共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
典型土垫旱耕人为土主要常量元素的迁移富集特征、成因及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤中元素含量的分布特征反映了多个成土因素综合作用下土壤演变过程的结果。研究在黄土高原区关中平原西部地区采集两个典型的土垫旱耕人为土剖面,研究常量元素K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Fe、Al、Ti的分布特征及其成因。结果表明,土垫旱耕人为土剖面中,K、Fe、Al、Ti呈中高型分布,Ca、P、Na、Mg呈中低型分布。各元素的迁移能力表现为:Ca最强,P、Na、Mg、K次之,Fe、Al、Ti比较稳定。Ca、P、Na、Mg在剖面上的中低型分布主要是由自然环境下元素自身的淋溶迁移引起;稳定元素Fe、Al、Ti和弱迁移元素K在黏化B层(2Bt1层、2Bt2层)和干润淋溶土表层(2A层)的峰值则主要是由于暖湿气候条件下碳酸盐的强烈淋溶而呈现的相对富集。研究表明,关中地区典型土垫旱耕人为土元素地球化学特征的形成主要受控于气候的变化,人为作用的影响主要体现在有机碳和磷等养分元素在表层的富集上。 相似文献
2.
3.
研究了浙江省杭嘉湖平原泥垫旱耕人为土的成土特点和土壤剖面形态特征及理化性质。根据《中国土壤系统分类（修订方案）》的诊断标准，可把该区泥垫旱耕人为土归为普通的泥垫旱耕人为土亚类。 相似文献
4.
选择陕西关中土垫旱耕人为土地区为样区,以该地区代表性土壤土垫旱耕人为土(土)为研究对象,在野外调查、室内分析及查阅大量有关剖面资料的基础上,根据中国土壤系统分类体系,对土垫旱耕人为土(土)的基层分类进行了研究。研究表明,应用土壤颗粒大小级别、矿物学型和土壤温度状况等3项指标对土族进行划分,在0~160cm的控制层段中小于2mm的土壤平均质地,多数剖面为粘壤土,少数为壤土或砂质壤土,矿物学型属伊利石型、伊利石混合型或蛭石型,土壤温度属温性或温热土壤温度状况。土垫旱耕人为土(土)土系的控制层段拟定为从表土层上界向下160cm,对于诊断层的底部在160cm以下的,则从表土层至诊断层的下部边界,特征土层有肥熟表层、土垫表层、暗沃表层、耕作淀积层、粘化层、粘质层、CaCO3高度淀积层、CaCO3中度淀积层、CaCO3低度淀积层、氧化还原层和稚育层。根据样区9个典型剖面,结合关中地区土垫旱耕人为土(土)的有关研究资料,划分了土族和土系,并描述了各土系的典型特征及土系间的变异情况。 相似文献
5.
宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土的成土特点及系统分类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土的成土特点和系统分类归属,在研究区内挖掘5个典型土壤剖面,经过剖面形态观测和分层取样分析,发现灌淤土主要的成土过程是人为耕作引起的土壤熟化过程、灌溉水和地下水共同作用引起的氧化还原过程以及灌溉水泥沙沉降引起的地表物理堆垫过程,有些地方还有盐渍化过程。依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》进行检索、鉴定,发现5个典型剖面的诊断依据有灌淤表层、肥熟表层、雏形层等诊断层和冷性土壤温度状况、石灰性和氧化还原特征等诊断特性以及钙积现象,5个典型剖面分别属于人为土土纲,旱耕人为土亚纲,灌淤旱耕人为土和肥熟旱耕人为土2个土类,斑纹灌淤旱耕人为土、灌淤肥熟旱耕人为土和普通灌淤旱耕人为土3个亚类。依据《中国土壤系统分类土族与土系划分标准》将5个剖面按照控制层段土壤颗粒大小、矿物学类型的不同,初步建立5个土族和5个土系。将典型剖面在不同分类系统中的位置进行参比研究,表明发生分类与系统分类虽然并非简单一对一的关系,但却具有优势的对应关系;5个典型剖面在发生分类中归属为灌淤土土类,在中国土壤系统分类归属中为灌淤旱耕人为土和肥熟旱耕人为土2个土类,在美国土壤系统分类中归属为Inceptisols土纲,Ustepts亚纲和Haplustepts土类;相比之下,发生分类和美国土壤系统分类较为稳定,定量化的中国土壤系统分类分异性较大,使分类更加全面、细化。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
黄土高原(土娄)土在<中国土壤系统分类(修订方案)>中属土垫旱耕人为土类的相应亚类,其土壤水分状况是诊断表层所属人为表层类堆垫表层(覆盖层)和诊断表下层(黏化层)的重要诊断特征.以土壤持水性能、蒸发性能和水分移动性能为切入点,对土覆盖层和黏化层的土壤水文效应进行研究论证,以期对土垫旱耕人为土类及其亚类的诊断层与诊断特征获取更深层的认识. 相似文献
9.
黄土高原(土娄)土在《中国土壤系统分类(修订方案)》中属土垫旱耕人为土类的相应亚类,其土壤水分状况是诊断表层所属人为表层类堆垫表层(覆盖层)和诊断表下层(黏化层)的重要诊断特征。以土壤持水性能、蒸发性能和水分移动性能为切入点,对(土娄)土覆盖层和黏化层的土壤水文效应进行研究论证,以期对土垫旱耕人为土类及其亚类的诊断层与诊断特征获取更深层的认识。 相似文献
10.
土垫时耕人为土是长期施用土粪，耕作，栽培等改良作用，定向培育使土垫表层逐渐增国的土壤。土垫表层厚度≥５０ｃｍ约有３０００年历史。它有物质迁移富集与淀积，大量侵入体进入，并有层次分化。土垫表层厚度变化与农业生产有密切的关系。据土垫表层，土垫表下层等诊断和诊断特性，土垫旱耕人为土划分五个亚类。 相似文献
11.
Trace elements in pedosequences II. Two Pararendzina-Pseudogley-sequences on loess Total amounts and fractions of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co and Ni extractable in boiling oxalate (replacing dithionite for analytical reasons), oxalate at room temperature and EDTA were determined in two hydro-pedosequences on loess ranging between Pararendzina-Braunerde-Parabraunerde-Pseudogley. The pedogenic influence on the depth functions of these trace elements was much weaker in the loess soils than in those on slates of part I of this study. With a few exceptions external additions seem to be masked by soil cultivation. Clay movement (Alfisols) produced maxima of Fe and Cu in the Bt horizon. Carbonates of the parent loess contain trace elements which are released into the soil during solum formation. As long as they exist in carbonates they are hardly extractable with oxalate but with EDTA. In contrast, after pedogenic decomposition of the carbonates in the B horizon their trace elements are now oxalate but no longer EDTA extractable. In the A horizon, where organic matter is involved the trace elements are again EDTA extractable. As in the soils from slate (part I) Cd behaves more similarly to Pb than to Zn. The total element balance indicates a slight gain of Pb and loss of Zn whereas the total amount of the other elements was essentially unchanged. Generally, the more mobile fractions increased during soil formation. 相似文献
12.
关中盆地全新世黄土-土壤剖面微量元素的地球化学特征及其古气候意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对老官台全新世黄土剖面12种微量元素的测定分析,结合本剖面已测定的粒度、磁化率、光释光(OSL)年龄,研究和揭示了它们在表生环境下的地球化学特征和古气候意义。微量元素在风化成壤过程中,其活动性由强至弱顺序为BaSrCdPbLiZnCuCrMnCoRbNi。其中Rb、Li、Cr、Co、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni八种元素在土壤形成过程中相对富集,含量较高;Sr、Ba、Cd三种元素在土壤中相对淋失,含量较低;但Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb五种元素对黄土层和土壤层的区别不是很明显。因此,Rb、Li、Cr、Co的高含量反映了较温湿的成壤环境,低含量反映了较冷干的粉尘加积环境;而Sr、Ba、Cd低含量反映了较温湿的成壤环境,高含量反映了较冷干的粉尘加积环境。Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Cd元素含量在表土层中的富集主要与现代耕作活动或工业污染有关,反映了人类活动强度的不断增强。LGT剖面主要微量元素的变化清楚地记录了关中盆地自末次冰消期以来气候环境经历的显著波动变化。 相似文献
13.
14.
Isela Lavilla A. V. Filgueiras F. Valverde J. Millos A. Palanca C. Bendicho 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,172(1-4):273-293
Depth concentration profiles of 26 elements, i.e. trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V and Zn), lithophiles (Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Na, K, Mg, Ca and Ti) and nutrients (C, P, N, S) have been established in a sediment core collected at the Respomuso Lake (Pyrenees, Spain). This high altitude lake of glacier origin was transformed into reservoir in the fifties of last century. Correlations among the depth profiles of the above elements were established. HCl-extractable elements, which are better related to bioavailability, followed the profiles of total contents. Principal component analysis was applied to establish the binding behaviour of trace elements in the sediment matrix and, in turn, to search for their anthropogenic or natural sources. It was seen that Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn clustered together, and with exception of Sr, they were not clearly associated with any major component of the sediment. Their depth profiles correlate well with each other, hence indicating their presence as a result of atmospheric pollution. Redox-sensitive elements such as Fe and Mn follow a similar trend along the vertical profile. Depth profiles of As an Co correlate well with those of Fe and Mn. Principal component analysis showed that As, Co, Fe and Mn clustered together, which confirms the close association of As and Co with Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides. As concentrations in many strata exceed the ERM value, and therefore, significant biological effects are expected. Dissolution of minerals such as pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena taking part in the mineralogy of this area accounts for the As concentration found. Ba, Cr, Rb and V were associated with the sediment matrix (aluminosilicates), hence showing low mobility. 相似文献
15.
Asubiojo O. I. Aina P. O. Oluwole A. F. Arshed W. Akanle O. A. Spyrou N. M. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,(1):819-828
The effects of cement production on the elemental composition of soils in the neighborhood of two cement factories in Nigeria have been investigated using the XRF and PIXE/RBS techniques. The concentration of 21 elements viz:-Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Pb, As, Zr, Rb and Br, were determined in about 30 samples. Calcium, P, S, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn, were found to be relatively enriched in the soils of the cement factory premises. Calcium, a cement marker element, was found to be well correlated with Mg, S, Fe, Ni and Cu in the soils, and inversely proportional to the Si and Ti concentrations. From Ca/Si ratios and enrichment factors of the marker elements, it was found that soil contamination due to cement drops sharply with distance from the factories, and with increasing depth from the surface. 相似文献
16.
Data are presented for 32 elements (Li, Be, B, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba,
La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Hf, Tl, Pb, Bi) in organic-rich surface soils in Norway, based on samples from 464 sites. By considering
geographical distributions based on isopleths, results from factor analysis, and ANOVA of median values from 12 different
geographical regions, the contributions from natural and anthropogenic sources are estimated for each element. Long-range
atmospheric transport of pollutants from areas out of Norway is a dominant source for Cd, Sb, Pb, and Bi and also a strongly
contributing factor for Zn, As, Mo, and Tl. Also V, Ni, Cu, and Ge are somewhat affected, but other factors dominate for these
elements. Local point sources of pollution provide significant contributions to soil concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo,
and Cd. The local bedrock is the overriding source of Li, Be, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Rb, Zr, Cs, Ba, REE, Hf, and probably of Ge and
Ag. Surface enrichment by root uptake in plants and return to the soil surface by decaying plant material is particularly
evident for Mn, Zn, Rb, Cs, and Ba. These elements show no clear difference between south and north in the country, indicating
that their plant uptake does not depend on latitude. In the case of B and Sr, atmospheric deposition of marine aerosols is
an important source. Rb and Ag, and to a less extent Mn, Ga, and Ba, appear to be depleted in soils near the coast presumably
due to cation exchange with airborne marine cations. 相似文献
17.
湖南张家界典型植烟土壤地球化学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究张家界山地植烟区域土壤的成土环境及地球化学元素的丰缺状况和迁移富集规律,为烟区优质特色烟叶的生产和布局提供科学依据,本文采集23个长期耕种的典型植烟土壤剖面样品,测定分析了25种地球化学元素(氧化物)的含量,并对土壤的风化发育状况和元素(氧化物)的迁移富集特征进行了研究。结果表明,张家界烟区主要成土母质如石灰岩、板页岩、紫色砂页岩风化物均受到了较强的风化作用,化学风化指数(CIA)介于73.19～88.03之间,总体上土壤具有Ca、Na贫乏而Fe、Al相对富集的化学组成特征。其中紫色砂页岩风化物发育形成的紫色土的风化作用较强,土壤的淋溶作用较强;石灰岩风化物发育形成的土壤富铝化程度较低。黄壤、水稻土、紫色土中地球化学元素多数表现出一定的富集特征,大量有益营养元素的富集对于提高烟叶产量具有重要作用。土壤剖面淋溶层中元素(氧化物)P、B、Se、Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Y、Sc、La、Fe2O3、SiO2的含量均高于中国或世界土壤元素(氧化物)中值(均值),而N、S、Cl、Mo、Co、Sr、Br、I、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、Al2O3的含量偏低,其中元素(氧化物)N、P、S、Mo、Se、Mn、Zn、Br、I、CaO、MgO在土壤剖面中的含量变化较大。通过对元素(氧化物)富集系数的聚类分析,将元素(氧化物)分为3类:呈较强富集特征的元素N、P、S、Se;呈较强迁移特征的元素(氧化物)Br、I、Mn、CaO;变化较稳定的其他元素。微量元素B、Zn、Cu和稀土元素Y、Sc、La含量较丰富且变化相对稳定,表明除了常量元素N、P、S以外,微量元素Se、B、Zn、Cu和稀土元素Y、Sc、La可能是影响张家界烟区烤烟品质的重要特征元素。 相似文献
18.
关中东部全新世黄土——古土壤序列微量元素分布特征及意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
X-荧光光谱仪、磁化率仪和激光粒度仪对尧禾村(YHC)全新世黄土-古土壤序列的微量元素、磁化率、粘粒(<5μm)含量进行了测量。将磁化率曲线、粘粒曲线、Rb/Sr变化曲线和Ba/Sr变化曲线进行了对比分析发现:YHC剖面的磁化率曲线、粘粒曲线、Rb/Sr曲线和Ba/Sr曲线具有高度的同步同向变化趋势,可很好的指示研究区域内全新世的气候变化。而元素的含量变化是该区域气候变化的结果,其中Pb元素在黄土中的含量明显高于古土壤层,属于淋失性元素。Mn、Cr、Cu、Zn、Co、Ti元素在古土壤含量高于黄土层,属于富集性元素。 相似文献