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1.
Cassava peels (CaPe) were ensiled in mixtures with Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala, and the utilization of the mixed silages by West African dwarf (WAD) goats was assessed. Five silages were composed, comprising of 100 % ensiled CaPe (control), CaPe?+? G. sepium 2:1 ( w/ w; 2CGS), CaPe?+? G. sepium 1:1 ( w/ w; CGS), CaPe?+? L. leucocephala 2:1 ( w/ w; 2CLL) and CaPe?+? L. leucocephala 1:1 ( w/ w; CLL). All diets were supplemented with molasses (40 g/kg) before ensiling which lasted 3 months. Fifteen WAD goats (8.01?±?0.12 kg body weight) were fed one of the experimental diets (50 g/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. The control had the lowest hydrocyanic acid content (0.05 mg/kg DM), while others ranged from 6.2 to 81.3 mg/kg. Condensed tannin concentration ranged from 1.7 to 8.4 mg/kg DM, while mimosine levels were 11.6 and 12.4 mg/kg DM in 2CLL and CLL, respectively. After fermentation, all silages showed low pH (<4.5) and were different ( P?<?0.05) in the lactic, acetic and butyric acid concentrations. Ratio of foliage supplementation influenced DM intake ( P?<?0.05). Daily weight gains ranged from 17 (CLL) to 24 g/day in control. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients and fibre fractions differed ( P?<?0.05) among diets. The values for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were also different ( P?<?0.05) across the dietary treatments. Ensiling CaPe with foliages of G. sepium and L. leucocephala can be recommended for feeding WAD goats especially during the dry spells when there is little or no available forage for the animals. 相似文献
2.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of lablab and pigeon pea leaf supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, weight gain, and carcass characteristics of goats fed a basal diet of haricot bean haulms. Thirty-two yearling intact male goats with an average initial body weight of 14.4?±?1.04 kg (Means ± SD) were assigned to one of the four treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were 17.5% lablab?+?17.5% pigeon pea leaf?+?63% wheat bran (T1), 35% pigeon leaf?+?63% wheat bran (T2), 35% lablab leaf?+?63% wheat bran (T3), and 88% wheat bran?+?10% noug seed cake (T4). In addition, all treatment diets contained 1 and 1% limestone. The feeding trial lasted for 90 days followed by 7 days of digestibility trial. Carcass evaluation was conducted at the end of the feeding trial. Final body weight ranged from 16.3 kg for T4 to 21.1 kg for T3. The total dry matter (DM) intake for T3 was higher ( P?<?0.05) than T2 and T4. The total crude protein (CP) intake for T2 was greater ( P?<?0.05) than T3 and T4. Goats supplemented with T3 diets had the highest ( P?>?0.05) digestibility of DM, organic matter, and CP and attained the highest ( P?<?0.05) average daily gain, the heaviest (P?<?0.05) hot carcass weight, and the highest (P?<?0.05) rib-eye muscle area than those supplemented with T1, T2, and T4 diets. In conclusion, 35% lablab leaf meal and 63% what bran (T3) were found to be a very promising supplement in sheep fed low-quality crop residues under the condition of the current experiment. 相似文献
3.
The effects of screened lactic acid bacteria strains were evaluated on growth performance, humoral immunity, and IGF-1 gene expression in broiler chickens. The three dietary groups of negative control fed basal diet, the native LAB probiotic group (NP), and PrimaLac commercial LAB probiotic (PC) were studied. The results revealed that NP and PC diets significantly improved feed conversion ratio and increased body weight, as well as relative weight of carcass compared with group fed NC diet (P?<?0.05). Lymphocyte level was significantly increased in birds fed NP and PC (P?<?0.01), while serum triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased compared with the NC (P?<?0.05). Significant increases were observed in antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus of vaccinated birds (P?<?0.03), and morphological analysis of ileum revealed significant increases (P?<?0.05) in the villus height and villus height/crypt depth in birds fed NP and PC compared with the NC. The dietary significantly increased Lactobacillus spp. (P?<?0.05), while Escherichia coli (P?<?0.04) populations were significantly decreased, and also, the expression of IGF-1 gene in liver tissue of broilers fed NP and PC was significantly increased compared with the NC (P?<?0.05). These results indicated that the identified native LAB strains can be used commercially as a low-cost probiotic in poultry industry of Iran. 相似文献
4.
Fifteen Bhadawari buffalo heifers of 207?±?9.78 kg mean body weight were randomly distributed into three dietary groups to evaluate the effect of protein level on nutrient utilization, nitrogen (N) balance, growth rate, blood metabolites, and puberty. All animals were offered wheat straw-berseem diets supplemented with concentrate mixtures of similar energy (2.7 Mcal/kg) and different protein levels (14.3–22 %). Animals of standard-protein group (SPG) were offered protein and energy as per requirement, while animals of low-protein group (LPG) and high-protein group (HPG) were fed 20 % less and 20 % more protein, respectively, than SPG. Feed dry matter (DM) and metabolizable energy (ME) intake (% body wt. and g/kg w0.75) were similar for all three diets; however, the crude protein (CP) and digestible crude protein (DCP) intake on percent body weight and per kilogram metabolic weight was higher (P?<?0.05) in HPG than in SPG or LPG. Digestibility of CP, cellulose, and hemicellulose was higher (P?<?0.05) in HPG versus LPG. Fecal N excretion was similar, while urinary N excretion was highest (P?<?0.05) in HPG (74.83 g/day) compared with SPG (50.03 g/day) and LPG (47.88 g/day), which resulted in lower N retention in HPG than in the other dietary groups. Level of dietary N had no effect on blood metabolites viz. glucose, urea, and N. Digestible energy (DE) and ME contents of diets were identical, while DCP contents were higher (P?<?0.05) in HPG than in LPG. Feed and nutrient (CP and ME) conversion efficiency to produce a unit kilogram weight gain was identical among the dietary groups. Dietary protein level had no effect on the heifer’s weight and age at puberty. The mean growth rate of heifers at 240 days was higher (P?>?0.05) in SPG (330.8 g/day) than in LPG (296.7 g/day), while the animals gained more weight in January to March months and the lowest weight in May to July months. Protein level had no effect on conception rate of heifers. Results revealed that 20 % higher or less protein than the ICAR requirement had no significant (P?>?0.05) on feed intake, nutrient conversion efficiency for weight gain, heifer growth, and puberty; however, 20 % more protein increased urinary N loss. 相似文献
5.
Nonconventional agro-industrial by-products such as traditional liquor residues (locally called katikala atella) are widely used by livestock farmers in Ethiopia. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the supplementary value of katikala atella and malt sprout (MS) on performance of sheep fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay. Thirty intact yearling male sheep with an average initial body weight of 17.4?±?0.74 kg (mean?±?SD) were assigned to the treatments in a completely randomized block design: atella alone (T1), 75 % atella?+?25 % malt sprout (MS) (T2), 50 % atella?+?50 % MS (T3), 25 % atella?+?75 % MS (T4), MS alone (T5), and Rhodes grass hay alone (T6). Grass hay was fed ad libitum to all treatments. The total dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intakes of sheep fed T4, T5, and T3 diets were the highest ( P?<?0.05), while sheep receiving T6 had the lowest DM intake. The highest ( P?<?0.05) total crude protein (CP) intake was for sheep fed T5 diet, while the lowest was for those fed T6 diet. Sheep receiving T3 diet had higher ( P?<?0.05) DM, OM, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility as compared with those fed T1, T2, and T6 diets. Sheep supplemented with 50–100 % malt sprout had similar ( P?>?0.05) DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility. The highest ( P?<?0.05) average daily gain was for sheep fed T3, T4, and T5 diets, while sheep in T6 lost body weight. Sheep fed T5 diet had the highest ( P?<?0.05) nitrogen retention, while those fed T6 diet had the lowest. The study has shown that a mixture diet consisting of equal parts of katikala atella and malt sprout (T3) are found to be superior in most of the required nutrient characteristics. 相似文献
6.
Forty-eight growing New Zealand White male rabbits aged 6 weeks (874?±?1.3 g initial body weight (BW)) were used to study effects of partial replacement of berseem hay (BH) with Salix tetrasperma hay (ST) on growth and physiological responses. Rabbits were allotted to one of four diets of 12 rabbits each for 75 days in a completely randomized design. The treatments were as follows: control (30 % BH), ST25 (7.5 % ST?+?22.5 % BH), ST50 (15 % ST?+?15 % BH), ST75 (22.5 % ST?+?7.5 % BH). Nutrient digestibility coefficients, nutritive value and N utilization of rabbits fed with the ST50 rations were higher (P?P?P??ST25 and ST50?>?control. Glucose level was higher (P?P?P?相似文献
7.
The effect of an ad libitum supplementary feeding on some reproductive characteristics of ram lambs were evaluated. Twelve Sanjabi rams were allocated to one of two groups: control (C) and treatment (T). The control group received hay and the treatment group received hay and concentrate with gross energy and crude protein concentration of 4.52 Mcal and 16% of dry matter, respectively. At the end of experiment, after taking blood samples for determination of testosterone concentration (TC), all lambs were castrated and the testicular weight (TWT), testicular volume (TV), testicular length (TL), and testicular width (TW) were measured. In addition, testes were subjected to histological analysis. Body weight (BW), TC, TWT, TL, and TV in the T group were higher (P?<?0.05) than the C group. However, TW was not affected by diet (P?>?0.05). Animals from the C group presented lower numbers (P?<?0.05) of Sertoli (SCN), germ (GCN), and Leydig cell numbers (LCN) compared to the T group. Also, seminiferous tubule diameter (STD) in the T group was significantly greater than (P?<?0.05) the C group. TWT had a significant association with TC (P?<?0.05), STD (P?<?0.01), SCN (P?<?0.01), GCN (P?<?0.05), and LCN (P?<?0.05). TC was correlated with STD (P?<?0.01), SCN (P?<?0.01), GCN (P?<?0.05), and LCN (P?<?0.05). STD showed close correlation with SCN (P?<?0.01), GCN (P?<?0.01), and LCN (P?<?0.05). Also, SCN had a positive association with GCN (P?<?0.01) and LCN (P?<?0.05). A positive correlation was found between GCN and LCN (P?<?0.01). In conclusion, the plane of nutrition of growing ram lambs enhances their growth and testicular development and probably will increases their postpubertal reproductive performance. 相似文献
8.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing increasing levels of Gliricidia sepium hay (GS) with different levels of inclusion of Buffel grass (BG) hay on digestibility by hair sheep lambs (2.5 to 3.5 months of age). Eight male lambs were used in a replicated 4?×?4 Latin square design with 21-day experimental periods ( n?=?4). Animals were fed with BG with different levels of GS: 100 % BG (T1, control), 90 % BG?+?10 % GS (T2), 80 % BG?+?20 % GS (T3), and 70 % BG?+?30 % GS (T4). Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intakes were not affected by treatments. The intake of crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), and gross energy was higher ( P?<?0.05) in those lambs fed with T4 diet than control. NDF and ADF digestibilities were higher ( P?<?0.05) in T1 than in the other treatments. CP digestibility was higher ( P?<?0.05) in T4 compared to T1, T2, and T3. The study showed that inclusion of GS up to 30 % with BG in forage-based diets of sheep does not affect DM and fiber intake nor influence DM and OM digestibilities but it increases CP intake and reduces NDF and ADF digestibilities. 相似文献
9.
In the present study, we investigated the effect of grape seed and skin supplement (GSSS), on lactating dairy ewes’ production. Ten dairy pregnant ewes from northern Tunisia were allocated to two groups: control diet (C) and supplemented with 20 % ( w/ w) GSSS. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and took place after 2 months of lambing. During the experiment, daily milk yield and milk composition were determined. Supplementation of the diet with GSSS increased milk production ( P?<?0.001), calcium ( P?<?0.01), free iron ( P?<?0.01) and urea content ( P?<?0.001) but had no effect on milk fat nor protein. From these data, it is concluded that the inclusion of GSSS in sheep diets increased significantly ewes’ milk yield. 相似文献
10.
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of sun-dried Ziziphus spina-christi (ZC) leaves on feed intake and live weight gain of local male goats. Twenty-five male local breed of goats at 1 year of age (body weight; BW?=?20.7?±?0.72 kg) were randomly allocated to five treatments and five replications. Treatments were as follows: T1 (grass hay only; control group); T2 (75% grass hay + 25% ZC leaves); T3 (50% grass hay + 50% ZC leaves); T4 (25% grass hay + 75% ZC leaves), and T5 (100% ZC leaves). The study lasted for 90 days. During this period, feed intake, BW change, and average daily gain were evaluated. There was a significant difference in total dry matter intake of goats fed on different levels of ZC leaves compared with the control group. Mixing of the pasture grass hay diet improved (P?<?0.05) goats feed intake from 440 to 592 g/head/day at the minimum proportion of 25% ZC and natural pasture mixture. However, there was no significant difference (P?>?0.05) in feed intake among the supplemented groups (T2–T5) as ZC leaves proportion increased. Goats in the control group and in the 25% ZC treatment diet gained 31.4 and 46.7 g, which was not different (P?>?0.05). The highest average daily BW was gained (P?<?0.05) in goats supplemented with the highest level (100%) of ZC leaves. T5 (100% ZC leaves supplementation) showed a significant increment (P?<?0.05) in body weight gain of goats over other treatments and the control. Feed conversion ratio was increased (P?<?0.05) with increased inclusion level of ZC leaves. Goats on supplemented treatments 1 and 2; treatments 4 and 5 had no significant difference (P?>?0.05) in feed conversion efficiency while there was a significant (P?<?0.05) difference between treatments 2 and 3 diets which had higher (P?<?0.05) feed conversion ratio than the control groups. Generally, the results of the current study showed that supplementation of goats with above 50% level of dried ZC leaves in their diet significantly increased feed intake and body weight gain by improving feed conversion efficiency of goats. 相似文献
11.
This study was carried out aiming to evaluate the effects of yeast or monensin supplementation on dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility, ruminal volatile fatty acids profile, ruminal pH and ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis, and the balance of nitrogen compounds of cattle fed high concentrate diet (80 % dry matter (DM) basis) with two different levels of starch. Eight crossbred beef steers fitted with rumen cannula were assigned to two simultaneous 4?×?4 Latin squares arranged in a 4?×?2 factorial design. Two different starch levels (23 and 38 % of DM) were assigned to each Latin square, independently. Within each Latin square, four treatments were randomly assigned to the experimental animals (control; monensin; 1-g yeast [1 g/100 kg body weight (BW)/day] treatment; and 2.5-g yeast [2.5 g/100 kg BW/day] treatment). Feed additives did not influence ruminal pH ( P?>?0.05). Total ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was greater ( P?<?0.05) in the diet with the lowest starch level. Similarly, monensin and 1-g yeast treatments resulted in greater ( P?<?0.05) VFA concentration in the rumen. Monensin inclusion in the diet with the highest starch level led to a decrease ( P?<?0.05) in lactate concentration in the rumen. However, acetate levels were increased ( P?<?0.05) by the inclusion of 1 g of yeast in the diet with lowest starch level. Ruminal concentrations of propionate and butyrate, and ammonia-N were not influenced ( P?>?0.05) by none of the additives evaluated. However, propionate concentration was greater ( P?<?0.05) in the low-starch diets. Low-starch diets resulted in lower ruminal ammonia-N concentration and greater neutral detergent fiber digestibility ( P?<?0.05). The excretion of urinary nitrogenous compounds, purine derivatives, synthesis of microbial protein, microbial efficiency, and balance of nitrogenous compounds were not affected by treatments evaluated ( P?>?0.05). Monensin or yeast inclusion in high concentrate beef cattle diets in tropical regions as in Brazil is not justified by do not alter nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and main ruminal parameters. 相似文献
12.
The effect of replacing soybean crude protein (CP) with legume leaf meal (LLM) CP on feed intake, growth performance and carcass traits was studied in native female Moo Lath Lao pigs. The diets comprised one traditional diet (T) without soybean meal, one control diet (C) with soybean meal and six diets iso-nitrogenous with diet C in which soybean protein was replaced (33, 66 and 100 % of CP) with LLM CP from porcupine joint vetch (PLM) or Stylosanthes (SLM). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Replacing soybean CP with LLM CP reduced ( P?<?0.05) intake of dry matter (DMI), CP (CPI), metabolisable energy (MEI), final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), but had no effect ( P?>?0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR). Increasing the replacement rate of soybean CP with LLM CP had a negative linear effect ( P?<?0.001) on DMI, CPI, MEI, final BW and ADG, and on all carcass traits except lean meat percentage. There were no differences in dressing percentage or organ weight and length between treatments. Supplementing diet T with soybean meal resulted in higher ( P?<?0.05) DMI, CPI and MEI, lower ( P?<?0.05) FCR, and higher ( P?<?0.05) final BW and ADG. Slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, eye muscle thickness, back fat, fat in carcass and lean meat were lower ( P?<?0.05) with diet T than diet C. In conclusion, LLM from stylo and porcupine joint vetch can be used as a CP source to partially replace soybean meal CP in the diet of growing native female Moo Lath Lao pigs. 相似文献
13.
To estimate the effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on N utilization, seven mature rabbits were fed a diet containing 5% glucose or FOS for 8 days. During the last 5 days, total feces and urine were collected to measure N levels (Experiment 1). To examine N transfer from the blood to cecal microbes, eight rabbits were fed the same diets as in Experiment 1. After 9 days of feeding, 2 g of glucose or FOS was given orally. Two hours later 20 mg of 15N‐urea was administered via the ear vein, and 1 h later cecal and blood samples were collected (Experiment 2). Urinary N excretion was lowered by FOS feeding ( P < 0.05). Total bacterial N and 15N in the cecum was significantly higher in FOS‐fed animals ( P < 0.05). Urea N in the cecum was lower in FOS‐fed rabbits ( P < 0.05). Similarly, 15N atom % excess of cecal urea N was also lower in FOS‐fed rabbits than in glucose‐fed rabbits. These results suggest that FOS in the diet increases the transfer of blood urea N to the cecum for bacterial synthesis, thereby increasing N utilization. 相似文献
14.
The objective of the study was to determine growth performance, viscera organ development, economic benefit and sensory characteristics of meat from broilers finished on Acacia anguistissima leaf meal-based diets. One hundred and eighty Cobb 500-day-old chicks were used in the study. Acacia anguistissima was used as a protein source and included in broiler diets at 0, 50 and 100 g/kg. Total feed intake (TFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) and cost benefit analysis were determined. There were no differences in TFI of broilers across treatments diets. Average daily gain and gain to feed (G:F) ratio were low ( P?<?0.05) for broilers feeding on diet with100 g/kg acacia meal. Highest returns from weight gain were obtained from broiler chickens fed on diet with 50 g/kg inclusion level of A. anguistissima ( P?<?0.05). Intestinal length increased with inclusion level of A. anguistissima whereas liver and spleen weight decreased with inclusion level of A. anguistissima ( P?<?0.05) . Female consumers gave higher scores for overall flavour intensity than male consumers ( P?<?0.05). Treatment diets influenced consumer sensory characteristics of broiler meat ( P?<?0.05). High sensory scores were observed for overall flavour intensity (OFI) for both boiled and deep fried meat from broilers fed 100 g/kg A. anguistissima. It can be concluded that A. anguistissima meal can be used effectively up to 50 g/kg in broiler diets without compromising performance of chickens and can influence a few sensory characteristics. 相似文献
15.
Fifteen West African Dwarf grower bucks of about 6–8 months of age and average weights of 8.39 kg were used in a 70-day study to assess the intake and blood profile of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets containing graded levels of treated sweet orange peel meal (TSOPM), in a completely randomized design. Sweet orange peels were collected from sweet orange retailers within Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. The peels were packed into synthetic bags, compressed, and allowed to ferment for 12 h before sun-drying. The sun-dried peels were crushed into a meal and used to compound four treatments diets which consisted of 0, 60, and 80% TSOPM, designated diets A, B, and C respectively. Results showed that there were no significant differences (P?>?0.05) among the treatments in all the performance parameters except in the total forage intake values in which treatment A (19.74 kg) was significantly lower (P?<?0.05) than treatment B (21.77 kg) and treatment C (21.96 kg). But between treatment B and treatment C, there was no difference. Effect of treatments was also not apparent on the haematological indices measured, but the serum biochemical parameters showed significant difference (P?<?0.05) among the treatments for total protein values. The total protein value for treatment C (8.02 g/dl) was significantly higher (P?<?0.05) than treatments A (7.10 g/dl) and B (6.62 g/dl). The study showed that treated sweet orange peel meal can be used up to 80% level to replace maize offal in the diets of goats without adverse effects on the performance blood indices. 相似文献
16.
The effects of corn particle size on nutrient digestibility and energy utilization in pigs were determined under optimal (experiment 1, 25?±?1 °C) or heat stress (experiment 2, 37?±?1 °C) conditions. In Exp. 1 and 2, five experimental diets were tested using a 5?×?5 Latin square design involving five barrows (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, average initial body weight of 30?±?1 kg and 45.0?±?1.8 kg, respectively, in individual metabolic cages). Dietary treatments were as follows: 200-, 300-, 400-, 600-, 800-μm corn particle sizes obtained by mesh screens. Under optimal thermal conditions, digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude fiber (CF) from 200-μm diet was higher (P?<?0.05) compared to that from the 300-μm and 400-μm diets. The digestibility of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was the highest (P?<?0.05) at the 200-μm particle size. The apparent total tract digestibility of energy was significantly higher (P?<?0.05) on the 200-μm diet. Under heat stress, digestibility of CF when corn was ground to 600 μm was higher (P?<?0.05) compared to 300 and 400 μm. Digestibility of NDF and ADF was the highest (P?<?0.05) at 600-μm corn particle size. In conclusion, grinding corn to 200-μm corn particles had a positive effect on DM, CP, EE, and CF under optimal thermal condition, while the 600-μm corn particle size had positive effects on digestibility of CF, NDF, and ADF than 200-μm corn particle size under heat stress. 相似文献
17.
Five hundred and twenty‐eight newly weaned pigs were given four treatments, with eight replicates per treatment. Sixteen to 18 pigs were assigned per replicate and were fed diets supplemented with 0 or 3% medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) and 0 or 40 ppm colistin sulfate (CS) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for 2 weeks. The results showed that dietary supplementation with MCT improved the gain‐to‐feed ratio during days 3‐7 and in the overall period ( P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MCT decreased coliforms counts (C) in colon and rectum content ( P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with CS decreased C and lactic acid bacteria plus C counts (L + C) in cecum ( P < 0.05), and C, L + C ( P < 0.01) and ratio of L and C ( P < 0.05) in colon and rectum contents. The lack of interactions between MCT and CS indicates different modes of action and additive effects between the two supplementations. In conclusion, supplementation with MCT in diet with or without CS could improve the intestinal microbial environment and the feed utilization efficiency of newly weaned pigs. 相似文献
18.
Forty-eight crossbred Landrace? ×?Large white pigs with an average body weight of 8.5?±?0.4 kg and aged 2 months were used to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed two diets in which bran from maize or wheat was used as the energy source. A third diet based on whole maize grain was used as a control. Animals in groups of four, balanced for litter, sex and weight were allotted to dietary treatments in a completely randomised design with four replications. Data were collected on feed intake and weight gain for a period of 4 months. A digestibility trial was carried at the end of the feeding trial using two male pigs per treatment while six pigs per treatment were randomly selected for slaughter to determine carcass characteristics. Daily gain averaged 0.23, 0.31 and 0.13 kg/day, for pigs fed maize bran, wheat bran and whole maize diets, respectively. Average feed intake and final body weight were significantly ( P?<?0.05) affected by diets. Digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre and calcium were higher ( P?<?0.05) for pigs fed maize bran while crude protein digestibility was highest ( P?<?0.05) for the pigs fed wheat bran. There were significant differences ( P?<?0.05) between the diets in carcass yield, ham, head, trotters and heart weights and also for rib weight, rib eye muscle and other tissues. This study indicates that comparable performance of growing pigs fed cereal bran and full-grain diets are real. 相似文献
19.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of 3 types of fermented Ginkgo-leaves (FGL) on layer performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, microbial populations, and egg-yolk fatty acids composition in laying hens. A total of 432 Lohmann Brown laying hens, 49 weeks of age, were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 6 replications of 18 birds each. Layers were fed basal diets (Control) or basal diets supplemented with 0.5% Ginkgo-leaves fermented with Candida utilis (CF group) , Aspergillus niger (AF group) , or their combined fermentation (CAF group), respectively, for an 8-week feeding trial. Compared with the control group, AF and CAF supplementation improved ( P<0.05) laying rate and feed conversion ratio. Birds fed FGL (CF, AF and CAF) supplemented diet had a decrease ( P<0.05) in cracked-egg rate, egg-yolk cholesterol, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of birds from CF and AF groups were increased ( P<0.05) compared with that of the control. The concentrations of C18:1 (n-9), C18:2 (n-6), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ratio of PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6: n-3 was increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) with FGL supplementation. While FGL supplementation led to a decrease in total saturated fatty acids ( P=0.01) concentrations. In addition, ileal and cecum Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria populations of birds fed FGL were increased ( P<0.05) compared with the control group, while ileal Escherichia coli, Salmonellas, and cecal Salmonellas were decreased in birds fed FGL. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FGL, especially AF and CAF, in layer diets may be a feasible means of producing eggs with lower cholesterol and higher PUFA contents for health conscious consumers. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT1. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of ajwain ( Trachyspermum ammi) and dill ( Anethum graveolens) essential oils (AEO and DEO, respectively), probiotic (PRO) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on the growth performance, serum metabolites, meat quality, intestinal morphology and microbial populations of Japanese quail.2. A total of 375 one-day-old Japanese quail were randomly allocated into five treatment groups with five replicates of 15 birds each for a 42 d feeding experiment. The dietary treatments were a basal diet (control) or the same diet supplemented with PRO (0.15 g/kg feed), MOS (2 g/kg feed), AEO (0.25 g/kg feed) or DEO (0.25 g/kg feed).3. AEO, MOS, and PRO supplementation increased weight gain, while diets supplemented with AEO decreased feed intake (FI), and improved feed conversion ratio from d 1 to 21 (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the gizzard was higher in birds supplemented with AEO compared to control group, while the birds fed MOS diet had the longest intestine (P < 0.05). Ceca length was greater in control, MOS and PRO groups (P < 0.05). Both essential oils decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of breast meat and percentage of cooking loss in quail (P < 0.05). The villus length (VL) was greater in birds fed diet supplemented with MOS, AEO, and DEO (P < 0.05).The population of E.coli decreased in Japanese quail fed MOS, while Lactobacilli spp. count was increased in the MOS group (P < 0.05).4. In conclusion, AEO, MOS, and PRO supplementation exhibited a positive effect on growth performance, while lipid peroxidation of the meat decreased in birds fed AEO and DEO diets. The intestinal morphometric indices increased in quail fed the AEO, MOS, and DEO diets. Supplementation with MOS modulated intestinal microbial populations of the Japanese quail. 相似文献
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