共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 288 毫秒
1.
本试验旨在考察叶酸添加水平对肉仔鸡血清中脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)含量以及肝脏中脂肪代谢相关基因表达和甲基化的影响。选择1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡300只,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸的试验饲粮。试验期为42 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加10 mg/kg叶酸显著降低了21日龄肉仔鸡血清中LPL活性(P<0.05);饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸极显著降低了42日龄肉仔鸡血清中LPL活性(P<0.01),极显著提高了21和42日龄肉仔鸡血清中PPARγ含量(P<0.01),极显著降低了21和42日龄肉仔鸡血清中FAS活性(P<0.01)。2)实时荧光定量PCR结果发现,饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸均未显著影响42日龄肉仔鸡肝脏中LPL和PPARγ基因的相对表达量(P>0.05),但均显著降低了FAS基因的相对表达量(P <0.05)。3)甲基化分析显示,饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸均未显著影响42日龄肉仔鸡肝脏中LPL和PPARγ基因的甲基化比率(P>0.05),但饲粮中添加5 mg/kg叶酸极显著提高了42日龄肉仔鸡肝脏中FAS基因的甲基化比率(P<0.01)。由此得出,饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸极显著降低了42日龄肉仔鸡血清中LPL和FAS的活性,极显著增加了PPARγ的含量,显著降低了肝脏中FAS基因的表达;此外,饲粮中添加5 mg/kg叶酸还极显著提高了42日龄肉仔鸡肝脏中FAS基因的甲基化水平。 相似文献
2.
选用 14 4只 1日龄体重均一、健康的艾维茵肉仔鸡 ,随机分成 6组 ,每组设 2个重复 ,每个重复 12只鸡。试验期分别喂 6种不同饲粮 ,1组为对照组 ,喂基础日粮 ;2～ 6组为试验组 ,分别在基础日粮基础上添加 0 5mg/kg、1mg/kg、1 5mg/kg、2mg/kg、2 5mg/kg铬 (以三氯化铬形式 ) ,研究在日粮中添加不同浓度的三氯化铬对肉仔鸡的生产性能的影响。试验结果表明 :①日粮中添加铬能显著提高肉仔鸡增重 ,明显改善肉仔鸡的饲料效率 ,除添加铬浓度为 0 5mg/kg外 ,其余浓度均达到了显著水平 (P <0 0 5 )。其中以添加铬浓度 1 5mg/kg为最好 ,比对照组提高增重 17.37%。从料肉比的结果上看 ,各处理组的料肉比均低于对照组 ,其中以添加铬浓度 1 5mg/kg料肉比最低 ,比对照组低 4 4 4 %。②日粮中添加铬 ,能够提高经济效益。 相似文献
3.
《动物营养学报》2015,(8)
本试验旨在研究常规饲养条件下,饲粮添加不同铬源与铬水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及肉品质的影响,以比较不同铬源的有效性并探讨饲粮铬的适宜添加水平。试验采用1+3×2试验设计。选用252只1日龄体重均一的科宝肉仔鸡母鸡,随机分为7个组,每个组6个重复,每个组6只鸡。各处理分别饲喂不添加铬的玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(对照组,铬含量0.32 mg/kg)及在基础饲粮中分别添加0.4和2.0 mg/kg丙酸铬(Cr Pro)、吡啶甲酸铬(Cr Pic)和三氯化铬(Cr Cl3)的试验饲粮。试验期42 d。结果显示:1)饲粮添加铬显著提高了肉仔鸡4~6周的平均日采食量(P0.05)。2)饲粮添加铬有提高法氏囊指数的趋势(P0.10),且Cr Cl3在提高肉仔鸡胸腺指数和法氏囊指数方面比Cr Pro和Cr Pic更有效(P0.05),Cr Pro与Cr Pic间无显著差异(P0.10)。3)饲粮添加铬显著提高了胸肌滴水损失率(P0.05);饲粮添加2.0 mg/kg铬显著降低了胸肌p H15min(P0.05);与Cr Pic相比,Cr Cl3有提高红度值的趋势(P=0.08)。由此可见,在常规饲养条件下,基础饲粮中铬含量即可满足肉仔鸡生长的需要,不需额外添加;饲粮添加铬能够改善肉仔鸡免疫器官指数,且无机Cr Cl3更有效;饲粮添加铬提高了胸肌滴水损失率,添加0.4 mg/kg铬能较好地维持肌肉p H,对肉仔鸡肉品质有一定影响。 相似文献
4.
两种铬源对高密度应激下肉仔鸡血糖和血清氮化物的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验研究在高密度应激下日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬(CrPi)和三氯化铬(CrCl3)对肉仔鸡血糖、血清氮化物的影响。试验选用264只1日龄体重均匀、健康的艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分成11组,分别喂11种不同饲粮:1组为对照组,喂基础日粮;2-6组为有机铬组,分别在基础日粮基础上添加0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0、2．5 mg/kg铬(CrPi);7-11组为无机铬组,分别在基础日粮基础上添加0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0、2．5 mg/kg铬(CrCl3)。在19日龄进行高密度处理。试验表明: ①高密度应激显著提高了血糖、尿素氮含量,降低血总蛋白含量(P<0．05)。而2种铬源均能有效地提高肉仔鸡的抗应激能力,其中添加0．5 mg/kg(CrPi)和2 mg/kg(CrCl3)组效果较好;②吡啶羧酸铬和三氯化铬作为肉仔鸡饲料微量元素添加剂使用是可行的。 相似文献
5.
为探明酸枣仁皂苷对肉仔鸡的抗热应激作用,将225只1日龄AA肉雏仔鸡公母混合随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每重复15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1～4组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5,1.0,1.5和2.0 mg/kg的酸枣仁皂苷。1～3周龄采用常规饲养管理,4周龄时开始进行为期1周的(34±1)℃热应激处理。结果:0.5和1.0 mg/kg添加水平极显著提高3周龄肉仔鸡日增重(P<0.01),4个水平的酸枣仁皂苷对热应激肉仔鸡的平均日增重、采食量和饲料转化率均有改善作用,以0.5和1.0 mg/kg添加水平最佳(P<0.01)。饲粮中添加0.5 mg/kg酸枣仁皂苷显著提高热应激肉仔鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率(P<0.05),极显著降低皮下脂肪厚(P<0.01)。酸枣仁皂苷对热应激肉仔鸡的腿比例、腿肌率、胸肌率、腹脂率、腺胃率、肌胃率、脾脏率、十二指肠率、空肠率、回肠率、盲肠率、法氏囊率和胸腺率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。总之,1～3周龄肉仔鸡饲粮中添加酸枣仁皂苷,可提高采食量和日增重;34℃热应激下添加酸枣仁皂苷,可提高平均日增重、采食量和饲料转化率,改善胴体品质;酸枣仁皂苷较理想的添加水平为0.5～1.0 mg/kg。 相似文献
6.
7.
选用144只1日龄体重均匀、健康的艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分成6个日粮处理组:1组为对照组,喂基础日粮;2～6组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.5mg/kg、1mg/kg、1.5mg/kg、2mg/kg、2.5mg/kg铬(以吡啶羧酸铬形式),研究在日粮中添加不同浓度的吡啶羧酸铬对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.试验结果表明:①日粮中添加铬浓度为0.5～1mg/kg的吡啶羧酸铬时,能显著提高肉仔鸡增重,明显改善肉仔鸡的饲料效率(P＜0.05);②日粮中添加铬(吡啶羧酸铬形式)能够提高经济效益. 相似文献
8.
不同水平的丁酸钠对肉仔鸡小肠肠道形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究丁酸钠对肉仔鸡小肠形态的影响,试验选用1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡200只,随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。5个处理分别为:Ⅰ组[基础日粮+0mg/kg丁酸钠(对照组)]、Ⅱ组(基础日粮+250mg/kg丁酸钠)、Ⅲ组(基础日粮+500mg/kg丁酸钠)、Ⅳ组(基础日粮+750mg/kg丁酸钠)、Ⅴ组(基础日粮+1000mg/kg丁酸钠)。试验结果表明:①在肉仔鸡玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加750mg/kg丁酸钠能显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度和V/C值(P<0.05),显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05);②在肉仔鸡玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加1000mg/kg丁酸钠能显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠的V/C值和42日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠绒毛高度(P<0.05),极显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠V/C值(P<0.01),显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡空肠的绒毛高度和V/C值,显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡空肠的V/C值(P<0.05),显著降低42日龄肉仔鸡空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05);③添加250、500和750mg/kg丁酸钠能显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡空肠肌层厚度(P<0.05),添加1000mg/kg丁酸钠与添加500mg/kg丁酸钠相比,能显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠黏膜厚度和肌层厚度(P<0.05)。本试验条件下,在肉仔鸡基础日粮中分别添加750mg/kg和1000mg/kg丁酸钠对改善肉仔鸡小肠组织学形态综合指标影响显著,且添加1000mg/kg丁酸钠改善最显著,推荐为最适添加量;在生产应用上,考虑节约成本等经济情况,推荐可以添加750mg/kg丁酸钠。 相似文献
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10.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加低聚木糖水平对1~21日龄和22~42日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡生长性能、血液生理和血浆生化指标、器官发育和组织病理学变化的影响,从而评价低聚木糖对肉仔鸡饲用的生物安全性。试验采用单因子完全随机设计。选用240只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4个组(每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,公、母各5只),分别饲喂低聚木糖添加量为0、160、800和1 600 mg/kg的试验饲粮。试验期为42 d。结果表明,饲粮添加1 600 mg/kg低聚木糖显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡血浆球蛋白浓度和42日龄肉仔鸡血浆葡萄糖浓度(P0.05),显著降低21日龄肉仔鸡血浆磷酸肌酸激酶和谷丙转氨酶活性以及42日龄肉仔鸡血浆甘油三酯浓度(P0.05);800 mg/kg添加组42日龄肉仔鸡肾脏相对重量显著高于对照组和1 600 mg/kg添加组(P0.05)。以上结果表明,肉仔鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮中低聚木糖的最高添加限量定为160 mg/kg,具有10倍的安全系数,对肉仔鸡饲用是安全的。 相似文献
11.
试验选用11日龄北京鸭420只,研究日粮中添加不同水平的钴(0、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0mg/kg)对北京鸭生产性能及相关血液生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加钴可显著提高北京鸭的血液红细胞数、红细胞压积(P<0.10),血浆总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白含量(P<0.01),红细胞C3b受体花环率(P<0.01)、血浆中维生素B1(2P<0.01)、钴含量(P<0.01)和肝脏钴含量(P<0.01),而且随日粮中钴添加量的增加,红细胞数、红细胞压积,血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量,血浆维生素B12、钴和肝脏钴含量均呈二次曲线关系(P<0.01),而血浆铁含量线性降低(P<0.01),红细胞C3b受体花环率则线性提高(P<0.01)。因此,北京鸭日粮中钴的适宜添加量为1.8～2.8mg/kg。 相似文献
12.
M. Mirzaei G. R. Ghorbani M. Khorvash H. R. Rahmani A. Nikkhah 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(1):81-89
Metabolic demands of early lactation introduce enormous challenges to dairy cows when coincided with environmental stresses. The objective of this study was to determine effects of a chromium (Cr) supplement on feed intake and blood indicators of nutrient metabolism in early lactation cows in summer. Fifteen Holstein cows at 38 ± 6 days in milk were grouped based on parity and randomly assigned to three supplemental doses of 0, 0.05 and 0.10 mg Cr/kg of BW0.75. Cows received a basal mixed ration with a forage to concentrate ratio of 57.7:42.3, twice daily at 09:00 and 16:00 h for 9 weeks. The first 2 weeks were for adaptation, and the following 7 weeks were for weekly sampling and data collection. The Cr supplement (a Cr–methionine product with 10% Cr and 90% Met from a compound containing one atom of Cr and three molecules of Met) was mixed with 100 g of ground corn and top dressed with the morning feed. The average ambient temperature–humidity index was 77.7 units during the study. Dry matter intake increased from 21.8 to 24.2 and 23.7 kg/day when 0.05 and 0.10 mg Cr/kg BW0.75 was provided respectively. Milk output of energy, fat, protein and total solids increased by providing Cr at 0.05 mg but not 0.10 mg/kg BW0.75. Both doses of Cr increased milk protein content, but the higher Cr dose reduced feed efficiency compared with control. While rectal temperature and body condition score were unaffected, cows receiving 0.05 mg and not 0.10 mg Cr/kg BW0.75 tended to have greater respiration rate than control cows. Blood insulin and non‐esterified fatty acids concentrations and the insulin to glucagon ratio decreased, and serum albumin increased when cows received 0.05 mg of Cr/kg BW0.75. Blood glucose, glucagon, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, total protein, globulins, urea, BHBA, triglycerides, cholesterol, cortisol, progesterone, and high‐ and very low‐density lipoproteins were not affected. Therefore, supplemental Cr supply at 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg BW0.75 improved feed intake, only at 0.05 mg/kg BW0.75 increased milk secretion, and mainly at 0.05 mg/kg BW0.75 altered peripheral nutrient metabolism in early lactation Holstein cows under high ambient temperatures. 相似文献
13.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平吡啶甲酸铬对北京红商品产蛋鸡产蛋性能、血液生理生化指标、器官发育和主要脏器组织病理学变化的影响,进而评价吡啶甲酸铬对产蛋鸡的生物安全性。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,选用360只23周龄北京红商品产蛋鸡,按产蛋率和体重一致的原则随机分为4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。各组分别在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加0、0.6、4.0和6.0 mg/kg(以铬计)的吡啶甲酸铬。预试期21 d,正试期70 d。结果表明:1)饲粮铬添加水平对试验全期产蛋鸡产蛋性能和器官指数无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮铬添加水平除显著提高试验第35天产蛋鸡血浆谷草转氨酶活性(P0.05)外,对其他血浆生化指标和血液常规生理指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)饲粮铬添加水平对产蛋鸡主要内脏器官的发育均无明显影响,同时均未观测到产蛋鸡的心脏、肝脏、肾脏、卵巢和输卵管组织出现明显的病理学变化。以上结果表明,产蛋鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮中吡啶甲酸铬的推荐添加水平为0.6 mg/kg时,具有10倍的安全系数,即饲粮中以吡啶甲酸铬形式添加6.0 mg/kg铬对产蛋鸡是安全的。 相似文献
14.
Effects of betaine on growth, carcass characteristics, pork quality, and plasma metabolites of finishing pigs 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Matthews JO Southern LL Higbie AD Persica MA Bidner TD 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(3):722-728
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine (0, 0.125, 0.250, or 0.500%) on growth, carcass traits, pork quality, plasma metabolites, and tissue betaine concentrations of cross-bred finishing pigs. Four replications of three pigs (two barrows and one gilt) each were used for each treatment. The basal diet contained 0.85 (69 to 88 kg BW) or 0.65% Lys (88 to 115 kg BW). Overall ADG and gain:feed were not affected (P > 0.10) by betaine, but overall ADFI was decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.01) by betaine; pigs fed 0.250% betaine had the lowest ADFI. Loin muscle area, average back-fat, dressing percentage, percentage lean, total fat, lean:fat, and leaf fat weight were not affected (P > 0.10) by betaine. Tenth-rib backfat thickness was decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.05); pigs fed 0.250% betaine had the lowest 10th-rib backfat thickness. Carcass length was increased (linear, P < 0.05; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.10) as the level of betaine was increased. Fat-free lean, lean gain per day, ham weight, ham fat-free lean, and ham percentage lean were increased (quadratic, P < 0.10), but percentage fat, total ham fat, percentage ham fat, and butt-fat thickness were decreased (quadratic, P < 0.10); these traits were respectively highest or lowest in pigs fed 0.250% betaine. Thaw loss and 24-h pH were increased (quadratic, P < 0.10; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.05) and cook loss was decreased (linear, P < 0.05) in pigs fed betaine. The CIE L* value for the biceps femoris was decreased (quadratic, P < 0.10; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.10); pigs fed 0.250% betaine had the lowest CIE L* value. Subjective color, firmness-wetness, marbling, percentage moisture and bound water of the loin muscle, and shear force were not affected (P > 0.10) by betaine. Betaine was not detectable (< 0.07 mg/g) in the loin muscle of pigs fed 0% betaine, but betaine was detectable and relatively constant in pigs fed 0.125, 0.250, or 0.500% betaine (0.22, 0.17, and 0.21 mg/g, respectively). Plasma urea N, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol concentrations were not affected (P > 0.10). Plasma total cholesterol (linear, P < 0.10) and NEFA (quadratic, P < 0.10) were increased in pigs fed betaine. Betaine improved carcass traits when provided at 0.250% of the diet and improved some aspects of pork quality. 相似文献
15.
Assessment of chromium tripicolinate supplementation and dietary energy level and source on growth, carcass, and blood criteria in growing pigs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate potential interactive effects of supplemental Cr and dietary energy supply in growing pigs. Experiment 1 used 36 individually penned barrows, 25 to 65 kg, in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of supplemental Cr (0 or 200 ppb) and energy level (70, 80, or 90% of ME requirement). A corn-soybean meal basal diet was designed to supply all protein, mineral, and vitamin needs and 70% of the estimated ME need at 70% of ad libitum feed intake. Additional energy to 80% or 90% of the ME requirement was provided by a cornstarch/corn oil blend. In Exp. 2, 30 individually penned barrows, 23 to 68 kg, were used in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of supplemental Cr (0 or 200 ppb) and added energy source (none, cornstarch, corn oil, or choice white grease) with basal diets identical to Exp. 1. The various energy sources were added to 90% of the ME requirement. In both experiments, growth data were collected over a 50-d period and pigs were killed at 70.1 kg. Increasing energy levels increased (linear, P < 0.01) ADG, average backfat thickness, 10th rib backfat thickness, and cooler shrink and decreased (linear, P < 0.01) longissimus muscle area in Exp. 1. Carcass composition increased (linear, P < 0.01) in lipid and decreased in protein, water, and protein:lipid ratio in response to increasing ME levels. Similar results were observed in Exp. 2 in response to added energy, regardless of the energy source used. In response to ME, linear increases (P < 0.05) in plasma insulin concentration before feeding and after feeding were observed in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, plasma insulin concentration was lower for the basal diet before feeding (P < 0.05) and higher for the starch diet after feeding (P < 0.01); insulin:glucose ratio increased (P < 0.01) after feeding for starch compared to oil and fat. No consistent effect of Cr or Cr x ME level on performance or carcass was observed (P > 0.10) in these experiments. Similarly, no Cr effect or Cr x ME interaction (P > 0.10) was observed in plasma glucose or insulin levels. Dietary energy levels markedly affected growth criteria in growing pigs (23 to 68 kg) in these experiments, as anticipated, but supplemental Cr was without effect on performance or carcass responses. 相似文献
16.
Efficacy of chromium picolinate on performance and tissue accretion in pigs with different lean gain potential. 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
We conducted two experiments to determine whether the efficacy of chromium picolinate (CrP) on growth performance, carcass composition, and tissue accretion rates is dependent on the lean gain potential of the pigs. In Exp. 1, 40 barrows (20 from each of two genetic backgrounds; two pigs per pen, five pens per treatment) were fed a fortified, corn-soybean meal basal diet (.95% lysine from 19 to 55 kg BW; .80% lysine from 55 to 109 kg BW) without or with 200 microg/kg of Cr from CrP. The addition of Cr had no effect on performance, carcass measurements, or accretion rates of carcass protein or lipid, regardless of the lean gain potential of the pigs. In Exp. 2, 60 group-penned pigs (three pigs per pen; five pens per treatment) were fed a fortified, corn-soybean meal basal diet without or with 200 microg/kg of Cr from CrP from 21 to 104 kg BW. Within the dietary Cr treatments, half of the pigs received daily injections of 3 mg of porcine somatotropin (pST) from 54 to 104 kg BW. The pST administration resulted in faster growth rates (P < .007), improved feed efficiency (P < .001), increased longissimus area (P < .001), and decreased 10th-rib backfat (P < .001). Administration of pST also increased the percentage and accretion rate of carcass protein (P < .001) and decreased the percentage and accretion rate of carcass lipid (P < .001). The addition of CrP to the diet had no effect on any variable measured in either the untreated or pST-treated pigs. In these studies, Cr was ineffective at altering the composition of the carcass and its effects were not dependent on the pig's potential for lean gain. 相似文献
17.
Effect of chromium propionate and metabolizable energy on growth,carcass traits,and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Matthews JO Higbie AD Southern LL Coombs DF Bidner TD Odgaard RL 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(1):191-196
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary effects of Cr propionate (CrProp) and metabolizable energy (ME) on growth, carcass traits, and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs. One hundred forty-four Cambrough-22 barrows were allotted to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (six replicates of six pigs per replicate; average initial and final body weight were 27 and 113 kg, respectively). The dietary treatments were: 1) corn-soybean meal basal (B; low ME), 2) B + 200 ppb of Cr (as CrProp), 3) B + 200 kcal ME/kg (4.5% added fat; high ME), or 4) B + 200 kcal ME/kg + 200 ppb of Cr. At trial termination, three pigs per replicate were killed to determine dietary effects on carcass traits and pork quality. Overall average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed ratio were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. During the early growing period, average daily gain was increased in pigs fed the CrProp-low-ME diets, but decreased in pigs fed the CrProp-high ME diets (Cr x ME, P < 0.04). Feed intake was increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the high-ME diets during the early growing period. Forty-five min and 24 h pH were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. The CIE L* tended (P = 0.07) to be increased and shear force tended (P = 0.06) to be decreased in pigs fed high-ME diets. Subjective marbling was increased (P < 0.03) and longissimus muscle percentage moisture and thaw loss were decreased (P < 0.04) in pigs fed CrProp. Chromium propionate had no consistent effect on growth and carcass traits in this experiment; however, CrProp did affect some aspects of pork quality. 相似文献
18.
Thirty-six crossbred steers (288 +/- 3.7 kg initial BW) were used to determine the effect of Cr, as chromium-L-methionine, on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in beef calves. Calves were fed a control diet or the diet supplemented with 400 or 800 microg Cr/kg of diet as chromium-L-methionine. Calves were kept in drylots (six calves/pen; two pens/dietary treatment). Steers were caught twice a day in locking headgates and individually fed their respective diets for a period of 22, 23, or 24 d prior to the metabolic challenges. Calves received a totally mixed diet containing 54% corn, 38% cottonseed hulls, and 5% soybean meal. On d 21, 22, and 23, four calves/dietary treatment were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter. Approximately 24 h after catheterization, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (500 mg glucose/kg of BW), followed 5 h later by an intravenous insulin challenge test (0.1 IU insulin/kg of BW), was conducted. There was no effect (P > 0.10) of dietary treatment on ADG or ADFI. During the intravenous glucose tolerance test, serum insulin concentrations were increased by supplemental chromium-L-methionine (linear effect of Cr, P < 0.05). There was a time x treatment interaction (P < 0.05) on plasma glucose concentrations after the glucose infusion. Plasma glucose concentrations of calves fed 400 microg Cr/kg of diet were lower than those of controls and calves supplemented with 800 microg Cr/kg of diet (quadratic effect of Cr, P < 0.05) 5 and 10 min after the glucose infusion. Supplemental chromium-L-methionine increased the glucose clearance rate from 5 to 10 min after the insulin challenge test (linear effect of Cr, P < 0.05). Glucose half-life from 5 to 10 min after the insulin infusion was also decreased by supplemental chromium-L-methionine (linear effect of Cr, P < 0.10). These data indicate that supplemental Cr, as chromium-L-methionine, increased glucose clearance rate after an insulin infusion and increased the insulin response to an intravenous glucose challenge in growing calves with functioning rumens. 相似文献
19.
Matthews JO Southern LL Fernandez JM Pontif JE Bidner TD Odgaard RL 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(8):2172-2178
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary Cr tripicolinate (CrPic) or Cr propionate (CrProp) on growth, carcass traits, plasma metabolites, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in pigs. In Exp. 1, 36 barrows (12 per treatment; initial and final BW were 20 and 38 kg) were allotted to the following treatments: 1) corn-soybean meal basal diet (control), 2) as 1 + 200 ppb Cr as CrPic, or 3) as 1 + 200 ppb Cr as CrProp. Growth performance data were collected for 28 d, and then 23 pigs (seven, eight, and eight pigs for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were fitted with jugular catheters and a glucose tolerance test (500 mg glucose/kg BW) and an insulin challenge test (0.1 IU of porcine insulin/kg BW) were conducted. Both CrPic and CrProp decreased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI but did not affect gain:feed (P > 0.10). Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, urea N, insulin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:total cholesterol concentrations were not affected (P > 0.10) by either Cr source. Pigs fed CrPic had lower (P < 0.02) fasting plasma NEFA concentrations than control pigs, but plasma NEFA concentrations of pigs fed CrProp were not affected (P > 0.10). During the glucose tolerance test, glucose and insulin kinetics were not affected by treatment (P > 0.10). During the insulin challenge test, glucose clearance was increased (P < 0.01) in pigs fed CrProp but not affected (P > 0.10) in pigs fed CrPic. Glucose half-life was decreased (P < 0.03) in pigs fed CrPic or CrProp, but insulin kinetics were not affected (P > 0.10). In Exp. 2, 48 barrows (four replicates of four pigs per replicate; initial and final BW were 23 and 115 kg) were allotted to the same dietary treatments in a growing-finishing study. Average daily gain, ADFI, and gain:feed were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatments. Carcass length tended (P = 0.10) to be greater in pigs fed CrPic than in pigs fed CrProp, but other carcass measurements were not affected (P > 0.10). Glucose kinetics from the insulin challenge test indicate that both CrPic and CrProp increase insulin sensitivity and that both Cr sources are bioavailable. 相似文献
20.
Assessment of chromium tripicolinate supplementation and dietary protein level on growth,carcass, and blood criteria in growing pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study was conducted to evaluate potential interactive effects of supplemental Cr and dietary protein levels in growing pigs. Thirty-six individually penned barrows, 22 to 63 kg, were used in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of supplemental Cr (0 or 200 ppb from chromium tripicolinate) and protein level (76, 83, or 90% of lysine requirement). A corn-soybean meal basal diet was designed to supply all mineral and vitamin needs, 90% of the estimated metabolizable energy need, and 76% of the estimated protein need at 70% of ad libitum feed intake. Additional protein to 83 or 90% of the lysine requirement was provided by a soy protein isolate supplement. Growth data were collected for a 50-d period, and pigs were killed at a mean of 63 kg BW. Increasing lysine levels linearly (P < 0.01) increased ADG and liver weight. Lysine level had a quadratic effect on 10th rib backfat thickness (P < 0.05) and cooler shrink (P < 0.01) with the highest responses at the 83% lysine level. Increasing lysine level linearly decreased (P < 0.05) carcass content of ash and lipid and quadratically increased the carcass water content (P < 0.01). Carcass accretion rate showed a linear increase for protein (P < 0.01) and water accretion (P < 0.01). Dry matter composition of the longissimus muscle showed linear increases of ash (P < 0.05) and protein (P < 0.01) and a linear decrease of lipid content (P < 0.01) resulting in a linear increase (P < 0.05) of the protein to lipid ratio based on the increasing lysine levels. Pre-feeding insulin levels were increased (P < 0.05) with increasing level of lysine. One hour post-feeding, a quadratic lysine response for plasma glucose (P < 0.05) was observed with the lowest concentration at 83% lysine. Cr addition increased 10th rib backfat thickness (P < 0.10). There was no Cr x lysine level interaction (P > 0.10) observed for any of the growth or carcass traits. Plasma glucose concentrations pre-feeding were lower for Cr-supplemented pigs (P < 0.01). As expected, increasing protein levels in protein-deficient diets increased protein accretion while decreasing lipid accretion in 22 to 63 kg growing pigs; however, these effects were more clearly seen in the longissimus muscle than in the entire carcass. Supplementation of Cr exerted only minor effects with few Cr x lysine interactions observed in this study. 相似文献