共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
近年来通过黏膜部位释放抗原物质的新型免疫方法受到了越来越多的关注,其中鼻腔免疫被认为是最有前景的给药途径,佐剂可以提高或优化对通过黏膜或系统途径接种抗原的免疫应答,新的黏膜佐剂和传递系统是疫苗领域的研究热点,本文就纳米载体-壳聚糖作为特殊的黏膜免疫佐剂和PEG交联壳聚糖季铵盐智能水凝胶体系作为新型的鼻腔免疫传递系统作一... 相似文献
2.
佐剂是增强和调节疫苗抗原免疫反应的免疫刺激物,与抗原一起使用能产生更强的免疫反应。佐剂能激活机体的天然免疫系统,当佐剂和抗原同时或预先注射到机体内,可改变抗原的形态并延长抗原在体内的滞留时间,促进单核吞噬细胞对抗原的递呈能力及刺激淋巴细胞增殖分化,从而增强机体对抗原的免疫应答或改变免疫应答类型。佐剂的发展史长达一百多年,目前使用最广泛的疫苗佐剂是铝佐剂,传统的灭活疫苗在很大程度上依靠以铝盐为主的复合物作为主要佐剂。但近年来,随着基因工程技术和生物技术的飞速发展,重组疫苗、基因工程载体疫苗、核酸疫苗等新型疫苗逐步被开发出来,这些新型疫苗与传统疫苗相比往往存在免疫应答能力差等问题,早期的抗原不纯导致传统的铝盐佐剂已无法满足需要。为解决新型疫苗免疫原性差的问题,科研人员致力于开发广谱且高效的新型疫苗佐剂用来增强新型疫苗的作用。新型疫苗佐剂种类繁多,功能各不相同且机制较为复杂,可分为新型油乳佐剂、脂质体佐剂、CpG寡核苷酸佐剂、细胞因子佐剂、纳米佐剂、多糖佐剂及复合系统类佐剂等。笔者对疫苗佐剂的发展史、作用机制及新型疫苗佐剂的分类进行分析和评述,以期为新型疫苗佐剂的研制及开发提供参考。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Vujanic A Sutton P Snibson KJ Yen HH Scheerlinck JP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,148(1-2):172-177
The induction of potent mucosal immune responses able to prevent the establishment of infection at the onset of mucosal pathogen colonisation represents a desirable but challenging goal for vaccine development. Here we compare nasal vaccine delivery with intra-pulmonary vaccination using a sheep lymphatic cannulation model. Our results demonstrate that nasal delivery of a non-infective ISCOMATRIX(?) influenza vaccine does not induce primary immune responses in the lymph draining the nasal lymph nodes, suggesting that local immune responses in the lymph nodes draining the nasal cavity are relatively weak. However, this mode of delivery can boost existing immunity in the nasal lymph. Using the same adjuvant we were able to induce very potent immune responses in both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), following intra-pulmonary delivery of ISCOMATRIX(?) influenza vaccine, even when very small doses of antigen were employed. Lung delivery could also induce comparable immune responses against other recombinant antigens mixed with ISCOMATRIX(?) adjuvant and could therefore become a method of choice for the induction of immunity to mucosal pathogens infecting the lower respiratory tract. 相似文献
12.
黏膜是病原体入侵的主要门户,黏膜表面有高度集中的淋巴组织,一个黏膜部位的免疫反应可以诱发所有黏膜效应组织免疫反应的出现.黏膜免疫还可以诱导全身免疫应答,是目前疫苗研究的新方向,但黏膜免疫佐剂及免疫途径的发展制约着黏膜免疫的效果.文章对黏膜免疫佐剂及其途径进行了综述. 相似文献
13.
14.
Mucosal vaccination is proving to be one of the greatest challenges in modern vaccine development. Although highly beneficial for achieving protective immunity, the induction of mucosal immunity, especially in the gastro-intestinal tract, still remains a difficult task. As a result, only very few mucosal vaccines are commercially available for domestic animals. Here, we critically review various strategies for mucosal delivery of vaccines in domestic animals. This includes live bacterial and viral vectors, particulate delivery-systems such as polymers, alginate, polyphosphazenes, immune stimulating complex and liposomes, and receptor mediated-targeting strategies to the mucosal tissues. The most commonly used routes of immunization, strategies for delivering the antigen to the mucosal surfaces, and future prospects in the development of mucosal vaccines are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Enhancement of mucosal immune responses by intranasal co-delivery of Newcastle disease vaccine plus CpG oligonucleotide in SPF chickens in vivo 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have been tested as immunoadjuvants for various vaccines in mice and human. Findings from previous reports suggest that CpG ODN can be used to enhance magnitude and balance of an immune response while reducing undesirable side effects of commercial vaccine, when delivered by parenteral route. Recently, it has been showed that CpG ODN is a promising mucosal adjuvant in mice, but data on mucosal immune responses induced by CpG ODN in other animals, especially in chickens, are scarce. Herein, we evaluated intranasal (IN) delivery of CpG ODN with newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (NDV) to determine its potential as a mucosal adjuvant to a commercial vaccine. CpG ODN augmented systemic (IgG in serum, T cell proliferation) and mucosal (IgA in intestinal washings and feces) immune responses against antigen. CpG ODN stimulated effectively both systemic and mucosal immune responses when delivered intranasally. Results from this study indicate that stimulatory CpG ODN is a potential effective mucosal adjuvant for the NDV in SPF chickens and may be applicable to husbandry animals. 相似文献
16.
《Research in veterinary science》2009,86(3):495-502
Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have been tested as immunoadjuvants for various vaccines in mice and human. Findings from previous reports suggest that CpG ODN can be used to enhance magnitude and balance of an immune response while reducing undesirable side effects of commercial vaccine, when delivered by parenteral route. Recently, it has been showed that CpG ODN is a promising mucosal adjuvant in mice, but data on mucosal immune responses induced by CpG ODN in other animals, especially in chickens, are scarce. Herein, we evaluated intranasal (IN) delivery of CpG ODN with newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (NDV) to determine its potential as a mucosal adjuvant to a commercial vaccine. CpG ODN augmented systemic (IgG in serum, T cell proliferation) and mucosal (IgA in intestinal washings and feces) immune responses against antigen. CpG ODN stimulated effectively both systemic and mucosal immune responses when delivered intranasally. Results from this study indicate that stimulatory CpG ODN is a potential effective mucosal adjuvant for the NDV in SPF chickens and may be applicable to husbandry animals. 相似文献
17.
益生菌对肠道黏膜免疫的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
益生菌作为一类以活菌为主的新型菌制剂,能在肠道内定殖,维护肠道菌群平衡,并刺激肠黏膜免疫组织,对肠道黏膜免疫有重要的影响。益生菌可直接作用于宿主的免疫系统,刺激胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊等免疫器官的发育,促进巨噬细胞活力或发挥佐剂作用,活化肠黏膜内相关淋巴组织,使免疫球蛋白A分泌增加,使免疫球蛋白A生物合成增加,提高消化道黏膜免疫功能。 相似文献
18.
寄生虫病严重影响全球人类、动物的健康安全，所带来的经济损失巨大。因此，有必要研制针对寄生虫病的疫苗，以阻断寄生虫病在动物与动物、动物与人类之间的传播。寄生虫存在多种免疫逃避机制，已开发的亚单位疫苗、减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗均未达到理想的预防效果，且商品化疫苗多为针剂疫苗，普通针剂疫苗操作繁琐、运输储藏要求高且易使动物发生应激，直接影响经济成本，因此在实际生产当中需更多操作简单、便于储存、免疫成本更低的新型疫苗，以有效防控寄生虫病。诸多研究表明口服疫苗操作方便，只需通过口服方式投喂且宿主获得的抗体效价水平较高，有望成为预防寄生虫病的有效手段。口服疫苗是一种新型疫苗，依靠宿主的黏膜免疫系统来产生作用，即通过机体黏膜表面接种便可同时诱导机体产生持久的黏膜免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫，为宿主提供高效的免疫保护。与传统疫苗相比，口服疫苗最显著的优点就是便于接种且应激小，还能形成强大的黏膜免疫屏障。但胃肠道的环境及易形成免疫耐受等因素也为口服疫苗的开发带来很大的挑战。笔者就黏膜免疫系统与口服疫苗作用机理、近几年寄生虫口服疫苗的研究进展及优点与挑战进行综述，以期为寄生虫口服疫苗的开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
19.
乳酸菌是人及动物肠道中重要的益生菌,被公认为安全级(generally recognized as safe,GRAS)微生物。乳酸菌乳链菌肽诱导表达载体（Nisin controlled expression system,NICE）是近几年发展起来的一种表达系统,目前国内外学者利用乳酸菌NICE为载体来表达抗原蛋白研制黏膜免疫疫苗,刺激动物机体黏膜免疫系统产生高效的应答反应,试验证明抗原蛋白能在乳酸菌中正确表达,并能诱导机体产生分泌性抗体IgA(sIgA),同时激活机体系统免疫功能,具有重要开发前景。 相似文献