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1.
以trn H-psb A序列作为DNA条形码,对从国外截获的9种苍耳属杂草及1种国内苍耳进行物种鉴定研究。采用DNeasy Plant Mini Kit试剂盒进行总DNA的提取,应用通用引物对其trn H-psb A基因进行PCR扩增,测序得到10种苍耳属杂草的trn H-psb A序列,并利用MEGA 7.0软件进行比对分析构建系统进化树。结果显示:苍耳属杂草trn H-psb A基因序列共有543个位点,其中有53个变异位点,31个变异信息位点,22个单突变位点,30个碱基缺失;种间遗传距离为0~0.093,种内无遗传差异;进化树显示10个苍耳物种均处于独立分支,能够利用该条形码对苍耳属杂草进行区分鉴定。 相似文献
2.
使用ITS、ITS2、psbA-trnH、rbcL和matK等序列对截获的10种苍耳属(Xanthium)杂草进行扩增测序,比较各序列的扩增和测序效率,采用最近距离法和相似性搜索算法评价不同序列的鉴定效率。采用最佳鉴定序列计算种间K2P距离并构建系统进化树。结果表明,ITS、psbA-trnH2个序列的扩增效率和鉴定效率最高;ITS序列的种间变异最大,其次是psbA-trnH序列,matK序列的种间变异最小;ITS序列的NeighborJoining(NJ)树可明显地将不同苍耳属杂草种分开;psbA-trnH序列可明显地将国内苍耳种和检疫性苍耳种分开。说明利用DNA条形码能够准确地鉴别苍耳属杂草,ITS和psbA-trnH序列是鉴别苍耳属杂草较理想的条形码组合。该研究结果为苍耳属杂草的分子鉴别提供了科学依据与新的思路。 相似文献
3.
matK序列作为DNA条形码在苍耳属中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以matK序列作为DNA条形码,对从国外截获的7种苍耳属植物进行物种区分鉴定研究,采用DNeasyOPlantMiniKit试剂盒进行总DNA的提取,应用通用引物对其matK基因进行扩增,测序得到7种苍耳属植物的marK序列,利用MEGA5．1软件对这7种苍耳属植物的matK序列进行比对和分析并构建系统树,结果显示：matK序列能从基因位点层面对苍耳属植物进行区分鉴定。 相似文献
4.
紫茎泽兰CYP75基因cDNA片段的克隆与鉴定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据菊科植物P450基因CYP75 B5(GenEMBL AF313489)和C YP75 B6(GenEMBL AF313488)核酸序列同源区设计引物,用RT-PCR方法从紫茎泽兰植株中获得一大小为378bp的细胞色素P450基因片段。经克隆、测序及氨基酸序列同源性比较,发现由该片段推导出的氨基酸序列与C YP75 B5和C YP75 B6的氨基酸序列分别具有79.5%和85.6%的同源性,与C YP76 B1、C YP81 B1 v1、C YP81 E1 v2同源性分别为40.8%、35.2%、35.0%,与C YP73 A家族的同源性在28.9%～31.4%;所绘制的系谱树与同源性分析结果一致。因此,初步确定该序列为C YP75家族中某一成员的结构基因片段。 相似文献
5.
为筛选水稻害虫稻秆潜蝇Chlorops oryzae潜在的解毒代谢酶基因，利用PacBio Sequel Ⅱ测序平台对稻秆潜蝇幼虫进行全长转录组测序，基于测序结果筛选稻秆潜蝇的解毒代谢相关基因谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（glutathione S-transferase，GST）基因、羧酸酯酶（carboxylesterase，CarE）基因和细胞色素P450（cytochrome P450，CYP450）基因，并检测其在稻秆潜蝇不同发育阶段的相对表达量。结果表明，对稻秆潜蝇进行测序得到18 100条去冗余转录本序列，共有16 283条序列得到注释。通过比对分析共筛选出8条GST、12条CarE和28条CYP450基因序列，这些基因在稻秆潜蝇不同发育阶段的表达量具有显著差异，表明不同虫态的稻秆潜蝇其解毒代谢能力可能不同。此外，还筛选到1 452个lncRNA序列，以及176个潜在的lncRNA靶基因序列，其中4个与解毒代谢基因相关。表明筛选获得的稻秆潜蝇解毒代谢酶基因及lncRNA靶基因可用于后续该虫的潜在抗药性研究及防治药剂筛选。 相似文献
6.
7.
为明确沃尔巴克氏体Wolbachia对果蝇神经行为影响的分子机制,采取转录组测序技术对感染沃尔巴克氏体和未感染的黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster头部样本进行转录组测序、组装、注释,筛选感染沃尔巴克氏体wMel和未感染黑腹果蝇头部转录组间的差异表达基因,并选择差异表达基因中差异倍数较大或与神经行为相关的基因进行qPCR验证。结果表明,感染沃尔巴克氏体wMel和未感染黑腹果蝇头部差异表达基因有679个（差异倍数≥2,P<0.05）,其中,由于感染沃尔巴克氏体wMel而上调表达的基因有566个,下调表达的基因有113个。GO功能注释分析显示,差异表达基因与代谢过程、催化和结合功能相关。KEGG通路注释分析发现,差异表达基因主要富集在蛋白消化与吸收、内分泌、神经活性配体-受体互作以及激素合成等通路中。从差异表达基因中筛选出11个基因进行qPCR验证,有9个基因的表达趋势与RNA测序结果一致。表明沃尔巴克氏体可广泛影响果蝇头部基因的表达水平,暗示可能由此影响宿主的神经行为。 相似文献
8.
为了解稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis气味降解机制,利用稻纵卷叶螟基因组和触角转录组鉴定羧酸酯酶（carboxylesterase,CXE）基因,同时采用同源比对和系统发育进化树对其进行分类,进一步克隆获得稻纵卷叶螟CXE66的全长序列,并采用实时荧光定量PCR分析该基因在各组织中的表达情况。结果显示,共鉴定出触角特异性表达的45个CXE基因,其中新发现29个CXE,分属于CXE八个亚族。触角组织中高表达的CXE66基因开放阅读框长1 605 bp,编码534个氨基酸,且具有典型CXE结构特征,其在稻纵卷叶螟触角、头、胸、腹、足和翅中均有表达,且在触角中表达量最高。表明45个CXE基因可能参与稻纵卷叶螟的气味降解和性信息素降解、有毒物质代谢、蜕皮发育和神经发育等生理生化过程,其中CXE66可能参与酯类植物挥发物的降解。 相似文献
9.
为明确褐色橘蚜Toxoptera citricida RR-2型表皮蛋白基因的数量、表达特性及其在发育中的潜在功能,运用转录组数据和生物信息学软件对其进行鉴定和分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定其在褐色橘蚜不同发育阶段、有翅/无翅成蚜及不同组织中的表达量,并利用RNAi方法探索其在褐色橘蚜生长发育过程中的潜在功能。结果显示,共筛选鉴定出45个CPR（cuticular protein with R&R Consensus）家族基因,其中33个有完整的开放阅读框,具RR-2型CPR家族特有的签名序列及与几丁质结合必需的酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸残基,推测这些序列编码的RR-2型CPR具有几丁质结合活性。系统发育分析表明大部分褐色橘蚜RR-2型CPR同源性较高。TcCPR10、TcCPR14、TcCPR28和TcCPR68基因在褐色橘蚜若虫蜕皮后表达量较高;TcCPR7、TcCPR10、TcCPR28和TcCPR57基因主要在褐色橘蚜胸腹部表达,在相同组织中TcCPR10和TcCPR68基因在有翅蚜中的表达量显著低于在无翅蚜中的表达量。TcCPR7和TcCPR68基因可被有效沉默,其表达量分别下调26.62%和66.34%,但仅TcCPR68基因的沉默可导致褐色橘蚜大量死亡,存活率仅为36.45%,极显著低于对照组。表明褐色橘蚜RR-2型CPR家族基因的表达具有较强的时空特异性,可能在不同虫态、不同组织中发挥着不同功能;TcCPR68基因可能在褐色橘蚜发育过程中起重要作用。 相似文献
10.
基于DNA条形码技术对镰刀菌属的检测鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为筛选合适的基因序列对镰刀菌属Fusarium真菌进行检测鉴定,以从不同寄主分离获得的11种57株镰刀菌为材料,选择nr DNA-ITS、EF-1α、mt SSU和β-tubulin作为候选基因,将序列获得的难易程度和种内与种间遗传距离频率分布作为评价指标,对测序获得的有效序列进行研究,筛选出该属的DNA条形码。结果表明:EF-1α基因具有较高的PCR扩增与测序成功率,为98.2%,较mt SSU和β-tubulin基因更容易获得序列片段;且种内与种间遗传距离重叠部分较少,除木贼镰刀菌F.equiseti种内遗传距离为0.029,大于黄色镰刀菌F.culmorum和禾谷镰刀菌F.graminearum种间遗传距离0.021外,种间差异明显大于种内差异,优于其它基因,能更好地区分镰刀菌;利用EF-1α基因序列构建的系统发育树显示,相同种聚集在同一分支,不同种划分在不同分支,鉴别能力较好;EF-1α基因不能扩增出其它6株非镰刀菌属的主要植物病原真菌,而对镰刀菌的PCR扩增效果很好,电泳检测结果条带单一、明亮。表明EF-1α基因可作为镰刀菌属鉴定的DNA条形码。 相似文献
11.
S.V. Tsygankova A.N. Ignatov E.S. Boulygina B.B. Kuznetsov E.V. Korotkov 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(8):845-853
Novel primers for rep-PCR were developed with the original software and based on `ancient diverged periodical sequences'. Rep-PCR with these primers was applied to study genetic relationships among 51 Xanthomonas campestris strains. The strains were collected from different countries including Russia, Japan, UK, Germany and Hungary. Reference strains of three X. campestrispathovars and five other Xanthomonas species were included. Based on qualitative differences in amplification profiles, the strains were divided into four major groups. Two subgroups recognised within X. campestrispopulation were similar to RFLP haplotypes. The third subgroup included strains of two other pathovariants and Japanese isolates of X. campestris pv. campestriswhile the fourth group comprised the other species of Xanthomonas. The analysis of the diversity within X. campestris resulted in the conclusion that isolates belong to distinct clonal populations (subgroups). The differences between the subgroups of X. campestris were only slightly smaller than between species of Xanthomonas. A PCR fragment about 600 bp amplified by primer KRPN2 was found in nearly all tested strains of X. campestris.SCAR primers designed for this marker produced a single specific band for strains of X. campestris, but not for other Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas and Erwiniastrains tested. Application of the new primer set for rep-PCR offers a rapid, simple and reproducible method for identification of bacterial strains. The X. campestris-specific SCAR primers may be used in diagnostics of this important plant pathogen. 相似文献
12.
Judith Hübschen Lilo Kling Ulrike Ipach Volker Zinkernagel Nathalie Bosselut Daniel Esmenjaud Derek J.F. Brown Roy Neilson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(8):779-788
Xiphinema diversicaudatum and X. index are vector nematode species of economic importance in viticulture regions as they can transmit Arabis Mosaic, Grapevine Fanleaf and Strawberry Latent Ringspot viruses to grapevine. Wang et al. (2003) designed species-specific diagnostic primers from ribosomal genes for both these vector species as well as a vector and a non-vector species X. italiae and X. vuittenezi, respectively. Our study aimed to confirm the specificity and determine the sensitivity and reliability of the primers for the two vector species, X. diversicaudatumand X. indexwhen challenged with closely related longidorid species and general nematode communities typical of vineyard soil. With one exception, no PCR product was observed when the primers were tested against six Longidorus, one Paralongidorus and one Xiphinema non-target species. Occasionally (three out of eight replicate PCR reactions) a weak PCR product was noted when primers for X. index were tested with L. elongatus. Furthermore, when challenged with a range of non-target nematode species comprising the nematode community typical of viticulture soil, no PCR product was amplified. An experimental dilution series of extracted DNA rigorously demonstrated that DNA from an equivalent single specimen of the target virus-vector species, X. diversicaudatum and/or X. index, could be detected amongst 1000 equivalent non-targetX. vuittenezi. Also, extracted DNA from an equivalent single target specimen was detected when added to DNA extracted from the overall soil nematode community. The primers were assessed further by using serial mixtures of actual nematodes rather than extracted DNA to simulate field soil. Using this method, a single target nematode could be detected amongst 200 non-target specimens. Given their specificity, sensitivity and reliability, it appears that these diagnostic primers will be of great benefit to phytosanitary/quarantine services related to the viticulture industry. 相似文献
13.
C. Zijlstra 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(3):283-290
This study describes the development of species-specific pairs of PCR primers for the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax and M. hapla that amplify species-specific RAPD fragments. After sequencing the fragments, longer primers were designed to complement the terminal sequences of the polymorphic DNA fragments. The resulting pairs of primers were used to generate the sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs). Using the developed pairs of SCAR primers, SCAR fragments of M. chitwoodi, M. fallax or M. hapla were easily amplified from DNA extracts from juveniles, egg masses, females of the particular nematode species investigated, either present alone, in a mixture with other nematode species or in infested plant material. A specially designed multiplex assay using three pairs of SCAR primers enabled the identification of multiple species in a mixture in a single PCR step. Single juveniles were easily identified by applying this multiplex assay followed by a subsequent multiplex PCR using three pairs of nested primers. The SCAR-PCR-based assays described have potential to be optimized for routine practical diagnostic tests. The usefulness of converting RAPD markers into SCAR markers is discussed. 相似文献
14.
Stefania Loreti Angela Gallelli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(3):237-244
Specific oligonucleotides, based on hrpW (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) gene sequences encoding harpin protein in phytopathogenic bacteria, were designed to detect and identify virulent strains of Pseudomonas avellanae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A population of virulent P. avellanae strains, isolated in central Italy (Viterbo region), was assessed with hrpW-derived primers, producing a specific band of about 350 base pairs in length. This target was successfully amplified from purified genomic DNA, from bacterial culture and from hazelnut bark tissue. No amplification was obtained when the PCR assay was performed on other plant-pathogenic species from the following genera Agrobacterium, Erwinia, Brenneria, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Xanthomonas or from hazelnut-associated bacteria, indicating the specificity of these primers. Moreover DNA from strain ISPaVe-MCB-596, isolated from north Italy (Piedmont region) and belonging to the less aggressive population of P. avellanae, did not amplify in PCR. The PCR assay with the primers described here provides a rapid, specific and sensitive diagnostic method for virulent P. avellanae strains and a useful tool to evaluate the progress of sanitation of the area. 相似文献
15.
Saïd Amiri Sergei A. Subbotin Maurice Moens 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(6):497-506
PCR-RFLPs of ITS-rDNA and PCR with species-specific primers were developed for identification of cysts and juveniles of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Restrictions of PCR product by MvaI or ScrFI distinguish H. schachtii, H. betae, H. trifolii and H. medicaginis. RFLP profiles with eight restriction enzymes for these four nematode species are presented. Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences of populations from several Schachtii group species, a specific primer for H. schachtii was designed, permitting amplification of the target sequence from juveniles and cysts of the beet cyst nematode. A duplex PCR protocol tested with a wide range of nematode samples is described. 相似文献
16.
河南省小麦田杂草组成及群落特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为明确河南省小麦田杂草的种类组成和群落特征,采用倒置"W"9点取样法对河南省36个区县的小麦田杂草进行了调查。结果表明,小麦田杂草有77种,隶属于20科65属,其中以禾本科、菊科、十字花科为主;优势杂草有10种,分别为播娘蒿、野燕麦、荠菜、猪殃殃、婆婆纳、麦家公、麦瓶草、节节麦、雀麦、硬草;常见杂草有28种,一般性杂草有39种。从杂草区域分布来看,伏牛山区小麦田杂草群落的物种丰富度、多样性最高,杂草有49种,Shannon-Wiener指数最高,为2.94;豫南平原区Pielou指数最小,为0.75,Simpson指数最高,为0.098,优势杂草突出。聚类分析结果表明,河南省小麦田的杂草群落可以划分为3组,第1组为豫北平原区、豫南平原区和伏牛山区的杂草群落,第2组为南阳盆地区和桐柏大别山区的杂草群落,第3组为太行山区的杂草群落。 相似文献
17.
Y. Kleifeld T. Blumenfeld G. Herzlinger S. Graph H. Buxbaum A. Bargutti 《Phytoparasitica》1988,16(2):133-144
The herbicide fomesafen was found to be selective in preplanting and pre-emergence treatments in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). It was effective due to residual soil activity in controlling some of the most troublesome weeds in cotton fields,i.e., pigweed (Amaranthus spp.), black nightshade (Solarium nigrum L.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) and cocklebur (Xanthium spp.). The best soil activity of fomesafen was achieved from pre-emergence or preplanting applications which were activated
when the soil was wetted by rain or sprinkler irrigation, but the herbicide caused damage to the crop’s foliage if rain fell
just after the cotton emergence.
The most effective and safest method for applying fomesafen in cotton fields was preplanting followed by mechanical incorporation
to a depth of 10 cm. Combinations of fomesafen with trifluralin were effective and completed the spectrum of controlled weeds
in cotton, including annual grasses, common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.). 相似文献
18.
Renaud Ioos Pascal Frey 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(4):373-378
Brown rot and twig canker of fruit trees are caused by Monilinia laxa, M. fructigena and M. fructicola. The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) between the 18S and the 28S rRNA genes of four M. laxa and four M. fructigena isolates collected in France was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using universal primers and sequenced. Multiple alignment of the ITS sequences and comparison with published sequences revealed very little intraspecific variation and a low interspecific polymorphism clustered in two regions. Species-specific PCR primers were designed to amplify a 356bp fragment for each of the three species. The specificity of the three primer pairs was successfully tested with a collection of 17 M. laxa, 18 M. fructigena and 6 M. fructicola isolates collected from different hosts and different countries, unequivocally confirming the identification of each isolate based on morphological and cultural traits. Using stringent PCR conditions, no cross-reaction was observed with any of the isolates tested. The specificity of the PCR assays was also successfully confirmed with DNA extracted from different fungal species, either phylogenetically close to the genus Monilinia or commonly found on diseased fruits. Using this new reliable technique, doubtful isolates can be directly identified in a single PCR run. Moreover, detection and identification of the Monilinia species were successfully achieved directly on diseased fruits. This simple and rapid method can be particularly useful to detect M. fructicola which is a listed quarantine fungus in all European countries. 相似文献
19.
Orobanche cumana is an obligate root parasite of sunflower. It represents a major agricultural problem in many countries of southern and eastern Europe. Information on O. cumana population genetics, structure and dynamics is scarce, particularly due to the lack of suitable molecular markers for such studies. The objective of this study was to identify and characterise simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for O. cumana. Four thousand two hundred SSR‐containing candidate sequences were obtained from O. cumana using next‐generation sequencing, from which 298 SSR primer pairs were designed and 217 of them used for validation. Seventy nine SSR primers produced reproducible, high quality amplicons of the expected size that were polymorphic among 18 O. cumana populations from different geographical locations and hosts (sunflower, wild hosts from the Compositae family). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10, with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.37. The O. cumana SSR markers were highly transferable to the closely related species Orobanche cernua. SSR markers showed high resolving power; UPGMA cluster analysis allowed proper classification of Orobanche spp. samples into species (O. cumana and O. cernua), geographical origin and host. The functional SSR markers reported in this study constitute a valuable tool for genetic analyses in O. cumana and related species and will contribute insights into the biology and genetics of this parasitic weed. 相似文献
20.
Vittoria Catara Dawn Arnold Gabriella Cirvilleri Alan Vivian 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(8):753-762
Unique DNA bands from strains representative of two groups of Pseudomonas corrugata, as shown by amplification of their genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction using short random sequence oligonucleotide primers (RAPD-PCR), were isolated, cloned and sequenced. Two pairs of specific primer sequences, based on the ends of the cloned unique DNA bands from strains IPVCT10.3 and IPVCT8.1, were used in multiplex PCR with a range of P. corrugata strains. All strains produced one of the two specific bands, 1100bp (from the IPVCT10.3-based primers) and 600bp (from the IPVCT8.1-based primers), representing groups designated I and II, respectively. The primers were also tested on a wider range of Pseudomonas species, including the closely-related fluorescent Pseudomonas genomospecies FP1, FP2 and FP3: none of these bacteria produced any bands following amplification by PCR with these primers. The primer sets detected P. corrugata in tomato pith necrosis-infected plants providing a useful tool for rapid identification and epidemiological studies. 相似文献