-linked trait (males ZZ, females ZW), females more often evolve mating preferences for mates carrying alleles beneficial to sons (that is, flashy displays). 相似文献
8.
Plain-tailed wrens (Pheugopedius euophrys) cooperate to produce a duet song in which males and females rapidly alternate singing syllables. We examined how sensory information from each wren is used to coordinate singing between individuals for the production of this cooperative behavior. Previous findings in nonduetting songbird species suggest that premotor circuits should encode each bird's own contribution to the duet. In contrast, we find that both male and female wrens encode the combined cooperative output of the pair of birds. Further, behavior and neurophysiology show that both sexes coordinate the timing of their singing based on feedback from the partner and suggest that females may lead the duet. 相似文献
9.
Eriksson K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,159(3816):739-741
By outbreeding Wistar rats and selecting for breeding animals that differ in their alcohol consumption, we have raised two genetically different lines. Marked differences between the sexes and the strains were evident by the eighth generation. Selection is reflected in the regression coefficient .754, which accounts for 65.9 percent of the variance. The heritabilities differ significantly in the two sexes, h2 for the males being .263, and for the females .371; this difference seems mainly ascribable to sex-linkage of some of the genetic factors controlling voluntary consumption of alcohol. 相似文献
10.
Current explanations for why sexual ornaments are found in both sexes include genetic correlation, same sex competition, and mutual mate choice. In this study, we report developmental plasticity in mating behavior as induced by temperature during development in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Males and females reciprocally change their sexual roles depending on their larval rearing temperatures. This switch is correlated with a change in mating benefits to females and costs to males. The discrete seasonal environments, wet season and dry season, are known to produce the two developmental forms and as a consequence impose alternating, symmetrical patterns of sexual selection, one season on male ornaments, the following season on female ornaments. Thus, reciprocal selection through time may result in mutual sexual ornamentation. 相似文献
11.
Pheromone-releasing females of the closely related noctuid moths Trichoplusia ni and Autographa californica attract mainly males of their own species. Sex-pheromone-concentration specificity appears to be an important reproductive isolating mechanism for these two species. Apparently, both species utilize the same pheromone, cis-7-dodecenyl acetate, for mating communication, but T. ni utilizes a higher level than does A. californica. Traps releasing amounts of cis-7-dodecenyl acetate that are highly attractive for males of one of the species catch very few males of the other species. 相似文献
12.
Vehrencamp SL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,197(4301):403-405
The contribution of eggs to the communal clutch by females of the group and the genetic contribution by males of the group are significantly skewed. The amount of parental care performed by each bird is correlated with relative egg ownership for both sexes. 相似文献
13.
王振龙 《东北林业大学学报》2001,29(4):34-37
在实验室条件下，测定了艾虎气味对根田鼠行为的影响，结果表明，艾虎气味对根田鼠两性个体的一般动作、探究、自我修饰以及交配行为的频次具有显著的抑制作用。对各种行为累积时间的作用则产生明显的性别差异，雌体自我修饰行为的累积时间极显著降低，雄体探究行为的累积时间显著增加，而自我修饰行为的累积时间则极显著降低。雌体一般动作和自我修饰行为的累积时间／频次差异显著，雄体一般动作、探究行为和自我修饰行为的累积时间／频次存在极显著差异。根田鼠的交配模式属于＃11模式（无限制、抽动、多次插入和多次射精，但有时射精前无多次插入）。艾虎气味对根田鼠交配行为的频次具有极显著的抑制作用。 相似文献
14.
Clutton-Brock TH Russell AF Sharpe LL Young AJ Balmforth Z McIlrath GM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5579):253-256
In cooperatively breeding birds, where helpers of both sexes assist with the provisioning and upbringing of offspring who are not their own, males tend to contribute more than females to rearing young. This sex difference has been attributed to paternity uncertainty, but could also occur because males contribute more where they are likely to remain and breed in their group of origin. In contrast to most birds, female meerkats (Suricata suricatta) are more likely to breed in their natal group than males. We show that female meerkat helpers contribute more to rearing young than males and that female helpers feed female pups more frequently than males. Our results suggest that sex differences in cooperative behavior are generated by sex differences in philopatry and occur because females derive greater direct benefits than males from raising recruits to their natal group. These findings support the view that direct, mutualistic benefits are important in the evolution of specialized cooperative behavior. 相似文献
15.
Potassium-40 measurements on 1590 males and females ranging in age from less than 1 year to 79 years show sex differences and age trends in the ratio of muscle mass to the mass of other body constituents. A difference first at approximately 12 years of age. While females show a continuous decrease in potassium concentration, males show a rapid increase between the ages of 14 and 16. During adult life both sexes show a persistent and parallel decrease, which may be related to physiologic aging. 相似文献
16.
Lloyd JE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,210(4470):669-671
Photuris males emit flashed signals matching those of unrelated sympatric forms (Photinus and Pyractomena species). Some have only one flash pattern matching that of another species, others mimic at least two species, as well as emitting "their own" species-specific pattern. They tend to restrict the mimicking signals, but not their own, to the habitats, seasons, and daily periods of the mimicked species. Since Photuris females prey on males of other firefly species by mimicking their females' flashes, the Photuris males may be using their mimicry to locate and seduce their own hunting females. This mimicry is without known parallel in other animal communicative systems. It explains why the genus Photuris has been a frustrating mystery to taxonomists, who have long used flash patterns to distinguish sibling species in other genera. 相似文献
17.
Spruck CH de Miguel MP Smith AP Ryan A Stein P Schultz RM Lincoln AJ Donovan PJ Reed SI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5619):647-650
We generated mice lacking Cks2, one of two mammalian homologs of the yeast Cdk1-binding proteins, Suc1 and Cks1, and found them to be viable but sterile in both sexes. Sterility is due to failure of both male and female germ cells to progress past the first meiotic metaphase. The chromosomal events up through the end of prophase I are normal in both CKS2-/- males and females, suggesting that the phenotype is due directly to failure to enter anaphase and not a consequence of a checkpoint-mediated metaphase I arrest. 相似文献
18.
Brown K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5478):369-371
On page 441 of this issue, evolutionary biologists showcase the purple-throated carib hummingbird as a rare example of food supply--in this case, flower shape--spurring the evolution of a sexual dimorphism, or a feature that differs between males and females. On St. Lucia, an island in the West Indies, female caribs sport bills a third longer and twice as curved as those of their male counterparts--one of the most extreme bill differences between the sexes in any hummingbird species. In the paper, the researchers link these "whoppingly dimorphic bills" to the specific flowers the male and female caribs frequent. 相似文献
19.
白足蚜小蜂(Aphelinus albipodus)是蚜虫重要内寄生蜂之一，为更好地利用白足蚜小蜂防控农林害虫，在室内以桃蚜（Myzus persicae）饲养并在体视显微镜下观察记录，对其成虫生物学特性进行研究。结果表明，白足蚜小蜂羽化时间集中在6:00-10:00。羽化当天即可进行交配，交配过程可分为4个阶段，分别为求偶、交配前期、交配及交配后期。交配过程耗时148.5 s±10 s。雌雄同性间存在交配竞争。一头雌蜂在观察的3 h内可与1.8±0.2头未交配雄蜂交配，雄蜂可与10.4±2.0个雌蜂交配。白足蚜小蜂可进行孤雌生殖和两性生殖，孤雌生殖的后代均为雄性，一头雌蜂24 h孤雌生殖18.8±1.0头雄性子蜂；两性生殖可产9.9±1.1头雌蜂及6.6±0.4头雄蜂。寄生过程可划分为搜寻寄主、试探寄主、产卵寄生或取食寄主及清扫梳理5个步骤。从产卵寄生到成蜂羽化需要10~14 d。白足蚜小蜂喜欢在上午羽化，羽化后即可交配，雌雄蜂均可多次交配，同性个体间存在交配竞争，以孤雌和两性生殖繁衍后代，完成一个生活史需10~14 d。 相似文献
20.
The cardiac glycosides that monarch butterflies sequester from milkweed plants during the larval stage differ remarkably in their emetic potency and are concentrated to different degrees in the various parts of the body as well as in the two sexes (Fig. 1). The very high concentrations of these compounds in the wings probably facilitate learned taste rejection in predators and account for the relatively high frequency of Danaid butterflies with beak-marked wings in natural populations. The cardiac glycosides in the abdomen have a much higher emetic potency than those in the rest of the body. Consequently, naive, extremely hungry, or forgetful birds which capture and peck off the wings but eat the abdomen discard the least emetic glycosides and ingest the most emetic, and thus again experience emesis. The nonrandom distribution of cardenolides in the wings, abdomen, and thorax, together with the fact that monarch males not only contain lower concentrations of cardiac glycosides than females but also contain cardenolides that are overall less emetic than those in females, is interpreted as evidence that these poisons are incorporated at a physiological cost. This cost, balanced against the benefits of protection from predation, provides a selective basis for the occurrence of both emetic and nonemetic individuals in natural populations. Since birds can discriminate emetic from nonemetic monarchs on the basis of taste, it is not necessary to invoke theories of kind of group selection to explain the evolution of this kind of unpalatability. 相似文献