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灰茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(Ectropis grisescens Nucleopolyhedrovirus,Eg NPV)是灰茶尺蠖幼虫的重要病原微生物。为明确其对茶树重要害虫尺蠖类的两个近缘种灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens Warren和茶尺蠖E.obliqua Prout的致病性,进行了一系列的生物测定。结果表明,EgNPV对2龄灰茶尺蠖和茶尺蠖幼虫的剂量对数-死亡机率值回归方程和LC50分别为y=0.943x+0.3582,LC50=8.3×104PIB/mL;y=0.663x+1.614,LC50=1.3×105PIB/mL。当使用不同浓度EgNPV处理不同龄期灰茶尺蠖和茶尺蠖幼虫时发现,两种幼虫致死率趋势大致相同;在虫龄一致时,达到相同的致病率,灰茶尺蠖所需的时间比茶尺蠖平均短一天。使用2×106PIB/mL浓度处理不同代别灰茶尺蠖和茶尺蠖2龄幼虫,在第1、2和第6代,EgNPV对两种幼虫的致死率均大于80%。上述结果表明灰茶尺蠖核... 相似文献
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茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖幼虫及成虫的鉴别方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua和灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens是茶园主要害虫,两者为近缘种,外形十分相似,难以区分。为了便于茶叶技术人员识别这两种尺蠖,本研究通过饲养观察,比较了这两种尺蠖幼虫和成虫的形态差异,提出了一种鉴别方法,即通过幼虫第2腹节背面八字形黑色斑纹的形态及该节上2对小黑点的位置进行幼虫鉴别,通过前后翅上外横线的形态进行成虫鉴别。采用分子鉴定对该方法进行了验证,结果表明该方法判别准确,且易于掌握,能准确区分茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖。本研究结果对这两种尺蠖的正确识别和田间防治十分有益。 相似文献
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为筛选防治金银花尺蠖Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu幼虫的高效、低残留杀虫剂,采用浸虫法和浸叶法分别测定了13种杀虫剂对金银花尺蠖幼虫的触杀毒力和胃毒毒力,筛选出高活性药剂,并对筛选的药剂进行田间防效试验及检测其在金银花中的农药残留量。毒力测定结果表明,甲维盐对金银花尺蠖2龄和4龄幼虫的毒力最高,触杀毒力LCct50分别为0.291、0.391 mg/L,胃毒毒力LCst50分别为0.081、0.275 mg/L;多杀菌素、氟铃脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺药剂对金银花尺蠖幼虫也表现出较高的致毒作用。田间药效试验表明,有效成分用量2.25 g （a.i.）/hm2的甲维盐、有效成分用量11.25 g （a.i.）/hm2的多杀菌素对金银花尺蠖幼虫均有极好的防治效果,药后7 d防治效果分别为96.39%和93.13%,表明甲维盐和多杀菌素是防治金银花尺蠖幼虫的特效药剂。残留检测分析结果表明,有效成分用量6、12 g （a.i.）/hm2的甲维盐喷雾处理3 d后,金银花中农药残留量分别为0.0219、0.0725 mg/kg,7 d后分别为0.0070、0.0168 mg/kg。 相似文献
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为明确分离自茶卷叶蛾和中华大刀螳僵虫的2株虫生真菌的归属及生防潜力,采用形态学特征和rDNA-ITS序列分析其分类地位,测定了其对茶卷叶蛾和茶小卷叶蛾幼虫的致病力,并初步筛选了其最适培养条件.结果表明:2株真菌均为环链棒束孢Isaria cateniannulata,分别命名为ICBS918和ICTL911.在1.0×108孢子/mL浓度下,ICBS918和ICTL911对茶卷叶蛾幼虫的累计校正死亡率均达100%,LT50分别为3.13 d和3.15 d;对茶小卷叶蛾幼虫的累计校正死亡率分别为100%和95%,LT50分别为3.25 d和3.31 d.接菌后8 d,2菌株对茶卷叶蛾幼虫的LC50分别为0.47×105孢子/mL和1.01×105孢子/mL;对茶小卷叶蛾幼虫的LC50分别为2.20×105孢子/mL和1.34×105孢子/mL.2菌株23 ℃下最适生长培养基均为综合马铃薯培养基,最适产孢培养基均为蛋白胨马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基;在萨氏培养基上,菌株ICBS918和ICTL911分别在24~30 ℃及24 ℃时生长速度最快,在27 ℃和21 ℃时产孢量最大.表明2株环链棒束孢对茶卷叶蛾和茶小卷叶蛾幼虫均具有较好的生防潜力,可作为生防菌进行开发和应用. 相似文献
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为鉴定灰茶尺蠖为害诱导茶树释放的互利素,遂以SDE法提取灰茶尺蠖为害茶梢和正常茶梢挥发物,经GC-MS检测,分别鉴定出31和25种组分,二者总含量相对于等剂量内标的含量分别是1863.8%和1124.6%。与正常茶梢相比,灰茶尺蠖为害茶梢挥发物中苯甲醛、反-2-癸烯醛、吲哚、水杨酸、反-2-己烯醛和己醛含量显著增加。将灰茶尺蠖为害茶梢挥发物的18种主要组分分别溶于液体石蜡制成10-4g/mL味源,以Y形嗅觉仪检测茶尺蠖绒茧峰对味源的趋性;与液体石蜡相比,苯甲醛、水杨酸、反-2-己烯醛和己醛诱效显著,反-2癸烯醛、4-庚烯醛和吲哚的诱效明显,其他11组分无明显诱效。再将前7种组分配成10-2g/mL引诱剂,分别载于橡皮头制成诱芯,附于芽绿粘板上,在茶园茶尺蠖绒茧蜂盛发期实施诱捕,携带前4种诱芯的芽绿粘板诱捕的蜂数明显多于后3种、且显著多于无诱芯的芽绿粘板,而且携带10-2g/mL苯甲醛、水杨酸和反-2-己烯醛等量混合物诱芯的诱效最强。认为苯甲醛、水杨酸、反-2-己烯醛和己醛是灰茶尺蠖取食诱导的茶树互利素。 相似文献
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茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文报道茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(EoNPV)基本特性及应用价值研究结果。EoNPV属昆虫杆状病毒属A亚组,单粒包埋型。其病毒粒子平均大小62×220nm,具有特异的肽谱、DNA内切酶谱和血清学反应特性。在动物机体及离体细胞中均未显示对非宿主昆虫和人畜的致病能力和遗传诱变效应 室内毒力测定及田间防治试验结果显示EoNPV对其宿主昆虫茶尺蠖有较强的毒力和较好的防效。茶尺蠖人工饲养及EoNPV人工增殖技术的建立,及具有光保护作用的EoNPV杀虫剂剂型的成功筛选,为EoNPV实际应用的可行性提供了依据。EoNPV作为茶尺蠖的生物控制剂,应用于茶园是有效、安全和可行的。 相似文献
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松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura可寄生多种农林害虫的卵,是最重要的寄生性天敌昆虫种类之一。为评估其对灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens Warren卵的寄生潜能和效果,本文首先研究了松毛虫赤眼蜂对不同密度灰茶尺蠖卵的功能反应以及自身密度的干扰效应,继而测定了松毛虫赤眼蜂在室内网笼和田间条件下对灰茶尺蠖卵的寄生效率。研究结果表明：松毛虫赤眼蜂对灰茶尺蠖卵的寄生功能反应符合Holling II型模型,瞬时攻击率为1.3179,寄生1粒灰茶尺蠖卵所需的时间为0.0352 h,寄生上限为28.43粒/雌。松毛虫赤眼蜂在寄生灰茶尺蠖卵的过程中存在着自身密度的干扰效应,即其对灰茶尺蠖卵的寄生率随赤眼蜂密度的增加而升高,但赤眼蜂的发现域相应减小。在室内网笼中,松毛虫赤眼蜂对灰茶尺蠖卵的寄生率为25.94%;在茶园中,松毛虫赤眼蜂对灰茶尺蠖卵的寄生率为37.00%。综上,松毛虫赤眼蜂对灰茶尺蠖卵具有较好的寄生潜能,这一结果为田间利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治灰茶尺蠖提供了可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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The sex pheromone of Ectropis grisescens, one of the primary defoliator insects of tea plantations, has been identified, but its trapping parameters have not been optimized for field application. In this study, we investigated the effects of pheromone dose, trap height and trap type on the effectiveness of trapping E. grisescens in the field. Our results show that the optimal pheromone dose is 800 μg. The bucket-funnel trap hung 40 cm below the tea canopy had the highest trapping efficiency. This study establishes optimized parameters for the pheromone trapping of E. grisescens in tea plantations. 相似文献
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高毒力金龟子绿僵菌的筛选及其胞外蛋白酶产量测定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以大蜡螟Galleria mellonella L.幼虫为供试昆虫,对从果园土壤中筛选出的金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae的生物活性进行了测定,共获得4株高毒力菌株,其LT50值在1.85～2.56 d之间,LD50值在6.11×102～1.55×104 spores之间。利用明胶-琼脂平板分析法对筛选出的高毒力绿僵菌菌株产胞外蛋白酶的水平进行了测定,结果显示,各菌株间产酶水平差异较大,且菌株产酶水平的高低与其对大蜡螟幼虫的毒力之间存在明显的线性相关性。 相似文献
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The virulence structure of theMagnaporthe grisea rice population from the northwestern Himalayan region of India was deciphered on 24 rice genotypes harboring different blast
resistance genes. Matching virulences appropriate to all the rice genotypes, except Fukunishiki (Pi-z, Pi-sh) and Zenith (Pi-z, Pi-a, Pi-i), were present in the pathogen population. Moreover, a very low percentage of isolates were virulent on Tetep (Pi-ta, Pi-k
h, Pi-4b) and Tadukan (Pi-ta/Pi-ta
2). Although virulence was recorded on most of the lines tested, none was susceptible to all of the isolates. Three pairs of
genotypes, namely, C101LAC:C101A51; K-1: Dular; and Dular: HPU-741, exhibited complementary resistance spectra as no isolate
combined virulence to both the members of each of the three pairs of genotypes despite the fact that individual members were
susceptible to a major portion of the pathogen population. The blast resistance genesPi-z, Pi-k
h, Pi-l andPi-2 and their various combinations were construed to provide broad spectrum and durable blast resistance in Himachal Pradesh.
Pathotype analysis revealed the existence of extremely high pathotypic diversity in the pathogen population. Based on the
observed population structure forM. grisea, it was not possible to designate a minimum set of pathogen isolates that could be used in blast resistance screens to identify
effective sources of blast resistance. The overall results suggested that the pathotype analysis alone is insufficient to
describe the existing pathogenic variability, especially when this information has to be used for guiding the breeding programs
aimed at developing durable blast resistance. However, population genetics approach of studying pathogenic specialization
by monitoring the frequency of individual virulence genes and analyzing virulence gene combinations for their association
or dissociation might generate useful information for developing durable blast resistance.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006. 相似文献
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为筛选有效防治草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的微生物制剂,采用室内生物测定法测定从北京市、浙江省和海南省土壤样品中分离获得的3株球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana菌株bbbj、bbzj和bbhn对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力,并比较这3株菌株的产孢情况和合成白僵菌素的能力。结果显示,分离自北京市的菌株bbbj对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力最强,LC50为3.37×105个孢子/mL;其次为浙江省的菌株bbzj,毒力略逊于菌株bbbj;海南省的菌株bbhn毒力最弱,其在试验最高浓度108个孢子/mL处理7 d后对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的致死率低于50%。菌株bbbj的产孢量远高于另外2株菌株,并且其菌丝结构上着生大量芽生孢子簇,而且菌株bbbj菌体中的白僵菌素含量最高,培养5 d后,分别为菌株bbzj和bbhn的40.08倍和65.85倍。虽然补充白僵菌素可以提高菌株bbhn的毒力,但是草地贪夜蛾幼虫对白僵菌素敏感度不高。表明球孢白僵菌菌株bbbj对草地贪夜蛾幼虫有较高的毒杀活性,具有作为草地贪夜蛾生防菌株的潜力。 相似文献
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为明确埃及吹绵蚧Icerya aegyptiaca昆虫病原真菌在生物防治中的应用潜力,采用生物测定法筛选得到产孢量高和致病力强的优势分离株,根据形态学特征和rDNA ITS序列分析对优势分离株进行鉴定,并对其室内毒力和温室防效进行测定。结果显示,筛选得到的优势分离株为IJID003,产孢量最高,可达8.51×10~6个/mL,且致病力最强,处理埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫5 d后,其校正死亡率为95.40%;根据形态学特征和r DNA ITS序列分析鉴定结果,确定该分离株为爪哇棒束孢Isaria javan‐ica。随着分离株IJID003接种浓度的增加,埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫的校正死亡率也随之增加,致死中时间LT50则递减;在分生孢子浓度为1.00×10~8个/mL时,其对2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫的LT50最小,分别为1.89、2.29、2.31 d;随着接种后天数的延长,致死中浓度LC50减小,在接种后6 d,其对2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫的LC50最小,分别为1.25×10~3、2.04×10~4、8.37×10~5个/mL,表明分离株IJID003对埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫的毒力较其它2种虫态高;啶虫·毒死蜱2 000倍液对埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫的前期致死速率较快,而分离株IJID003在后期侵染速率较快,处理后6 d两者的防效无显著差异,效果相当。表明爪哇棒束孢分离株IJID003具有产孢量高且致病力强的特点,在埃及吹绵蚧生物防治中具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Yi Ren Xue-Qin Wei Shuang Wu Wei Dou Jin-Jun Wang 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2008,90(3):196-202
The toxicological and biochemical characteristics of acetylcholinesterases (AChE) in Liposcelis paeta Pearman were investigated in three field populations collected from Nanyang city of Henan Province (NY), Wuzhou (WZ) and Hezhou (HZ) Cities of Guangxi Province, China. The result of bioassay showed that the LC50s of the NY (281.4802 mg/m2) and the WZ (285.0655 mg/m2) to dichlorvos were 1.156-fold and 1.171-fold higher than that of the HZ (243.5197 mg/m2), respectively. Compared to NY population, the activity per insect and the specific activity of AChE in WZ and HZ populations were significantly higher, and significant kinetic differences among the three populations were also observed. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) for acetylthiocholine iodide (ATChI) was obviously lower in NY than that in WZ and HZ populations, indicating a higher affinity to the substrate ATChI in the NY population. The affinity to the substrate ATChI between WZ and HZ population was also significantly different. As for Vmax, the values of WZ and HZ populations were significantly greater when compared to that for NY population, suggesting a possible over expression of AChE in the former two populations. The inhibition studies of AChE indicated that paraoxon-ethyl, demeton-S-methyl, carbaryl, and eserine all possessed some inhibitory effects on AChE in L. paeta. The results of I50S suggested that when compared to the other two populations, while AChE from HZ population was less sensitive to paraoxon-ethyl and demeton-S-methyl. The contradiction with the result of the bioassay might be due to the different insecticides used in the bioassay. Although both carbaryl and eserine had excellent inhibitory effects, there was no significant difference among the three populations. The statistical analysis of the bimolecular rate constants (ki) was consistent with the above situation that carbamates expressed remarkable inhibitory effects. It was noticeable that NY population was most sensitive to carbaryl while least to eserine. The differences in AChE among three populations may attribute to the difference in control practices for psocids between Henan and Guangxi Provinces. 相似文献
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R. W. Van Den Bulk H. J. M. Löffler J. J. M. Dons 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(2):107-117
A phytotoxic fraction of high molecular weight was isolated from the culture filtrate ofClavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato, and partly purified. This high molecular weight fraction consists of sugars and a minor protein moiety and is therefore probably of similar nature to that of the toxin fromC. michiganensis subsp.michiganensis reported earlier in literature.The high molecular weight fraction was albe to induce wilting, the predominant symptom of the disease, as shown in a bioassay with tomato cuttings. However, this wilting reaction turned out to be non-specific in the bioassay, since (partially) resistant and susceptible genotypes responded similarly. No correlation could be found between the degree of virulence of fiveC. michiganensis subsp.michiganensis strains and the amount of the phytotoxic high molecular weight fraction produced in vitro.As the isolated high molecular weight fraction showed a phytotoxic effect on tomato plants it is worthwhile to test its potential for use as a selective agent in in vitro selection.Samenvatting Een fytotoxische fractie werd geïsoleerd uit cultuurfiltraat vanClavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis, de veroorzaker van de bacterieverwelkingsziekte bij tomaat. Een eerste karakterisering toonde aan dat deze toxische fractie hoog-moleculaire component(en) bevat, bestaande uit polysacchariden en een gering percentage eiwit. Dit is in overeenstemming met toxines vanC. michiganensis subsp.michiganensis die al eerder beschreven zijn.Deze hoogmoleculaire toxische fractie was in staat verwelking te induceren van stengeltoppen van verschillendeLycopersicon esculentum enL. peruvianum genotypen in een bioassay. Gewichtsverandering van de stengeltoppen, uitgedrukt als percentage ten opzichte van het begingewicht, werd gebruikt als parameter voor verwelking. De toxische fractie reageerde niet-specifiek in de bioassay, want er werd geen verschil gevonden in respons van (partieel) resistente en gevoelige genotypen. Er bleek geen correlatie te zijn tussen de mate van virulentie van verschillende isolaten vanC. michiganensis subsp.michiganensis en de hoeveelheid van de toxische fractie geproduceerd in vitro.Het mogelijke gebruik van deze hoogmoleculaire toxische fractie als selectief agens bij in vitro selectie zal nader onderzocht worden. 相似文献