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1.
Lars B. Johansson 《Potato Research》1988,31(1):145-149
Summary A new method is presented for anther culture. Anthers are cultivated on cubes of solid medium, surrounded by liquid medium.
This allows changes of media composition at any time. When embryos or callus were produced, the liquid initiation medium was
removed and replaced with regeneration medium. The best yield of embryos and the best regeneration frequency were obtained
when the initiation medium contained 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Regeneration of shoots from callus was stimulated
on double layer medium, with the callus placed on top of a solid medium, partly submerged in the overlaying liquid medium.
The best gelling agent for shoot multiplication media was agarose, but gellan gum was a good alternative. Both the production
of flower buds and embryogenesis in anther cultures was inhibited by an increased concentration of CO2 in the air surrounding the donor plants. 相似文献
2.
荔枝"妃子笑"品种花药培养及其体胚发生 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以荔枝(LitchichinesisSonn.)品种“妃子笑”为试材,研究其花药离体培养及植株再生的影响因素。结果表明,荔枝花药在MS 2,4-D2mg/L NAA0.2mg/L以及含50g/L蔗糖的培养基上诱导胚性愈伤组织效果较好,把胚性愈伤组织转移到MS BA1mg/L NAA0.5mg/L,谷氨酰胺500mg/L,蔗糖50g/L分化培养基上培养1个月后,体胚大量萌发,再将成熟体胚转移到附加500mg/L谷氨酰胺的MS无激素培养基上,培养1￣2个月后,能再生成完整植株。 相似文献
3.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):204-211
AbstractThis study was carried out to verify the production of haploid plantlets through somatic embryogenesis of Bupleurum falcatum in anther culture (2n=16). Flowers with anthers at the uninucleate stage, less than 200 µm in anther length, were exposed to 10ºC for 5 days (cold pretreatment) and the anthers were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and/or picloram at various concentrations at 30ºC. The optimal supplement for callus formation was a mixture of 0.075 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.075 mg L-1 picloram or 0.75 mg L-1 2,4-D without picloram. Only a few calli were induced from the anthers without cold pretreatment. The calli were transplanted to MS medium without phytohormones and cultured at 25ºC for plant regeneration. Among one hundred twenty root tips of the regenerated plantlets examined, 14.2% were haploid (n=8). However, in the plantlets regenerated from anthers without cold pre-treatment only 2.5% was haploid. In both haploid and diploid regenerated plantlets, the chromosome number was fixed without variation. Among the regenerated plantlets, one was albino. Haploid plantlets were transplanted to the field after acclimation in pots filled with vermiculite under 90% humidity for a month, and haploid plant were produced. The potential of haploid plants derived from anther culture for production of high-yield and good-quality cultivars is discussed. 相似文献
4.
橡胶树花药培养体胚发生率低及植株再生频率低是制约其组培苗工厂化生产的瓶颈。以热研7-33-97品系花药为外植体,研究橡胶树花药体细胞胚发育过程并对其体细胞胚进行系统分类,同时改良其培养条件。结果表明,完整的体胚发育过程是球形胚-心形胚-鱼雷胚-子叶胚,但有些心形胚不能进一步发育成鱼雷胚,在后继培养中会分化成畸形胚;体胚发生不具同步性,在鱼雷胚旁又长出次生胚。胶树花药体细胞胚共分9种类型,发现胶树花药体胚发生过程中产生连体胚现象,该类胚能正常发育成植株。不同胚状体培养条件对植株再生率的影响说明,暗培养诱导胚状体2个月后再转移至500 lx弱光照条件下培养10～15 d,然后再转移至出苗培养基培养,能够显著提高植株再生率。在诱导胚胎发生培养基中添加不同浓度的稀土,结果表明,稀土具有提高橡胶树花药体胚发生率的效果,其中以添加1 mg/L稀土培养效果最佳。 相似文献
5.
A. Naseer Aziz Janet E. A. Seabrook George C. C. Tai Hielke De Jong 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(1):9-16
Twenty-three diploid (2n=2x=24) potato clones were screened for response to four different anther culture media. Anther derived tissues (calli/embryos) were obtained from seven of the clones in liquid culture media. Anther culture response of these seven clones was further quantified on five additional media. Since clonal responses are specific to culture conditions (Tiainen, 1992), the seven genotypes somewhat differed from each other in the magnitude of the response to each of the media. In agreement with Heberle-Bors (1985) a more realistic assessment of the responsiveness was possible when pollen counts per anther were used to express the yield of anther-derived material. A relatively higher level of exogenous cytokinin (6-benzyladenine) to that of auxin (3-indoleacetic acid) proved to be favourable for the inducton of calli/embryos. Use of a semi-solid medium saved space and was convenient for culture observations therefore it was found more conducive for the genotypic screening. Anther derived tissues that regenerated to produce root tissue and/or plantlets were further multiplied on a root culture medium and a plantlet medium. Liquid culture conditions on orbital shakers were conducive for the growth of root explants. Anther derived material (roots and plantlets) originating from clone 9507–04 revealed differences in growth vigor. Flow cytometric estimation of ploidy in regenerated roots and plantlets, revealed that clone 9507–04 produced 44% monoploid roots and 77% monoploid plantlets. Seventy-three percent anther-derived plantlets from clone 6028–02 were monoploids. 相似文献
6.
以栽培种花生为材料,开展花生单倍体培养的前沿性探索,包括离体花药诱导形成愈伤组织、愈伤组织分化形成幼芽、再生苗培养、再生植株倍性鉴定和嫁接移植等研究。通过比较外植体灭菌时间、诱导培养基、分化培养基、再生培养基和再生植株创制培养条件等试验,筛选出适合花生花药培养的方法：1% NaClO消毒灭菌9 min,愈伤组织的诱导培养采用B5N1、B3N1培养基,再分化培养采用B5N1-2培养基,再生苗培养采用SG培养基。本研究获得1株花药培养的再生植株,编号为15B8-8。荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）鉴定结果表明,该植株具有20条染色体,其中9条为A染色体、11条为B染色体,是第一例来自栽培种花生花药培养的单倍体植株;研究还表明,汕油52花生品种具有较强的花药培养力,有潜力作为花生花药培养的“桥梁品种”。 相似文献
7.
大豆花药培养研究进展 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
如何提高接种效率和愈伤组织质量，通过外源激素来调节内源激素．使愈伤组织处于适合分化的状态。研制专用培养基，筛选敏感性基因型等，是大豆花药培养取得突破性进展的关键。本文从取材、细胞学研究、培养基改进、基因型筛选和植株分化等几个方面，回顾了２０多年来大豆花药培养取得的成绩和存在的问题，目的在于促进大豆花药培养的深入研究。 相似文献
8.
巴西橡胶树胚性组织长期继代保存及增殖技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在橡胶树花药组织培养过程中,利用胚诱导过程后期产生的不同生理阶段的胚性组织进行继代增殖和成胚性研究,试验表明:1)心形胚及前期的胚性组织能继代增殖,多次继代增殖后的组织,经胚诱导过程1~3个月能成倍形成鱼雷胚,大大提高了橡胶花药组培的成胚率;2)胚性愈伤是适合长期继代和增殖保存的最好材料,经2a的继代保存增殖率和成胚率不下降,其最大继代增殖能力还在测试中;3)在继代增殖培养基上,胚性组织按原有形态增殖,通过选取同一生理阶段的胚性组织进行继代,可控制体胚发育过程,促进体胚发育同步进行。 相似文献
9.
为拓宽抗旱春小麦花培育种的亲本资源,明确干旱胁迫对小麦花药培养的影响,对甘肃省主栽的7个抗旱春小麦品种的花药培养特性进行了研究,并对筛选出的兼具较强抗旱性和优良花药培养特性的品种陇春27号及其他三个优良花培材料,通过诱导培养基中添加120mg·L~(-1)的PEG及旱地种植,进而进行花药培养。结果表明,供试的4个小麦基因型材料的愈伤组织诱导均受到抑制,但受抑制的程度不同,其抗旱系数排序在两种干旱胁迫处理下高度一致;田间抗旱性鉴定结果表明,4个基因型材料的抗旱性强弱不同;其愈伤组织的抗旱系数与抗旱性之间显著相关。 相似文献
10.
Jong Won Lee Jeong Hyun Lee In Ho Yu Shela Gorinstein Jong Hyang Bae Yang Gyu Ku 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2014,69(2):175-181
The aim of this investigation was to find a proper harvesting period and establishing fern number, which effects the spear yield, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of Asparagus officinalis L. Spears were harvested at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after sprouting. Control for comparison was used without harvest. Spears and total yield increased with prolonged spear harvest period. In harvest of 6 weeks long optimum spear yield was the highest and fern numbers were 5?~?8. Bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and ascorbic acid) and the levels of antioxidant activities by ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays in asparagus ethanol extracts significantly differed in the investigated samples and were the highest at 6 weeks harvest period (P?<?0.05). The first and the second segments from the tip significantly increased with the increase of catalase (CAT). It was interesting to investigate in vitro how human serum albumin (HSA) interacts with polyphenols extracted from investigated vegetables. Therefore the functional properties of asparagus were studied by the interaction of polyphenol ethanol extracts with HSA, using 3D- FL. In conclusion, antioxidant status (bioactive compounds, binding and antioxidant activities) improved with the harvesting period and the first segment from spear tip. Appropriate harvesting is effective for higher asparagus yield and its bioactivity. 相似文献
11.
M. S. MKUYA Si Hua-min Liu Wen-zhen SUN Zong-xiu 《水稻科学》2005,12(4):299-302
Panicles of an indica rice line TM7-5 were subjected to radiation with 137^Cs gamma rays at 0 （control）, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy respectively, and then its anthers were cultured. There were slight differences among the treatments in peak emerging time of callus initiation, from 38 to 44 days after inoculation （DAI） as well as the frequency of callus initiation （2.3-3.5%）. About two thirds calli were induced before 44 DAI, and calli derived beyond 60 DAI lost the regeneration ability. Green plant regeneration frequency was significantly stimulated from two- to three-fold by irradiation of the 1370S gamma rays compared with the control, and the maximum was 22,81% （15 Gy）. The culture ability based on callus initiation and green plantlet regeneration was 0.19% for the control while it was over 0.45% for all the irradiated treatments, and the maximum was 0,59% for 15 Gy treatment. The advantages of panicle irradiation before anther culture and the potential application in rice anther culture, especially for recalcitrant indica rice, were discussed. 相似文献
12.
A total of 1000 anther-derived plants was regenerated from tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes. Capacity to undergo androgenesis was analysed in 41 potato cultivars and 7 clones grown either in the greenhouse or in the field. Of the 48 genotypes, 33 produced embryos and 23 regenerated shoots from embryos. Anther-derived plantlet production was determined in genotypes 86110, Agria, Calgary, Escort, Helios, Idole, JO 0982 JO 1432, Kainuun Musta, Kardal, KE48, Matilda, Nicola, Petra, Pito, Rustica, Stirling, Torridon, Ute, Van Gogh, Vebeca, Vento and White Lady. The highest number of shoots (24 shoots/100 anthers) was obtained from cv. Calgary, when anthers were isolated from field-grown donor plants. Incubating anthers at 28 C, rather than at 20 C or 24 C, enhanced embryo production in four genotypes tested. However, shoot production was improved only in cv. Pito cultured at 28 C. When anthers of cv. Petra were cultured at 28 C for four weeks, followed by reduction of culture temperature to 24 C, a high rate of shoot production was recorded (14 shoots/100 anthers). The ratio between dihaploids and tetraploids varied among the anther-derived plants of the different genotypes. The number of dihaploids was highest in potato clone JO1432 (100%) and in cv. Calgary (93%) and lowest in cvs. Pito (21%) and Torridon (6%). 相似文献
13.
为了筛选小麦花培育种骨干亲本,减轻花培育种的基因型依赖性问题,对74个冬小麦品种(系)的5个花药培养力性状进行了鉴定,并对5个性状进行了相关性分析。结果表明,74个基因型的愈伤组织诱导率、绿苗分化率、绿苗产率、白苗分化率及白苗产率变化范围分别为0~43.17%、0~139.29%、0~20.83%、0~63.33%、0~7.17%,各花药培养力性状在所研究基因型中差异明显,存在基因型依赖性,其中绿苗分化率基因型间差异最大。基因型愈伤组织诱导特性与绿苗、白苗的分化正相关,愈伤再生分化成绿苗或是白苗没有相关性。筛选出绿苗产率高于1.0%的基因型22个,其中,SPLM2、衡96851、石4185、邯6172、河农6425五个基因型农艺性状较好,绿苗产率依次为8.17%、5.44%、2.39%、2.00%、0.72%,可作为花培育种的骨干亲本。 相似文献
14.
CRMS诱导水稻雄性不育的研究：Ⅲ ．CRMS对水稻花药游离脯氯酸含量的影响及其与花药败育的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用3H-脯氟酸、3H-谷氨酸示踪分析方法，研究了CRMS诱导水稻雄性不育的作用机理。试验结果表明，CRMS阻碍剑叶向花药运输脯氨酸，抑制花药本身合成脯氨酸能力，并降低脯氨酸合成醇不溶性大分子物质的结合率，引起花药营养匮乏，导致花药败育。 相似文献
15.
Impact of early-season water deficits on Russet Burbank plant development,tuber yield and quality 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Clinton C. Shock James C. Zalewski Timothy D. Stieber Denise S. Burnett 《American Journal of Potato Research》1992,69(12):793-803
Russet Burbank potatoes grown on Owyhee silt loam were subjected to early-season moisture stress by delaying initiation of furrow irrigation up to seven weeks after planting. A range of water stress treatments from 4 to 7 weeks after planting resulted in reduced plant size, tuber number and total tuber weight per plant 8 1/2 weeks after planting. Early-season water stress resulting from delayed irrigation onset was associated with improved tuber quality at harvest. Plants water stressed before tuber initiation had fewer tubers with dark stem-end fry colors, reduced percentage of US No. 2 potatoes, and increased percentage and size of US No. 1 potatoes. Increasing duration of soil water potential below -60 kPa early in the season was associated with declining total yield in 1985 but not in 1986. To obtain optimum yield and processing quality, the first irrigation should be no sooner than full plant emergence. 相似文献
16.
17.
密度及收割高度对复播青贮玉米产量和品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以农大1027组合为材料,在大田条件下分别研究了5种密度及不同收割高度对复播青贮玉米(生长期82 d)产量和饲用品质的影响。结果表明:在密度6万～18万株/hm2范围内随着密度的增加产量先增后降,密度与产量呈二次曲线关系;而饲用营养品质却随密度增加呈现下降趋势。产量最高的密度和品质最优的密度不一致,优质时的密度显著低于高产时的密度。在密度9万～12万株/hm2条件下,可以获得产量高、品质较优的青贮玉米。适当提高收获高度可以明显改善青贮玉米的饲用营养品质。 相似文献
18.
19.
马铃薯花药培养在马铃薯育种实践中具有重要的意义。现以杂交圃中77份亲本材料为试验材料,对花药高温前处理、培养基和基因型等因素进行了试验。结果表明:马铃薯花药培养对基因型有很大依赖性,不同基因型马铃薯愈伤诱导率范围是0.16%～9.50%,胚状体发生率范围是0.31%～15.63%。克97G8-4、讷16和白俄3的植株再生率范围为12.00%～23.08%,其余全部没有分化出植株。倍性鉴定表明:双单倍体的发生率为93.75%。诱导培养基以MS+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-12,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 KT+0.5%活性炭+100 mg·L-1 AgNO3,即③号效果最好,植株分化培养基以MS+4.0 mg·L-1 GA3+2.0 mg·L-1 ZT+30 mg·L-1蔗糖+0.7%琼脂,即②号效果较好。高温预处理对胚状体的发生有利。 相似文献
20.
A field investigation was carried out on red sandy soil in the semi-arid tropical climate of south India to investigate the response of industrially important, multi-harvest, aromatic crop palmarosa {Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk., family: Poaceae} to foliar application (2.5 g/L single application for each harvest at 700 L nutrient solution per hectare) of magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), boron (B) and their residual effect on the succeeding harvest. During the experimental period, palmarosa crop afforded four harvests, 49.5-70.6 t/ha total biomass yield (fresh weight), 211.4-384.2 kg/ha total essential oil yield and Rs. 232,540-422,620/ha (US$ 4844.6-8804.6/ha) gross returns. Fifth harvest (no nutrients were applied) performed to examine the residual effect of Mg and micronutrients applied to the previous four harvests revealed the absence of residual effect pointing to the need for application of nutrients to individual harvests. Foliar application of Mg and micronutrients significantly increased the yield attributes (plant height, tiller number/plant, leaf number/plant), biomass yield, essential oil yield and gross returns of palmarosa. Mg and micronutrients enhanced the total biomass yields by 37.0-42.6% and the total essential oil yields by 44.6-81.7% in comparison to the control (water spray).All the treatments produced good quality essential oils with 1.5-3.2% linalool, 79.7-85.8% geraniol and 4.5-10.3% geranyl acetate. Mg and B additions declined linalool (%) in the second and fourth harvests and increased geraniol (%) in the first harvest. Mg and micronutrients application improved geraniol (%) in the second harvest. Except Zn, all the other nutrients decreased geranyl acetate (%) in the second harvest, but in the third and fourth harvests Mn and B increased geranyl acetate (%). 相似文献