共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
1.
2.
嗅源是供犬嗅觉作业时使用的气味,是犬追踪、鉴别、搜索等使用科目的依据,犬对嗅源气味感受得好坏直接关系嗅觉作业的成功与否。一、犬嗅认嗅源的重要性在鉴别训练中,如果犬不是积极充分感受嗅源就不可能对所求物气味产生兴奋,就不能对鉴别形式中的配物产生抑制,就会出现犬在形 相似文献
3.
4.
警犬鉴别是利用警犬嗅觉的特殊功能,使犬在多个被鉴气味中分析辨别出与嗅源相同的气味。是由坐延缓、嗅认嗅源、进形式、逐一嗅认和分化、果断反应五个基本环节组成的动力定型体系。它的稳定性在很大程度上决定着鉴别训练能否正常进行和鉴别能力训练的高低。如何使犬在鉴别中达到稳定呢？强化起着很关键的作用。 相似文献
5.
警犬鉴别是利用警犬嗅觉的特殊功能,使犬在多个被鉴气味中分析辨别出与嗅源相同的气味。是由坐延缓、嗅认嗅源、进形式、逐一嗅认和分化、果断反应五个基本环节组成的动力定型体系。它的稳定性在很大程度上决定着鉴别训练能否正常进行和鉴别能力训练的高低。如何使犬在鉴别中达到稳定呢？强化起着很关键的作用。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
尽管早在19世纪人类便开始了犬嗅觉能力的科学试验，但人们对犬嗅认鉴别气味结果的可信度一直持有疑议。有效性及可信度是法庭科学中常用的术语，法庭在评判警犬气味鉴别是否可信有效时，除考虑现场气味的提取及嫌疑人气味提取保存方法的客观公正外，其重点是评论气味鉴别犬的能力，特别是警犬鉴别过程即气味鉴别程序的可信性。 相似文献
11.
Good food intake behavior is the basis of maintaining the growth and development of animal and improving production performance.Olfaction and taste are two important senses in the progress of animal food intake.They are determined by olfactory receptor genes and taste receptor genes respectively,which are relatively large gene family in mammalian genomes.They express not only in the sense organs,but also widely in the respiratory,digestive,reproductive and other systems.This paper analyzed the consumption of mutton and sheep breeding in China.It gave an overview of the latest research progress on the olfaction,taste and their receptor gene.Finally,the function and mechanism of olfaction and taste in animal food intake,and the utilization in livestock production were expounded.This paper provided a theoretical reference for the study of the sense of olfaction and taste in animal food feeding especially in sheep. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
L J Myers L A Hanrahan L J Swango K E Nusbaum 《American journal of veterinary research》1988,49(8):1295-1297
The sense of smell in dogs infected with canine distemper virus (CDV) was examined by use of EEG olfactometry, behavioral olfactometry, and electro-olfactography. Infection with CDV was confirmed by a direct immunofluorescence technique in 8 active cases and was suggested by clinical history compatible with canine distemper 10 to 26 weeks earlier in 6 cases. Pathologic alterations of the olfactory mucosa in 3 clinically affected dogs was examined by light microscopy. Infection with CDV was found to be associated with anosmia and lack of recorded responses on electro-olfactogram in 8 of 8 dogs with clinical signs of acute distemper from naturally acquired infections. Anosmia was found in 5 of 6 dogs that had recovered from acute distemper 10 to 26 weeks earlier. The sixth dog had hyposmia, with abnormalities on the electro-olfactogram. Histologic examination was not performed on the 6 dogs that had recovered. Histologic lesions observed at necropsy in 3 dogs that had had clinical signs of acute distemper were those of subacute purulent rhinitis and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium. Altered olfactory function could be explained by mucopurulent exudate blocking odors from olfactory receptors in the acutely affected dogs, but alteration of olfactory function in the dogs that had recovered without clinical evidence of rhinitis could not be explained. 相似文献
15.
Scientists in many fields have studied olfaction in dogs, but no simple method exists to study this function. The olfactory ability of dogs is used in many fields. However, the owners of the dogs have a frustrating experience because there is not an easy method to measure olfactory function. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of olfactory function of the dog with electroencephalographic olfactometry (EEGO) recording. It was found that slow waves decreased and rapid waves increased in response to odours. From these results, it is suggested that the rapid waves of EEGO activity are important in determining a dog's olfactory ability. The EEGO recording is effective in diagnosing anosmia in the dog and is easier than a behavioural experiment. Additionally, this method may not cause distress to an animal. 相似文献
16.
Ito D Ibanez C Ogawa H Franklin RJ Jeffery ND 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(6):1050-1056
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the numbers and proportions of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in cell cultures derived from the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory mucosa of dogs. ANIMALS: 7 dogs. PROCEDURES: OB tissue and olfactory mucosa from the nasal cavity and frontal sinus were obtained from euthanatized dogs and prepared for cell culture. At 7, 14, and 21 days of culture in vitro, numbers and proportions of OECs, astrocytes, and fibroblasts were determined via immunocytochemistry. Antibody against the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75 was used to identify OECs, antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein was used to identify astrocytes, and antibody against fibronectin was used to identify fibroblasts. RESULTS: Cultured OECs derived from the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity and frontal sinus had similar characteristics. However, whereas OECs in the OB cell cultures constituted approximately 50% of the cells at 7 days and approximately 75% at 21 days the proportion of OECs in cultures derived from both mucosal types was much lower, with approximately 40% OECs at 7 days and approximately 25% at 21 days. Analysis of OEC numbers revealed that these changes were accompanied by corresponding decreases and increases in the population of cells with fibronectin receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although olfactory mucosal cell cultures yielded a sufficient number of OECs for spinal cord transplantation procedures in dogs, modification of culture conditions would be required to ensure that the derived cell population contained a sufficient proportion of OECs. 相似文献
17.
The roles of the calcium sensing receptor gene (CaSR) and the multiple endocrine neoplasia gene (MEN1) were investigated in Keeshond dogs with familial hyperparathyroidism. Mutations in these genes have been shown to cause familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIH) in humans. Affected dogs were identified through measurement of blood calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. Parathyroid tissue and whole blood was used to clone the cDNAs and individual exonic sequences of both candidate genes. No sequence abnormalities were identified when comparing normal and affected dogs, suggesting that a mapping strategy may be the most appropriate approach for identifying the genetic basis of this valuable comparative canine disease model. 相似文献
18.
Shoko NAKAMUTA Makoto YOKOSUKA Kazumi TANIGUCHI Yoshio YAMAMOTO Nobuaki NAKAMUTA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):245-250
In turtles, the epithelia lining the upper and lower chambers of the nasal cavity project axons to the
ventral and dorsal parts of the olfactory bulbs, respectively. In a semi-aquatic soft-shelled turtle,
Pelodiscus sinensis, more than 1,000 odorant receptor genes have been found, but it is not
known where they are expressed. In this study, we aimed to clarify the distribution of cells expressing these
genes in the olfactory organs of soft-shelled turtles. Immunoreactions for the Gαolf, the α subunit of G
protein coupled to the odorant receptors, were detected on the surface of epithelia lining both the upper and
lower chambers of the nasal cavity. The receptor cells in the epithelium of both chambers possessed cilia on
the tip of their dendrites, whereas microvillous, non-ciliated, receptor cells were not found. These data
suggest that the odorant receptor genes are expressed by the ciliated receptor cells in the upper and lower
chamber epithelia. Precise location of the vomeronasal epithelium is not known at present. 相似文献
19.
20.
Thresholds of the dog for detection of inhaled eugenol and benzaldehyde determined by electroencephalographic and behavioral olfactometry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Electroencephalographic olfactometry and behavioral olfactometry were developed to evaluate objectively the olfactory function of 12 dogs. These techniques were used to determined normative thresholds for benzaldehyde, a mixed olfactory and trigeminal stimulant, and eugenol, a suspected pure olfactory stimulant, in 12 dogs. Both techniques were effective in obtaining a mean threshold for clinically normal dogs. Electroencephalographic olfactometry was demonstrated to be more sensitive than was behavioral olfactometry. The techniques measured olfactory function by failure to evoke responses in dogs after ablation of olfactory mucosa. The contribution of trigeminal stimulation to the thresholds was not determined. 相似文献