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Gary Wobeser G. Douglas Campbell André Dallaire Scott McBurney 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2009,50(12):1251-1256
Information related to infection of wild rodents or lagomorphs in Canada by Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, other Yersinia spp., and Clostridium piliforme was searched for this study. Reports on tularemia in humans linked to these species came from diagnostic databases, literature, wildlife health specialists, and public health agencies. Tularemia has been diagnosed in 8 species of wild rodent and 2 species in the genus Lepus in Canada. Tularemia occurred in wild animals, or in humans associated with these species, in all jurisdictions except the Yukon and Nunavut. Tularemia was diagnosed most frequently in beaver, muskrats, and snowshoe hares, and although tularemia is closely linked to cottontail rabbits in the USA, it has not been reported in cottontails in Canada. Tularemia in humans was associated with muskrats and hares more commonly than with beaver. Plague was diagnosed in bushy-tailed woodrats in British Columbia in 1988. Based on surveys, Y. pestis may occur enzootically in southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica has been diagnosed in beaver, muskrats, and snowshoe hares in many provinces. Tyzzer’s disease has been diagnosed in muskrats in British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec and in snowshoe hares in Ontario. Infection with these bacteria is likely much more frequent than indicated by diagnostic records. 相似文献
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ich is 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2003,(3)
in contrast with its insignificant effect on recognition of general information in both tests. As regards the effect of the very act of taking notes (the encoding function of note-taking), no significant effect has been found in any condition in either test. 相似文献
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Simpson Gregory Marcotty Tanguy Rouille Elodie Matekwe Nelson Letesson Jean-Jacques Godfroid Jacques 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(4):903-906
Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study shows the absence of the world’s most common bacterial zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in cattle, goats and dogs... 相似文献
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S.M. Simmerson P.J. Armstrong A. Wünschmann C.R. Jessen L.J. Crews R.J. Washabau 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):331-337
Background
A poorly understood protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) disorder has been reported in Yorkshire Terrier dogs.Objectives
To describe clinical features, intestinal histopathology, and outcome in Yorkshire Terrier dogs with PLE, and to identify variables predictive of outcome.Animals
Thirty client‐owned Yorkshire Terrier dogs with PLE.Methods
Retrospective study. Records of dogs with a diagnosis of PLE were reviewed. Intestinal histopathology was interpreted using the World Small Animal Veterinary Association gastrointestinal histopathology classification system. Discriminate analysis techniques were used to identify variables predictive of outcome.Results
Females outnumbered males (20/30). Median age was 7 years (range 1–12). Common clinical signs were diarrhea (20/30), vomiting (11), ascites and abdominal distension (11), and respiratory difficulty (8). Histopathologic abnormalities included villous lymphatic dilatation, crypt lesions, villous stunting, and variable increases in cellularity of the lamina propria. All dogs were treated with glucocorticoids. Of 23 dogs with long‐term follow‐up, 9 had complete, and 3 had partial, resolution of signs, and 11 failed to respond to treatment. Median survival of responders was 44 months and of nonresponders was 12 months, with 4 dogs experiencing peracute death. Vomiting, monocytosis, severity of hypoalbuminemia, low blood urea nitrogen concentration, and villous blunting were predictive of survival <4 months.Conclusions
In addition to classic GI signs, Yorkshire Terriers with PLE often show clinical signs associated with hypoalbuminemia and low oncotic pressure. Lymphatic dilatation, crypt lesions, and villous stunting are consistent histopathologic findings. Clinical outcomes are variable, but many dogs experience remission of clinical signs and prolonged survival. 相似文献6.
An investigation was conducted of mange in five Large White adult sows refractory to pyrethroid treatment (cypermethrin 15%). The most important clinical signs consisted of erythema, hyperkeratosis, alopecic macules, micaceous scaling, follicular pluging, and numerous comedones, especially on the facial region. Skin samples were scraped and punched. Elongate mites were found that were classified as Demodex sp., according to the morphological and histopathological characteristics. The protein, vitamin, and mineral levels contained in the rations were considered to be lower than those recommended to attend the requirements of fattening pigs. Adjustment of the rations was adopted, and the treatment of animals with ivermectin premix (450g/tonne of food) daily orally for a further 7 days was prescribed. The success of treatment was observed 15 days after adoption of these measures, when the beginning of remission of signs was observed. No mites were found on scrapings or biopsy punches after the treatment of the sows. 相似文献
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Factors influencing dairy technology adoption and impact on milk yield were studied in 240 smallholder farms in Dejen district, Ethiopia. The majority of the smallholders had more than 20 years of farming experience and were living at more than 10 km distance from market or trading centers (67% and 54% in that order). The dairy technologies studied included the use of crossbred animals, improved feed technologies and improved management practices. Application of acaricides, deworming, vaccination, heat-detection and haymaking had wide application (more than 80% adoption levels) while urea straw treatment, silage making, rotational grazing and fodder beet development were the least practiced ones. Only 20 percent of the cows were crossbred animals. It has been found that higher level of technology adoption is associated with better milk yield regardless of the breed of cattle (local or crossbred) owned by the farmers. Milk yields in local breeds increased by 0.07 times when the number of technologies increased by one unit. In crossbred cows, this rate of increase was five fold higher (0.38 times for one unit increase). Correlation coefficients between and within farm household characteristics and technologies adoption were, generally, significant. Male-headed households adopted significantly higher number of technologies than female-headed households (P?<?0.001). Technology adoption rates increased significantly with increased education level and family size and decreasing distance from market or trade centers (P?<?0.01). The level of technology adoption by smallholder farmers is still unsatisfactory and is highly dependent on gender, family size and level of education of smallholder farmers and location of farms. 相似文献
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A cross-sectional survey was performed to obtain current data on the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in breeding sows in Münsterland, Germany. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected by ELISA in 140 (9.3%) of the 1500 sows examined. Forty-two (56%) of the 75 surveyed farms harboured at least one seropositive animal. In 3 (5%) of 62 farms where at least 10 sows had been examined > or = 30% of the animals were seropositive. 相似文献
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Epidemiological data indicate that infection of cattle with chlamydiae such as Chlamydophila (C.) pecorum, C. abortus, C. psittaci and Chlamydia suis, is ubiquitous with mixed infections occurring frequently. The apparent lack of association between infection and clinical disease has resulted in debate as to the pathogenic significance of these organisms, and their tendency to sub-clinical and/or persistent infection presents a challenge to the study of their potential effects. However, recent evidence indicates that chlamydial infections have a substantial and quantifiable impact on livestock productivity with chronic, recurrent infections associated with pulmonary disease in calves and with infertility and sub-clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Data also suggest these infections manifest clinically when they coincide with a number of epidemiological risk factors. Future research should: (1) use relevant animal models to clarify the pathogenesis of bovine chlamydioses; (2) quantify the impact of chlamydial infection at a herd level and identify strategies for its control, including sub-unit vaccine development; and (3) evaluate the zoonotic risk of bovine chlamydial infections which will require the development of species-specific serodiagnostics. 相似文献
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In order to shed some light on the different opinions regarding the importance of Salmonella infections in dogs, we gathered some data from our laboratory database. Of the 6589 faecal samples from diarrhoeic dogs examined, 69 (1%) yielded Salmonella spp. Another eleven isolates were cultured from materials other than faeces. If Salmonella spp. can be cultured directly from faeces, this should be interpreted as clinically significant; however, even if the organism is found only after enrichment it may still be a clinical case. Antibiotic therapy is indicated in all dogs that are severely ill or have systemic infection, fluoroquinolones or trimethoprim/sulphonamides being drugs of choice. Double-blind placebo-controlled studies of humans with gastroenteritis have shown that the length of postconvalescent excretion of Salmonella is not affected by antimicrobials. For the elimination of the carrier state, however, fluoroquinolones are successful in human medicine. Salmonellae are zoonotic agents and transmission from dog to man has been reported. This should be taken into account when deciding on antimicrobial therapy. Of our isolates (n = 80), 96% were susceptible to enrofloxacin, 94% to trimethoprim/sulphonamides, 94% to gentamicin, 86% to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 47% to cephalexin and 63% to tetracycline. 相似文献
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Ahmad Ibrahim kudi Caleb Ayuba Anka Muktar Salihu Tekki Ishaya S. 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(3):659-662
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Cats are the most important hosts in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infections in humans and animals. Serologic and parasitological prevalence of T. gondii were determined in 237 cats from 15 counties in S?o Paulo state, Brazil. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in a 1:25 dilution of serum of 84 (35.4%) out of 237 cats by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Samples of brain, heart, tongue, and limb muscles (total 50 g) of 71 of the seropositive cats were pooled for each cat, digested in pepsin and bioassayed in mice. Faeces (1 g) from the rectum of each cat were examined microscopically for T. gondii-like oocysts and verified by bioassay in mice; T. gondii oocysts were found in the faeces of three (1.3%) of 237 cats. T. gondii was isolated from tissue homogenates of 47 cats. The DNA obtained from these 47 tissue isolates was characterized using the SAG2 locus: 34 (72.4%) isolates were type I, 12 (25.5%) were type III and one (2.1%) was mixed with types I and III. No type II isolates were detected. Most (23/34) of the type I isolates killed all infected mice and 7 of 12 type III isolates did not kill infected mice. Characterization of the SAG2 locus directly from tissue homogenates from 37 of 46 cats was successful. Genotypes obtained from these primary samples were the same as those from the corresponding isolates obtained in mice. Genotyping of the three oocyst isolates revealed that two were type I and one was type III. Molecular and biologic characteristics of T. gondii isolates from animals from Brazil are different from those from other parts of the world. 相似文献
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Cañón-Franco WA Bergamaschi DP Labruna MB Camargo LM Silva JC Pinter A Gennari SM 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(2):113-118
The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs in an urban area of the municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil, was evaluated using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Blood samples were taken from 157 dogs living in 85 of the 94 blocks of the city. A seropositivity of 76.4% (120/157) was found and associations between the prevalence and the variables sex, age, type of raising and food were studied. The prevalence tended to increase with age (p<0.05); dogs over 24 months old had 85.5% (100/117) positivity, compared with 50% (20/40) in dogs less than 24 months old, showing postnatal exposure to the agent. It was also observed that dogs with access to the streets showed greater prevalence (84.9%) than companion animals (58.8%). There was no association between sex or the type of food (home-made or commercial) and anti-T. gondii antibodies. 相似文献
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Over a period of 12 years, from 1988 to 2000, a total of 20 individual equines (16 horses and 4 mules) were selected at random, from 10 municipalities in the Paraíba Valley, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and then subjected to necropsy for collection of gastrointestinal worms. Individual samples of 10% of the intestinal contents were also taken for counting and identifying the species present, and to establish the prevalence of worms in equine species in the Paraíba Valley. In the sample considered, the presence of parasites ranged from 155 to 1249 worms. Tapeworms (Cestoidea) were present in about 85% of the animals studied, and roundworms (Nematoda) in 100% of the individuals. All the tapeworms collected were of one single species, Anoplocephala perfoliata. In the case of the roundworms, the prevalence of individual species was: 100% for Cyathostomineae, 90% for Oxyuris equi, 70% for Strongylus vulgaris, 45% for S. edentatus, 15% for Strongylus equinus, 60% for Triodontophorus sp., 50% for Gyalocephalus capitatus, 15% for Oesophagodontus robustus and Craterostomum acuticaudatum, and 5% each for Parascaris equorum, Probstimayria vivipara, Habronema muscae, and Trichostrongylus axei. No specimens of flukes (Trematoda) were found in any of the animals studied. 相似文献
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The present study was carried out in the northwestern region of S?o Paulo State, Brazil, to determine the anthelmintic resistance status in cattle naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The anthelmintics tested were levamisole phosphate (Ripercol, Fort Dodge), albendazole sulphoxide (Ricobendazole, Fort Dodge), ivermectin (Ivomec, Merial) and moxidectin (Cydectin, Fort Dodge), administered at the doses recommended by the manufacturers. From April 2002 to May 2004, 25 cattle farms were evaluated. On each farm, steers were divided into treatment and control (not treated) groups based on fecal egg counts (FEC). Between 7 and 10 days after the anthelmintics administration, fecal samples were collected from each animal for post-treatment FEC. Fecal cultures from each group were also prepared for larval identification. After treatment, mean FEC reduction (FECR) in treatment groups (compared with control groups) was assessed on each farm. FECR was lower than 90% on 23 farms after ivermectin treatment. On 19 farms, FECR of 100% was recorded following moxidectin treatment; on the remaining 6, FECR ranged from 90% to 97.2%. After albendazole treatment, FECR was higher than 90% on 20 farms and ranged from 47.4% to 84.6% on other 5. After levamisole treatment, FECR was higher than 90% on 23 farms and equal to 47.4% and 73.7% on other 2 farms. Results indicated the presence of resistant Cooperia spp. and Haemonchus spp., especially to ivermectin; on some farms, resistance to albendazole and levamisole was also observed. 相似文献
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1. The effects of changes in technical efficiency on the increase of broiler production are presented for the period 1994–2013 based on the panel data from seven farms located in southern and central Poland. A total of 766 cycles were analysed.
2. The Cobb–Douglas production function was used to assess the changes of output elasticities as well as technical changes in broiler production, for 5-year sub-periods separately.
3. Technical indices of broiler production significantly improved between years 1994–2013: feed conversion ratio decreased from 2.50 kg/kg to 1.78 kg/kg, mortality rate from 8.8% to 4.0% and daily weight gain increased from 37.1 g/d to 58.7 g/d, respectively.
4. Before accession to the EU, there was a substantial increase of fixed capital connected with modernisation of buildings and equipment. In the period 1994–2013, inputs of fixed capital per kilogram of livestock increased by 72% and at the same time the input of labour decreased by 56%.
5. Technical changes in years 1994–1998 contributed to a rapid production increase at a rate of 4.6% annually and only by up to 0.7% annually during 2009–2013. The slowdown of production rate increase after 2009 was partially caused by decreasing the stocking density. 相似文献
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Mehrabadi Mohammad Hosein Fallah Bahonar Alireza Mirzaei Kamran Molouki Aidin Ghalyanchilangeroudi Arash Ghafouri Seyed Ali Tehrani Farshad Lim Swee Hua Erin 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):677-682
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 subtype is endemic in Iran and causes substantial economic loss to the growing poultry industry within the country. In this... 相似文献