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1.
添加保护性脂肪或豆油对奶牛纤维素瘤胃降解率和表观消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,分别在4个阶段饲喂日粮(I基础日粮+棕榈油脂肪粉400g/d)、日粮I(I基础日粮+棕榈油脂肪酸钙400g/d)、日粮II(I基础日粮+豆油400g/d)和日粮Ⅳ(基础日粮)4种日粮,研究了棕榈油脂肪粉、棕榈油脂肪酸钙、豆油对纤维素瘤胃降解率和表观消化率的影响。结果表明:各试验组有降低日粮NDF、ADF、CF瘤胃降解率的趋势,添加豆油组72hNDF、CF瘤胃降解率与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),除个别时间点外添加棕榈油脂肪粉组NDF、ADF、CF瘤胃降解率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);添加棕榈油脂肪粉组、棕榈油脂肪酸钙组日粮DM、NDF、ADF、CF表观消化率与对照组差异不显著。 相似文献
2.
试验旨在研究饲粮中添加小麦低聚肽对肉羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和小肠形态的影响。试验选取30只体重[（35.58±3.18）kg]相近的4月龄小尾寒羊公羊，随机分为2组，每组15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组饲喂基础日粮+0.3%小麦低聚肽，试验期60 d。结果表明：(1)试验组第16～30 d平均日增重显著高于对照组（P<0.05），料重比显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。(2)试验组干物质、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙和磷的表观消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。(3)试验组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组（P<0.05），十二指肠、空肠和回肠的隐窝深度显著低于对照组（P<0.05），十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）值显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。试验结果表明，小麦低聚肽可通过改变小尾寒羊小肠的形态、提高营养物质表观消化率，进而提高生长性能。 相似文献
3.
试验研究了日粮添加复合异位酸对山羊小肠氨基酸流通量和表观消化率的影响。采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,选用3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠近端瘘管和回肠远端瘘管、平均体重为(25.4±0.75)kg的健康麻城黑山羊为试验动物。I组为空白对照,饲喂基础日粮。II组、III组分别饲喂含0.3%和0.6%复合异位酸(钠盐形式)的试验日粮。采用Co-EDTA标记法测定小肠氨基酸流通量和表观消化率。结果显示:III组缬氨酸和异亮氨酸十二指肠流通量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),亮氨酸和必需氨基酸显著高于对照组(P0.05);缬氨酸和丙氨酸的小肠表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。II组缬氨酸和异亮氨酸十二指肠流通量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。III组异亮氨酸十二指肠流通量显著高于II组(P0.05)。 相似文献
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旨在研究饲粮中添加牛至精油对甘肃高山细毛羊肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。本试验筛选30只健康状况良好、体况相近的60日龄甘肃高山细毛羊,随机分为3组,每组10只,分别为对照组,添加2和4g·d-1牛至精油组(Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组)。饲喂3个月后每组随机屠宰6只,屠宰后取背最长肌和半腱肌测定脂肪酸组成和共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量。结果表明:1)Ⅰ组母羊和Ⅱ组公羊血液高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度显著低于对照组母羊(P<0.05),其他血液生化参数无显著性差异。2)各部位肌肉脂肪酸以油酸(C18:1n9c)和棕榈酸(C16:0)为主;背最长肌中,对照组母羊MUFA、UFA含量显著高于该组公羊(P<0.05),而n-6PUFA含量显著低于该组公羊(P<0.05),Ⅰ组公羊SFA含量显著高于Ⅱ组公羊(P<0.05);Ⅱ组公羊MUFA含量显著高于该组母羊及对照组、Ⅰ组公羊(P<0.05),Ⅱ组母羊PUFA含量显著高于该组公羊及对照组、Ⅰ组母羊(P<0.05),Ⅰ组公羊UFA含量显著低于Ⅱ组公羊(P<0.05);半腱肌中,对照组公羊PUFA、n-6PUFA及n-3PUFA含量显著高于该组母羊(P<0.05),Ⅱ组公羊MUFA含量显著高于对照组及Ⅰ组公羊(P<0.05),Ⅰ组公羊n-6/n-3含量显著高于该组母羊(P<0.05)。3)各部位肌肉c9t11-CLA含量均为母羊高于公羊,且Ⅰ组母羊c9t11-CLA含量显著高于该组公羊(P<0.05);Ⅱ组公羊和母羊背最长肌c9t11-CLA含量分别显著高于对照组公羊和母羊(P<0.05),与Ⅰ组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,甘肃高山细毛羊肌肉脂肪酸组成因动物性别、组织部位、添加剂添加量不同而存在差异;日粮中添加牛至精油可提高其肌肉CLA含量,且4g·d^-1添加量效果优于2g·d^-1。 相似文献
5.
蛋氨酸锌对山羊瘤胃环境和营养物质消化代谢的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以蛋氨酸锌(ZnMet)作为日粮中锌的来源,饲喂3只装有瘤胃瘘管的黑山羊,与饲喂等量锌(ZnO)—蛋氨酸日粮和对照日粮相比较研究ZnMet对瘤胃环境和日粮的营养物质消化代谢的影响。饲喂ZnMet时,瘤胃内NH_3—N浓度显著降低(P<0.05),锌元素浓度较ZnO组低(P<0.05),pH值相似,挥发性脂肪酸含量各组间无显著差异。ZnMet和ZnO两组日粮间蛋白质的吸收率没有显著差异,但都较对照组高(P<0.05)。ZnMet日粮Zn的表观吸收率显著地高于ZnO组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
6.
试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及日粮养分降解率的影响。选用4头平均体重为（350±15）kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛,釆用4×4拉丁方设计,设1个对照组、3个试验组：对照组（CON组）饲喂基础日粮,LO组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油;LOM组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸;LOMS组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸+47.5 g/d小苏打（NaHCO3）。在正试期第3、4天采集瘤胃液测定其脂肪酸含量,在正试期第5、6天采用尼龙袋法测定饲料在瘤胃内的降解率。结果显示：除了饲喂后6 h瘤胃t11-C18：1含量外,3个试验组在各个时间点的瘤胃各脂肪酸含量均显著高于CON组（P<0.05）,且3个试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;与CON组相比,LO组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有所降低,但LOM和LOMS组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有一定程度提高。综合以上结果,日粮中单独或同时添加胡麻油、苹果酸均有利于提高延边黄牛瘤胃液中的脂肪酸含量;日粮中单独添加胡麻油会降低日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率,而同时添加胡麻油和苹果酸在一定程度上可提高日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率。 相似文献
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以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的经产荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究在日粮中添加不同油料籽实(即葵花籽、亚麻籽、菜籽)的外源脂肪,对奶牛瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量变化的影响,以及对乳脂中共轭亚油酸(CLA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的比例以及血浆中长链脂肪酸比例变化的影响。3种日粮的粗脂肪含量基本相同。结果表明:日粮中添加3种不同油料籽实,对奶牛瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量及乙/丙比影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对乳脂中的共轭亚油酸(CLA)比例及其他多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比例的影响差异显著(P<0.05)。葵花籽作为外源脂肪显著提高乳脂中CLA的比例;3组间的血浆中C14:0、C16:0、C18:0的比例差异不显著(P>0.05),菜籽组C18:1的比例显著高于亚麻籽组和葵花籽组(P<0.05),而后2组则差异不显著(P>0.05),亚麻籽组和葵花籽组t-C18:1、C18:2的比例与菜籽组的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),而亚麻籽组和葵花籽组则差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(1)
研究选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的奶牛作为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,对照组(F0组)饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加20 g(F1组)和40 g(F2组)单宁酸,研究不同剂量的单宁酸对奶牛蛋白质代谢效率的影响。研究结果表明:单宁酸能显著提高瘤胃氨氮浓度、十二指肠食糜CP含量和氮全消化道消化率(P0.05),且F2组显著高于F1组(P0.05),F1组显著高于F0组(P0.05);单宁酸能显著提高瘤胃食糜中CP含量和奶牛机体沉积氮的含量(P0.05),并能显著降低奶牛尿囊素、尿嘌呤衍生物、微生物氮、粪氮、尿氮和瘤胃食糜氮消化率(P0.05),但F2组和F1组间差异不显著(P0.05);单宁酸能提高奶牛过瘤胃蛋白质含量,降低粪尿中氮的排放。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同处理的全株玉米青贮对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化、血清生化指标的影响。选择100只湖羊随机分成4组，每组5个重复，每个重复5只羊。对照组湖羊饲喂无添加剂的全株玉米青贮，试验组湖羊分别饲喂经有机酸（有机酸组）、益生菌（益生菌组）、菌酶制剂（菌酶组）处理的全株玉米青贮。预试期7 d，正式试验期90 d。结果表明，各试验组肉羊的末重、平均日增重显著高于对照组（P<0.05），料重比显著低于对照组（P<0.05），菌酶组肉羊的末重显著高于有机酸组及益生菌组（P<0.05）。各试验组肉羊的粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；菌酶组肉羊的粗蛋白消化率显著高于益生菌组（P<0.05），酸性洗涤纤维消化率显著高于有机酸组和益生菌组（P<0.05）。各试验组肉羊瘤胃的氨态氮含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05），菌酶组肉羊瘤胃的乙酸含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），益生菌组和菌酶组瘤胃丙酸含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，有机酸组、益生菌组、菌酶组肉羊血清总蛋白含量显著提高（P<0... 相似文献
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试验选择40头泌乳中期、胎次一致、泌乳量相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为5组,基础日粮中分别添加0、20、80、140、200 g/d的CLA(由CLA钙盐提供),预试期10 d,正试期50 d。正试期第1、10、20、30、40、50天测定乳产量、常规乳成分和乳脂中c9,t11-CLA含量。结果表明:在日粮中添加CLA对产奶量、乳蛋白和乳糖含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。随日粮中CLA添加量的增加,乳脂率呈指数关系降低(P<0.05);各试验组较对照组全期平均乳脂分别降低13.1%、19.7%2、0.7%和30.2%。随着CLA添加量的增加,乳脂中c9,t11-CLA的含量呈线性增长(P<0.05);各试验组较对照组乳脂中c9,t11-CLA含量分别提高了87.9%、143.5%、140.4%和276.7%,牛奶中c9,t11-CLA的含量分别提高61.7%、135.8%、116.0%和158.1%。 相似文献
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Pinard CL Weiss ML Brightman AH Fenwick BW Davidson HJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(1):104-108
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle. 相似文献
13.
The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims. 相似文献
14.
桑树的遗传变异特点及在品种选育中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国具有悠久的桑树栽培历史,拥有3 000余份桑树种质资源,分属15个桑种和4个变种,并逐渐形成适应不同生长环境的8个生态类型。依据已有的研究结果,综述桑树遗传变异的特点包括:广泛分布、自然有性杂交和异花授粉以及缺乏稳定性选择等,促进了桑树的突变发生,形成遗传变异的多样性;无性繁殖方式产生了丰富的无性系变异;性状遗传值中非加性效应占有较大比例;无性系品种间杂种一代存在复杂的多样性分离和经济性状的普遍退化;存在丰富的多倍体系列和普遍的混倍现象等。对桑树品种选育研究提出建议:基于桑树的高度杂合习性,不仅要重视研究不同品种中加性效应在遗传值中所占比率,更要研究非加性效应所占比率及充分利用的方法;基于桑树遗传变异的多样性和丰富的无性系变异,加强无性系和田间选优育种;利用桑树混倍现象,将培育多倍体特别是三倍体品种作为一条有效的多倍体育种途径。 相似文献
15.
Siamudaala VM Bwalya JM Munang'andu HM Munag'andu HM Sinyangwe PG Banda F Mweene AS Takada A Kida H 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2006,54(1):15-23
Anthrax is endemic in Western and North-western Provinces of Zambia. The disease occurs throughout the year and impacts negatively on the economy of the livestock industry and public health in Zambia. During 1989-1995, there were 1626 suspected cases of anthrax in cattle in Western province and of these 51 were confirmed. There were 220 cases of human anthrax cases in 1990 alone and 248 cases during 1991-1998 with 19.1% and 7.7% case fatality rates, respectively. Interplay of the ecology of affected areas and anthropogenic factors seem to trigger anthrax epidemics. Anthrax has drawn considerable attention in recent years due to its potential use as a biological weapon. In this paper, the history, current status and approaches towards the control of the disease in Zambia are discussed. Quarantine measures restrict trade of livestock and exchange of animals for draught power resulting in poor food security at household levels. Challenges of anthrax control are complex and comprise of socio-political, economical, environmental and cultural factors. Inadequate funding, lack of innovative disease control strategies and lack of cooperation from stakeholders are the major constraints to the control of the disease. It is hoped that the information provided here will stimulate continued awareness for the veterinary and medical authorities to maintain their surveillance and capabilities against the disease. This may lead to a culminating positive impact on livestock and human health in the southern African region. 相似文献
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b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
18.
Ismail Saidi Selemani Lars Olav Eik Øystein Holand Tormod Ådnøy Ephraim Mtengeti Daniel Mushi 《Livestock Science》2013,157(1):173-183
The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production. 相似文献
19.
兰州地区苜蓿和红豆草根际溶磷菌筛选及菌株部分特性研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用溶磷圈法对苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷细菌进行了分离,共获得分离物386个,其中137个具有溶磷能力.苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷菌数量分布有差异.其数量为RS>RP>NRS>HP.对筛选获得的12株溶磷圈较大的菌株进行菌落形态特征观察发现,大多数菌落呈灰白色或乳白色、不规则、半透明、边缘不整齐、突起、无光泽、无色素.进一步利用钼蓝比色法对菌株分解磷矿粉能力测定显示,各菌株分解磷矿粉能力差异较大,溶磷量最大为338.4mg/ml,最小为25.9mg/ml,这与其自身溶磷机制有关.溶磷量与菌株培养液pH值之间存在显著相关性.12株菌株大部分具有分泌IAA的能力,其中LM6和LH9分泌IAA能力较强. 相似文献