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1.
用12种限制性内切酶分析了6个地方绵羊品种线粒体DNA（mtDNA）细胞色素b（cytb）基因的RFLP。结果表明，在71只绵羊个体中，检出的14种限制性态型可归结成4种单倍型，其间的差异主要来源于几个限制性位点的点突变；4种单倍型间和6个绵羊群体间的平均遗传距离（D）分别为0．412％和0．041％，遗传多态程度（π）为0．028％，说明遗传多样性较为贫乏；单倍型聚类结果和群体聚类结果提示，我国地方绵羊品种的起源可能是单一的。  相似文献   

2.
Eighteen microsatellites were used to investigate the genetic diversity and differentiation of eight Chinese indigenous goat breeds. The results indicated that there is a significant difference of genetic diversity between different loci. Chinese indigenous goat breeds have similar genetic diversity to other Asian goats, but with lower Fst. The clustering of individuals and populations showed that Chinese indigenous goat breeds might have originated from two ancestral populations. The genetic differentiation between populations is consistent with the results of archaeology, mtDNA and RAPD.  相似文献   

3.
我国主要地方绵羊品种遗传亲缘关系   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
利用 10种 10碱基的随机引物 ,分析了我国 8个地方绵羊品种计 88只绵羊的随机扩增多态 DNA。结果表明 ,我国地方绵羊品种基因组 DNA多态位点百分率为 81.36 % ,群体平均遗传多样性指数为 1.3370 ,具有丰富的群体遗传多样性。但滩羊、小尾寒羊、藏绵羊和蒙古羊群体遗传多样性程度较低 ,应加强保种措施。群体遗传分化指数为0 .9172 ,说明遗传变异主要存在于群体间。品种间的分子聚类关系基本上反映了品种间的遗传亲缘关系 ,与品种的形成历史及我国地方绵羊的起源进化学说基本一致 ,具有相同来源的蒙古羊、乌珠穆沁羊、小尾寒羊和湖羊的分子聚类关系表明 ,4个地方绵羊品种间已经有了明显的遗传分化 ,小尾寒羊、乌珠穆沁羊间遗传分化较低 ,湖羊与蒙古羊之间相对较高 ,而小尾寒羊和乌珠穆沁羊与湖羊和蒙古羊之间的遗传分化最高  相似文献   

4.
Mitochondrial DNA diversity and the origin of Chinese indigenous sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Large-scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences data from previous studies were investigated to obtain genetic information which contributes to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and history of modern sheep. In this study, we analyzed mtDNA D-loop sequences of 963 individuals from 16 Chinese indigenous breeds that distributed seven geographic regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all three previously defined haplogroups A, B, and C were found in all breeds among different regions except in Southwest China mountainous region, which had only the A and B haplogroups. The weak phylogeographic structure was observed among Chinese indigenous sheep breeds distribution regions and this could be attributable to long-term strong gene flow among regions induced by the human migration, commercial trade, and extensive transport of sheep. The estimation of demographic parameters from mismatch analyses showed that haplogroups A and B had at least one demographic expansion of indigenous sheep in China.  相似文献   

5.
Biochemical polymorphisms and major mtDNA haplotypes in Bergschaf breeds and Waldschaf as contribution to descent of domestic sheep Morphological similarities between domestic sheep and certain subspecies of Ovis ammon L. 1758 are not necessarily proof of the domestication of a specific subspecies, as crossbreeding of foreign wild sheep populations of different genetic origin with domestic sheep could have led to observed similarities. The maternal inherited mitochondrial genome offers the opportunity to trace modern domestic sheep breeds across numerous generations to presumptive wild ancestors regardless of domestication induced morphological changes and crossbreeding, etc. An investigation based on haplotype specific HinfI – mtDNA fragments and protein polymorphisms in different mountain sheep breeds thought to represent maternal descendants of the Torfschaf as well as in the Waldschaf breed, which belongs to the Zaupel group, were used to help clarify if the major European mtDNA haplotype B was associated with the Torfschaf (Ovis aries palustris RÜTIMEYER 1862), the oldest domesticated sheep in Europe. Samples derived from Steinschaf of the Slovenian and Bavarian type, white and brown varieties of Bergschaf, Brillenschafe from Bavaria and Villnösserschafe showed haplotype B. A single investigated ram of the Bergamasker breed was of the same haplotype. mtDNA haplotype A was detected in more than 50% of the Waldschaf animals. This demonstrates that not all sheep breeds derived from Zaupelschaf are descendants of the same wild ancestor. Within haemoglobin (HBB) the variants HBBA and HBBB occur in a well balanced pattern in all breeds investigated, while the frequency of HBBA was high (0.857) in the brown Bergschaf. Steinschafe of Bavarian type were polymorphic at the CA2‐locus and Waldschafe at the GC‐locus. At the transferrin locus, differences in the occurrence and frequency of the different alleles could be demonstrated between populations. Relationships between Torfschaf, Kupferschaf, Steinschaf, Zaupelschaf, Bergamasker and European Mouflon are discussed. It is likely that the domesticated ancestors of most European sheep can be traced from the Torfschaf to an as yet unknown wild sheep (Ovis ammon) subspecies in Asia.  相似文献   

6.
China is abundant of sheep genetic resources. A total of 55 sequences containing the Ovis aries mtDNA D-loop of three large-fat-tailed sheep breeds, named Lanzhou, Tong, and Han were retrieved from GenBank to investigate their genetic diversity, origin, and phylogenetic evolution. The results showed that the sheep breeds in our study proved to be extremely diverse, the average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.987 ± 0.006 and 0.03956 ± 0.00206, respectively. The 55 sequences gave 39 different haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that there were three distinct mtDNA haplogroups: A, B, and C, in which haplogroup A was predominant and had experienced population expansion events. Clustering analysis showed that the large-fat-tailed sheep breeds clustered into one group and were closely related to the Mongolian sheep and then European mouflon sheep (Ovis musimon). The results contribute to the knowledge of Chinese sheep breeds and the plan of conservation programs on large-fat-tailed sheep.  相似文献   

7.
Information is presented on the genetic diversity and relationship among six Indian sheep breeds/populations belonging to the Southern peninsular and Eastern agroecological zones, based on microsatellite markers. Parameters of genetic variation, viz., allele diversity, observed heterozygosity, gene diversity and population inbreeding estimates, were calculated for the six breeds. The allele diversity ranged from 6.40 to 7.92, whereas the gene diversity varied from 0.617 to 0.727. The highest allele and gene diversity was observed for Nellore sheep, while the lowest was exhibited by Garole breed. Within population inbreeding estimate (F IS) revealed a significant deficit of heterozygotes in Deccani, Madgyal, Nellore and Garole, whereas Ganjam and Chhotanagpuri sheep showed an excess of heterozygotes. The contribution of each breed to the total diversity of the breeds was quantified by the Weitzman approach. The marginal loss of diversity incurred with removal of Nellore and Garole breeds was higher (>27%), whereas removal of Deccani breed resulted in lowest loss of diversity (3.84%) from the set. Estimation of the genetic differentiation (F ST) and genetic distance (D A) between the pairs of breeds revealed a close relationship between Deccani and Madgyal sheep (F ST = 0.017; D A = 0.080) and greatest demarcation between Madgyal and Garole breeds (F ST = 0.110; D A = 0.622). The information generated would help in shaping genetic management and conservation programs for the sheep breeds under consideration.  相似文献   

8.
The genetic diversity and phylogenetic survey of native sheep breeds in the eastern and southern Central Asia were assessed in the present study. The clustering, principal components, structure and F statistics all demonstrate that the native sheep breeds in these regions be classified into two genetic groups: Mongolia‐Tibetan sheep group and South‐Southeast Asia sheep group. The Mongolia sheep group and the Tibetan sheep group had a certain degree of gene communication from the ancient times. In the present study we demonstrated that the Chinese native sheep populations belonged to Mongolia‐Tibetan sheep group. However, the relationships among the sheep populations in Mongolia sheep group in China were not closely related to the geographical distance among sheep populations.  相似文献   

9.
本研究旨在了解酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1（tyrosinase related protein 1，TYRP1）基因在中国地方绵羊群体内的遗传变异，以及TYRP1基因突变与不同毛色表型绵羊群体的相关性。通过直接测序法和PCR-RFLP技术对10个中国地方绵羊群体进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）检测，利用Beagle、PLINK和POPGENE等软件对突变位点数据进行单倍型构建、连锁不平衡分析和遗传变异研究。突变位点检测结果表明，在绵羊TYRP1基因内识别了13个SNPs，其中位于TYRP1基因外显子上的10个SNPs位点，除个别位点在大尾寒羊、中国美利奴羊和岷县黑裘皮羊中没有发生突变外，其他突变位点在所有绵羊品种中均出现不同程度变异，说明中国地方绵羊群体具有较高的遗传多样性。单倍型分析结果表明，所有样本中共有42个单倍型，优势单倍型0000000000（245/918）、0100000001（91/918）在所有绵羊群体中均存在，除单倍型0101100000（93/918）在中国美利奴羊中没有出现，单倍型0001000001（69/918）在岷县黑裘皮羊、哈萨克羊群体中没有出现外，在其他群体中均存在。连锁分析结果表明，10个SNPs在所有样本中均存在2个连锁模块。群体遗传变异分析表明，中国地方绵羊群体具有较高水平的群体内遗传变异，各绵羊品种间存在明显的遗传分化模式，且各品种遗传关系与其品种传统分类结果基本一致。本研究为进一步研究TYRP1基因对绵羊毛色遗传性状的影响提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

10.
A serological study was done to assess the role of Maedi-Visna (MV) infection in sheep from flocks with high respiratory tract disease morbidity in Ethiopia. Of 105 sheep examined from central Ethiopia 78 (74%) were positive for MV-infection. However, antibodies to the virus were not detected in 48 sheep and 70 goats from elsewhere in Ethiopia. The infection was detected in all breeds of sheep examined (Awassi, Hampshire, Corriedale, indigenous Menz breeds and their crosses) but with a significant breed difference (chi 2 = 20, p < 0.001) varying from 48% in imported Awassi sheep to 92% in the indigenous Menz sheep. This suggests that Menz sheep are more susceptible to infection, which may support the observation of a higher incidence of clinical disease in these sheep compared to exotic breeds and their crosses. It also supports recent studies indicating that MV is becoming one of the most important respiratory tract diseases in sheep in central Ethiopia. Our findings indicate that MV was introduced into Ethiopia via sheep imported into the central highlands and that it now constitutes an important emerging disease is discussed. Measures to control the disease are suggested.  相似文献   

11.
The genetic structure of three Indian sheep breeds from two different geographical locations (Nali, Chokla from north‐western arid and semi‐arid region; Garole from eastern saline marshy region) of India was investigated by means of 11 ovine‐specific microsatellite markers as proposed in FAOs MoDAD programme. Microsatellite analysis revealed high allelic and gene diversity in all the three breeds. Nali sheep showed higher mean number of alleles and gene diversity (6.27 and 0.65) than Chokla (5.63 and 0.64) and Garole (5.63 and 0.59). High within population inbreeding estimates observed in the three breeds (FIS, Chokla = 0.286, Nali = 0.284, Garole = 0.227) reflected deficit of heterozygotes. The overall estimates for F‐statistics were significantly (p < 0.05) different from zero. High values of FST (0.183) across all the loci revealed substantial degree of breed differentiation. Based on pair wise FST and Nm between different breeds, Nali and Chokla (FST = 6.62% and Nm = 4.80) were observed to be the closest followed by Garole and Nali (FST = 20.9% and Nm = 1.80), and Garole and Chokla (FST = 21.4% and Nm = 1.71). In addition, genetic distance estimates, phylogeny analysis and individual assignment test used to evaluate interbreed genetic proximity and population structure also revealed substantial genetic differentiation between Garole and the other two Rajasthani (Nali and Chokla) sheep. This divergent status of Garole sheep indicated genetic uniqueness of this breed suggesting higher priority for its conservation.  相似文献   

12.
The study characterized genetic diversity and genetic structure of five indigenous pig populations (Ha Lang, Muong Te, Mong Cai, Lung and Lung Pu), two wild pig populations (Vietnamese and Thai wild pigs) and an exotic pig breed (Yorkshire) using FAO/ISAG recommended 16 microsatellite markers in 236 samples. All estimated loci were very polymorphic indicated by high values of polymorphism information content (from 0.76 in S0225 to 0.92 in Sw2410). Indigenous populations had very high level of genetic diversity (mean He = 0.75); of all indigenous breeds, Lung Pu showed highest mean number of alleles (MNA = 10.1), gene diversity (He = 0.82), allele richness (5.33) and number of private alleles (10). Thirteen percentage of the total genetic variation observed was due to differences among populations. The neighbour‐joining dendrogram obtained from Nei's standard genetic distance differentiated eight populations into four groups including Yorkshire, two wild populations, Mong Cai population and a group of four other indigenous populations. The Bayesian clustering with the admixture model implemented in Structure 2.1 indicated seven possible homogenous clusters among eight populations. From 79% (Ha Lang) to 98% (Mong Cai). individuals in indigenous pigs were assigned to their own populations. The results confirmed high level of genetic diversity and shed a new light on genetic structure of Vietnam indigenous pig populations.  相似文献   

13.
Livestock guard dog (LGD) breeds from the Western Balkans are a good example of how complex genetic diversity pattern observed in dog breeds has been shaped by transition in dog breeding practices. Despite their common geographical origin and relatively recent formal recognition as separate breeds, the Karst Shepherd, Sarplaninac and Tornjak show distinct population dynamics, assessed by pedigree, microsatellite and mtDNA data. We genotyped 493 dogs belonging to five dog breeds using a set of 18 microsatellite markers and sequenced mtDNA from 94 dogs from these breeds. Different demographic histories of the Karst Shepherd and Tornjak breeds are reflected in the pedigree data with the former breed having more unbalanced contributions of major ancestors and a realized effective population size of less than 20 animals. The highest allelic richness was found in Sarplaninac (5.94), followed by Tornjak (5.72), whereas Karst Shepherd dogs exhibited the lowest allelic richness (3.33). Similarly, the highest mtDNA haplotype diversity was found in Sarplaninac, followed by Tornjak and Karst Shepherd, where only one haplotype was found. Based on FST differentiation values and high percentages of animals correctly assigned, all breeds can be considered genetically distinct. However, using microsatellite data, common ancestry between the Karst Shepherd and Sarplaninac could not be reconstructed, despite pedigree and mtDNA evidence of their historical admixture. Using neighbour‐joining, STRUCTURE or DAPC methods, Sarplaninac and Caucasian Shepherd breeds could not be separated and additionally showed close proximity in the NeighborNet tree. STRUCTURE analysis of the Tornjak breed demonstrated substructuring, which needs further investigation. Altogether, results of this study show that the official separation of these dog breeds strongly affected the resolution of genetic differentiation and thus suggest that the relationships between breeds are not only determined by breed relatedness, but in small populations even more importantly by stochastic effects.  相似文献   

14.
The characterisation of the small ruminant populations in developing countries will play a major role in the maintenance of the genetic resources as the basis for future improvement in livestock production. The present study aimed at morphological characterisation of the two main breeds of sheep in Ghana by assessing variation within and between breed populations using principal component and discriminant analyses. The two breeds were the Sahel and the Djallonke sheep of both sexes and of two groups namely, young (1 year old, consisting of 74 animals) and mature sheep (≥2 years old, comprising 219 animals). The analysis of variance revealed significant (P?<?0.05) differences in the morphological traits of the Sahel and the Djallonke sheep breeds with higher values recorded for the former. Sexual dimorphism was in favour of male animals in all the morphological traits examined. Mature animals also had comparative advantage over the young. Two principal components were extracted to discern the structure of the two genetic groups. The most discriminating traits between the two sheep breeds were rump height, height at withers, neck girth and pin-bone width. Mahalanobis distance between the two genetic groups was 5.723 (P?<?0.0001). The developed discriminant functions clearly discriminated and classified the Sahel and the Djallonke sheep into their breeds of origin, thus yielding 100, 93.4 and 90.4 % accurate classification for the rams, ewes and the overall sheep population, respectively. The present approach would greatly help in establishing management and conservation policies for the sustainable production of the two Ghanaian sheep breeds.  相似文献   

15.
In order to explore the genetic diversity and the classification status of the Chinese domestic pigs at the molecular level, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomic sequences of 22 Chinese indigenous pig breeds from 6 types were downloaded from GenBank for the analysis using the bioinformatics method. The polymorphism of nucleic acid sequences was analyzed,the molecular phylogenetic tree based on D-loop sequences, Cytb gene, complete coding region mtDNA sequences and the Median-Joining network of the mtDNA D-loop haplotypes were constructed for 22 pig breeds from 6 types. The results showed that a total of 144 mutation sites among 22 pig breeds were detected, 22 haplotypes were discovered, which indicated that Chinese indigenous pig breeds had abundant genetic diversity. According to the complete mtDNA genomic sequences analysis, which suggested that the main mutations was transition, the transition/transversion ratio was greater than 2.0 and all mutations were in line with the neutral mutation. Our findings clearly demonstrated that there was a near genetic distance among 6 types, meanwhile, the shared haplotypes were found. The phylogenetic tree showed that Chinese indigenous pigs from 6 types were diverged from two ancestors.The results indicated that mtDNA D-loop and Cytb gene might serve as molecular markers for phylogenesis, origin and evolution.  相似文献   

16.
为从分子水平上探究中国地方猪种遗传多样性和分类地位,本试验采用生物信息学方法比较了6个类型共22个中国地方猪种的线粒体基因组全序列,分析了其多态性,并构建了6个类型猪种线粒体D-loop区单倍型的网络中介图以及基于线粒体D-loop序列、Cytb基因、完整编码区序列的系统进化树。结果表明,6个类型22个猪种中共检测到了144个多态位点,22种单倍型,说明地方猪种具有丰富的遗传多样性;地方猪线粒体基因组序列中核苷酸变异以转换为主,且Ti/Tv大于转换/颠换比临界值（2.0）,变异位点均符合中性突变。6个类型猪种间遗传距离均较小,且有共享单倍型。系统进化树结果表明,6种类型地方猪种主要聚为两个支系。表明线粒体D-loop序列及Cytb基因均可作为研究种内系统发育、起源进化的分子标记。  相似文献   

17.
Ovulation rate and prolificacy are the most important reproductive traits that have major impact on the efficiency of lamb meat production. Here, we compared the whole genomes of the Romanov sheep, known as one of the high prolific breeds, and four other sheep breeds namely Assaf, Awassi, Cambridge and British du cher, to identify genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep. Selection signature analysis revealed 637 and 477 protein‐coding genes under positive selection from FST and nucleotide diversity (Pi) statistics, respectively. Further analysis showed that several candidate genes including LEPR, PDGFRL and KLF5 genes are involved in sheep prolificacy. The identified candidate genes in the selected regions are novel and provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep and can be useful in sheep breeding programmes to develop improved breeds for high reproductive efficiency.  相似文献   

18.
利用11对AFLP引物组合,检测了哈萨克羊、阿勒泰羊、巴什拜羊池DNA遗传变异,构建了各品种的AFLP DNA 指纹图谱,根据AFLP分析结果,统计了每个引物组合在各品种中检测到的多态性条带,计算了3个品种的遗传相似系数,并据此构建了UPGMA聚类关系图,分析了它们的遗传关系.结果表明:11对AFLP引物组合在3个地方绵羊品种中共检测到310条带,平均每个引物组合产生28.18条带,变化范围在25～34条,其中多态性条带32条,占扩增总带教的10.32%,每对引物平均扩增多态性带2.909条.品种间的遗传相似系数以哈萨克绵羊与阿勒泰绵羊的最高(O.699),哈萨克绵羊与巴什拜绵羊最小(0.592),聚类结果与这些羊的育成史、分化及地理分布一致.  相似文献   

19.
采用PCR—SSCP技术及mtDNA D-loop序列分析相结合的方法，对我国云南昭通绵羊、腾冲绵羊、宁蒗绵羊及西藏的多玛绵羊、江孜绵羊5个地方绵羊群体共232个个体进行遗传多样性及系统进化分析。PCR-SSCP分析显示，在西藏的多玛绵羊和江孜绵羊中均检测到线粒体编码区的Cytb和ND2基因的3种单倍型A、B和C，且在西藏的多玛绵羊、江孜绵羊中C单倍型比例高于B型；而在云南的昭通绵羊、腾冲绵羊和宁蒗绵羊中只检测到单倍型A和B。根据不同的单倍型从5个群体中筛选出39个样品进行mtDNAD-loop区克隆测序，经过系统进化分析揭示西藏绵羊存在A、B、C3种mtDNA单倍型；而云南绵羊只存在A、B2种mtDNA单倍型。以上基于PCR-SSCP和D-loop区序列的分析结果一致提示西藏绵羊有3个母系来源，云南绵羊有2个母系来源。基于mtDNAD-loop序列的多态性分析结果显示西藏多玛绵羊和江孜绵羊的单倍型多样度（Hd）、核苷酸多样度（Pi）及平均核苷酸差异数（k）均高于云南3个地方绵羊品种，提示西藏绵羊遗传多样性较丰富，云南绵羊遗传多样性相对贫乏。  相似文献   

20.
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