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1.
Martin E. Coster‡ José A. Ramos-Vara† Ramesh Vemulapalli† Jean Stiles Sheryl G. Krohne 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(1):53-57
A 7-year-old male llama was examined for a 3-month history of weight loss, and unilateral keratouveitis. Clinical examination revealed nonulcerative corneal stromal abscessation, corneal vascularization, corneal edema, miosis, posterior synechia, cataract, and fibrin in the anterior chamber of the right eye. The left eye was normal. Histopathology of the right eye following enucleation revealed pyogranulomatous keratouveitis with intralesional fungal spherules consistent with Coccidioides spp. PCR amplification with DNA sequencing confirmed Coccidioides posadasii infection. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of ocular coccidioidomycosis in a llama. 相似文献
2.
Sandra Schoeniger Ludvik R Donner William G Van Alstine 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(5):499-503
A 6-year-old female llama presented with buphthalmos of its right eye owing to the presence of an intraocular mass. The affected globe was enucleated and submitted for microscopic examination. The intraocular mass was diagnosed as malignant medulloepithelioma. Within the following months, the llama developed soft tissue masses, which completely filled the right orbital cavity and expanded the cranial portion of the right mandibular bone, and enlarged mandibular lymph nodes. Euthanasia was elected 30 months after the initial diagnosis. The carcass was submitted for postmortem examination, which revealed the presence of medulloepithelioma metastases within the right orbit, mandible, mandibular lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and mesenteric and sublumbar lymph nodes. The primary intraocular tumor and its metastases were composed of neoplastic undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells, which formed tubules, Flexner-Wintersteiner and Homer Wright rosettes, and rare solid sheets. Electron microscopy showed that tumor cells were connected by desmosome-like junctions and contained rare intracytoplasmic basal bodies. Neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, nestin, microtubule-associated protein 1B, S-100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a malignant nonteratoid ocular medulloepithelioma with distant metastases in a llama and of the ultrastructural and extended immunohistochemical characterization of a nonteratoid medulloepithelioma in this species. 相似文献
3.
A case of myxoid leiomyosarcoma likely of iris dilator muscle origin in the enucleated eye of a 6-year-old domestic short haired cat is reported. The poorly demarcated mass expanded the iris, partially filled the globe and extended into the optic nerve. The mass was composed of spindle cells separated by abundant matrix positive for mucopolysaccharides with alcian blue. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for smooth muscle actin (SMA), S100 and vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin, Melan-A, glial fibrillary protein (GFAP) and desmin. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis 6 months after enucleation. 相似文献
4.
A 9-month-old llama was evaluated for apparent blindness. Bilateral cataracts were diagnosed and cataract surgery was performed on the right eye. At the time of surgery persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis, and a persistent hyaloid artery were observed. Prior to surgery Power Doppler ultrasound revealed a patent tunica vasculosa lentis OS. Despite reports of a poor success rate for llama cataract surgery, through use of careful tissue handling, phacoemulsification, viscoelastic endothelial protectants, anti-inflammatories, and BSS-Plus irrigating solution, vision was successfully restored in both eyes of the llama. 相似文献
5.
Reasons for study: The effect of unilateral enucleation on vision and potential loss of performance in horses has received little study. Objective: To evaluate the likelihood of return to prior discipline following unilateral enucleation in horses, assessing the role of age at enucleation, equine discipline, reason for enucleation, time to vision loss and eye enucleated. Hypothesis: Unilateral enucleation has no significant effect on likelihood of return to work in horses, for both right and left eyes, across age and discipline. Method: A retrospective review of medical records identified 92 horses that underwent unilateral enucleation at the University of Pennsylvania New Bolton Center from April 2000–April 2008. Case variables determined from the medical record included breed and sex of horse, age at enucleation, which eye was enucleated, reason for enucleation and onset of vision loss. Pre‐ and post operative occupations were determined by telephone interview with the owner or trainer of each horse. Results: Based on hospital surgery logs, 92 enucleations were performed over the 8 year period and 77 records were available for review, with follow‐up information available for 34 horses. Of these, 29/34 (85%) horses returned to work in pleasure or trail riding (11/13), flat racing (7/10), hunter/jumpers (4/4), dressage (3/3), group lessons (1/1), eventing (1/1), steeplechase (1/1) and as a broodmare (1/1). Four of 5 horses (4/34, or 12% sample) that did not return to work (2 pleasure and 2 racing) were retired due to anticipated or perceived decrease in performance or behaviour change following unilateral enucleation, with the remaining horse retired from racing for lameness issues unrelated to enucleation. Twenty‐two of 25 horses (88%) with acute vision loss and 7/9 horses (78%) with gradual vision loss returned to their previous discipline. Conclusions: Horses are able to return to a variety of occupations after unilateral enucleation. 相似文献
6.
This retrospective study was initiated to identify complications of anaesthesia occurring during ocular surgery. Records of 74 horses anaesthetised for eye enucleation, 65 horses anaesthetised for surgery of the eye and adnexa, and 51 horses anaesthetised for splint bone excision were reviewed. Fifty-three percent of the horses anaesthetised for eye enucleation moved during surgery which was significantly more frequent than in the other groups (P = 0.001). The incidence of moving was significantly reduced by use of an anaesthetic gas analyser for monitoring (P = 0.001). Transient hypertension was measured in 6 horses during removal of the eye. One horse experienced a momentary decrease in heart rate from 36 to 26 beats/min at the start of surgery involving a mass on the third eyelid. The incidence of unsatisfactory recovery from anaesthesia involving multiple attempts to stand was significantly greater after ocular surgery than after splint bone excision (P = 0.036). Our conclusions were 1) the oculocardiac reflex was not active in these horses undergoing ocular surgery, 2) increased attention must be paid to provision of analgesia and adequate depth of anaesthesia, which may be facilitated by use of an anaesthetic gas analyser and 3) horses were at greater risk for unsatisfactory recoveries from anaesthesia after ocular surgery. 相似文献
7.
An orbital sialocele developed in a dog following enucleation for protracted glaucoma. This eye had historically been treated for keratoconjunctivitis sicca by parotid duct transposition approximately 5 years previously, and the duct was ligated distally at the time of enucleation. One month following enucleation, the dog presented with a fluctuant conical-shaped swelling ventrolateral to the orbital socket. Surgical exploration revealed a dilated, fibrotic distal portion of the previously transposed parotid duct, and saliva, within the enucleated orbit. The distal portion of the duct and saliva-containing tissues from within the orbit were excised. The remaining proximal normal portion of the parotid duct was re-routed into the oral cavity. Clinicopathologic and histologic examination of the excised orbital contents and dilated portion of duct revealed a sterile sample of saliva and moderate chronic periductal fibrosis. At a 6-month re-evaluation there was no evidence of recurrence of the sialocele, and the parotid duct was functional. 相似文献
8.
Objective— To report a technique for eye enucleation in standing sedated horses and to report outcome in 40 horses.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Horses (n=40) requiring eye enucleation.
Methods— The eye was enucleated using a transpalpebral technique in 40 horses restrained in stocks and sedated. Anesthesia of orbital structures was provided by local nerve blocks and infiltration of the surgical site with local anesthetic solution.
Results— Affected eyes were successfully enucleated with the horse standing. Short-term complications included moderate swelling (5 horses) and wound discharge (1). Long-term complications were not observed.
Conclusions— A diseased eye can be safely enucleated with a horse standing.
Clinical Relevance— Enucleating an equine eye in the standing position eliminates the risks and costs of general anesthesia. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Horses (n=40) requiring eye enucleation.
Methods— The eye was enucleated using a transpalpebral technique in 40 horses restrained in stocks and sedated. Anesthesia of orbital structures was provided by local nerve blocks and infiltration of the surgical site with local anesthetic solution.
Results— Affected eyes were successfully enucleated with the horse standing. Short-term complications included moderate swelling (5 horses) and wound discharge (1). Long-term complications were not observed.
Conclusions— A diseased eye can be safely enucleated with a horse standing.
Clinical Relevance— Enucleating an equine eye in the standing position eliminates the risks and costs of general anesthesia. 相似文献
9.
10.
Dunkel B Sweeney RW Habecker PL Komaromy AM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(2):181-183
This report describes a unique case of presumed migration of Parelaphastrongylus tenuis through the spinal cord into the eye of a llama where it survived and matured within the ocular environment. Blindness of the eye was most likely attributable to migration of the parasite through the central nervous tissue. 相似文献
11.
Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso Mariana Lucía Bertuzzi Nicolás Velásquez González Marcelo H. Miragaya Maria Ignacia Carretero 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(7):958-964
Semen cryopreservation is not available for massive use in South American Camelids (SACs) due to the lack of an efficient protocol and the low pregnancy rates obtained with artificial insemination (AI). The use of a single cryoprotectant (CP) is commonly used in SACs frozen semen. The objective of the study was to evaluate the combined cryoprotective capacity of two permeable CPs at different stages of the cryopreservation protocol in llama semen. Sixteen ejaculates from 4 llama males were analysed, and sperm quality was assayed in raw semen, at 5°C, after equilibration of samples with the CPs and when samples were thawed. The following CPs and combination were used: 6% glycerol (GL), 6% dimethylformamide (DMF) and the combination of both CPs: 3% GL and 3% DMF. A Kruskal–Wallis test and an experimental factorial design, considering one factor with four levels (raw semen, 6% GL, 6% DMF and GL/DMF), were used. Total sperm motility and live sperm with intact acrosomes remained unchanged after equilibration of samples (p > .05). A significant decrease in the percentage of functional membrane, motile and live sperm with intact acrosomes was observed when samples were thawed (GL, DMF and GL/DMF). Nevertheless, the cryopreservation protocols used preserved sperm DNA quality; thus, sperm chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation were unaffected (p > .05) when GL, DMF and GL/DMF were used. To conclude, no superiority was found between the use of a single or a combination of permeable cryoprotectants to freeze llama semen. 相似文献
12.
Na Young Yi Shin Ae Park† Man Bok Jeong‡ Won Tae Kim† Se Eun Kim† Ji Youn Kim§ Je Min Chae¶ Kyoung Jin Jang Je Kyung Seong†† Kang Moon Seo† 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(3):139-151
Objective To evaluate motility of silicone orbital implants and corneoscleral prostheses, with and without use of a motility coupling post (MCP) in dogs.
Animals studied Eighteen mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures The motility of an orbital silicone implant and corneoscleral prosthesis after enucleation ( n = 6), evisceration ( n = 6), or use of a MCP with evisceration ( n = 6) in dogs were compared. One eye from each dog had surgery whereas the opposite eye was used as a control. Clinical evaluations were performed three times a week. Histopathology of the orbital tissues was performed 8 and 12 weeks after surgery.
Results Implant motility in dogs with evisceration (vertical movement [VM] 8.04 ± 2.13; horizontal movement [HM] 11 ± 3.05) and evisceration with MCP (VM 9.61 ± 1.59); HM was significantly greater than the enucleation group (VM 0.51 ± 0.5; HM 1.22 ± 0.68) ( P < 0.01). Prosthetic motility in dogs with evisceration with MCP was significantly greater than in dogs with evisceration; dogs with evisceration had significantly greater motility than dogs with enucleation ( P < 0.01). No postoperative complications were observed in any of the groups. No significant abnormalities were noted on histopathology.
Conclusions MCP placement in silicone orbital implants significantly enhanced the prosthetic motility in dogs. This study supports the use of MCP in silicone orbital implants to enhance corneoscleral prosthesis motility and cosmetics in dogs. 相似文献
Animals studied Eighteen mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures The motility of an orbital silicone implant and corneoscleral prosthesis after enucleation ( n = 6), evisceration ( n = 6), or use of a MCP with evisceration ( n = 6) in dogs were compared. One eye from each dog had surgery whereas the opposite eye was used as a control. Clinical evaluations were performed three times a week. Histopathology of the orbital tissues was performed 8 and 12 weeks after surgery.
Results Implant motility in dogs with evisceration (vertical movement [VM] 8.04 ± 2.13; horizontal movement [HM] 11 ± 3.05) and evisceration with MCP (VM 9.61 ± 1.59); HM was significantly greater than the enucleation group (VM 0.51 ± 0.5; HM 1.22 ± 0.68) ( P < 0.01). Prosthetic motility in dogs with evisceration with MCP was significantly greater than in dogs with evisceration; dogs with evisceration had significantly greater motility than dogs with enucleation ( P < 0.01). No postoperative complications were observed in any of the groups. No significant abnormalities were noted on histopathology.
Conclusions MCP placement in silicone orbital implants significantly enhanced the prosthetic motility in dogs. This study supports the use of MCP in silicone orbital implants to enhance corneoscleral prosthesis motility and cosmetics in dogs. 相似文献
13.
Bonnie S. Barr VMD Olga Seco MRCVS Jane Axon BVSc MACVSc Margaret M. Sleeper VMD DACVIM A.N. Baird DVM DACVS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(4):287-291
Objective: To describe the diagnosis and treatment of a pregnanat llama with perticardlts.
Summary: A 2-year-old female llama presented for lethargy of several days' duration. Partinent physical examination findings included tachycardia. muffled heart sounds, tachpnea and lethargy. Electrocardiography revealed tachycardia, second-degree AV block and electrical alternans. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of pericardial effusion and cardiac compromise. Thoracic sonogram revealed pleural effusion. Treatment included intravenous fluids, systemic antimicrobials, systemic anti-inflammatories, thoracocentesis and eventual pericardiocentesis with daily drainage and lavage. No etiological agent was identified. The llama reponded well to therapy well to therapy and a 3.5-month and 2-year follow-up revealed no cardiac problems.
New information provided: This is the first case report of pericarditis in a llama with treatment and a favorable outcome. 相似文献
Summary: A 2-year-old female llama presented for lethargy of several days' duration. Partinent physical examination findings included tachycardia. muffled heart sounds, tachpnea and lethargy. Electrocardiography revealed tachycardia, second-degree AV block and electrical alternans. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of pericardial effusion and cardiac compromise. Thoracic sonogram revealed pleural effusion. Treatment included intravenous fluids, systemic antimicrobials, systemic anti-inflammatories, thoracocentesis and eventual pericardiocentesis with daily drainage and lavage. No etiological agent was identified. The llama reponded well to therapy well to therapy and a 3.5-month and 2-year follow-up revealed no cardiac problems.
New information provided: This is the first case report of pericarditis in a llama with treatment and a favorable outcome. 相似文献
14.
An 18-month-old llama was admitted with severe (45 degrees and 40 degrees) bilateral carpal valgus. The llama had grown normally until it was 6 months old, when the carpal deviations had commenced. Radiography revealed abnormalities at the distal ulnar physes. Premature closure of these physes or abnormal distal ulnar growth may have been the cause of the carpal valgus. The owners requested surgical correction of the condition. Medial wedge osteotomies of each radius were performed 3 weeks apart. Internal fixation of the osteotomized radial bones was accomplished with small right-angled T plates, and the limbs were placed in full-limb casts for 3 weeks and tube casts for 3 more weeks. Both limbs healed in straight alignment, and the llama was able to walk and run normally. Dorsal subluxation of the right radiocarpal joint was noticed after the operation. This was believed to be caused by the uncorrected dorsal bowing of the distal portion of the radius, which had occurred secondary to the severe carpal valgus. 相似文献
15.
A matched observational study of survival in cats with enucleation due to diffuse iris melanoma 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Although a small number of cases of feline diffuse iris melanoma have been documented to metastasize, the prognosis is not known. In this matched observational study, the survival time of 34 cats with enucleation due to histologically confirmed diffuse iris melanoma was recorded. These results are compared to the survival times of 83 age-matched control cats. Affected cats had enucleation between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. One group of control cats with eye disease had enucleation for either lymphoplasmacytic uveitis (27 cases), ocular trauma (seven cases), or endophthalmitis (four cases). In these control cats, enucleations were performed between 2 and 10 years prior to this study. Forty-five additional control cats presented for vaccination between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. The extent of diffuse iris melanoma at the time of enucleation in affected cats was graded according to the extent of involvement of ocular tissues and the invasiveness of the tumor. Affected cats have a significantly decreased survival compared with control cats and cats with extensive tumors at the time of enucleation have the lowest survival rates. Cats with tumors confined to the iris survive at the same rate as controls. These results suggests that early enucleation is important to avoid premature death, presumed to be due to cancer metastasis in cats with diffuse iris melanoma. 相似文献
16.
Camelid mucoutaneous fibropapillomas: clinicopathologic findings and association with papillomavirus
Schulman FY Krafft AE Janczewski T Reupert R Jackson K Garner MM 《Veterinary pathology》2003,40(1):103-107
Five camelid mucocutaneous fibropapillomas with histologic features similar to equine sarcoids were diagnosed. They were characterized by a dermal fibroblastic proliferation and overlying, often ulcerated hyperplastic epidermis with thin rete pegs extending down into the dermis. Two of the tumors came from llamas and three from alpacas. Four of the animals were 6-year-old females. The fifth was a 6-year-old castrated male. The fibropapillomas were located on the nose, lip, and cheeks. One of the llama tumors waxed and waned before surgery and recurred and spread after surgery. None of the other tumors recurred. All five tumors were positive for papillomavirus (PV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction testing. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR product from one of the llama fibropapillomas confirmed a unique PV. This report provides the microscopic and clinical features of fibropapillomas in camelids as well as evidence for a PV etiology. 相似文献
17.
18.
Hans D. Westermeyer Daniel A. Ward Jacqueline C. Whittemore Jeremiah A. Lyons 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(6):459-463
An 8‐year‐old, brachycephalic, mixed breed cat underwent full mouth tooth extractions for the treatment of tooth root abscessation. Subsequently, the cat developed anterior uveitis refractory to topical therapy that eventually necessitated enucleation. Actinomyces species were isolated from both the tooth root abscesses and the anterior chamber after enucleation. Histopathology of the enucleated eye revealed panophthalmitis with abundant intralesional bacteria morphologically consistent with Actinomyces. Between the time of tooth root extraction and enucleation (20 weeks), the cat was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and treated with oral steroids for inflammatory bowel syndrome. We believe this report represents a rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to dental disease, possibly precipitated by concurrent immunosuppression. 相似文献
19.
Bret A. Moore Jessica Robertson Danielle K. Tarbert Kathryn L. Good Joanne R. Paul‐Murphy 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(2):409-413
A 10‐year‐old male castrated Holland Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was presented for severe ulcerative stromal keratitis of the right eye and a luxated hypermature cataract and glaucoma of the left eye. Staged bilateral enucleation was elected. A LigaSure? electrosurgical bipolar vessel‐sealing device was used as a means to minimize intraoperative and post‐operative hemorrhage, especially that associated with the orbital venous plexus. The LigaSure? was used to ligate and transect all extraocular muscles, the optic nerve bundle, and the base of the third eyelid with no complications encountered. Overall, the LigaSure? was easy to use, resulted in minimal hemorrhage, and reduced surgery time. This is the first report of the use of a LigaSure? to aid in the enucleation of a rabbit. Although only positive results were achieved as an alternative to conventional methodologies, its use in clinical practice should be that of caution until a larger study evaluating the long‐term results is performed. 相似文献
20.
Gionfriddo JR Davidson H Asem EK Krohne SG 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(10):1294-1297
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the tears of llamas, sheep, and cattle contain lysozyme and compare lysozyme concentrations in tears among these species. ANIMALS: 40 llamas, 5 sheep, and 36 cattle. PROCEDURE: Electrophoresis, western blot immunoassay for lysozyme, a spectrophotometric assay to detect tear lysozyme by its ability to lyse a suspension of Micrococcus lysodeiticus, and a microtiter plate colorometric assay were performed. RESULTS: A 13.6-kd protein band was detected by use of electrophoresis and western blot immunoassay in llama and sheep tears but not cattle tears. Results of spectrophotometric assay suggested that llama and sheep tears had high concentrations of lysozyme, whereas cattle tears had low concentrations. Results of the microtiter plate colorometric assay suggested that llama tears had high concentrations of lysozyme, whereas concentrations in sheep and cattle tears were lower. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lysozyme concentrations in tears may vary among species and this variability may contribute to differing susceptibilities to ocular diseases such as infectious keratoconjunctivitis. 相似文献