首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 490 毫秒
1.
We report the results of two methods of DNA analysis to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among 29 Vicia subgen. Vicia species in comparison with two species of subgenus Vicilla sect. Vicilla. The methods employed were RAPD analysis of total genomic DNA and PCR-RFLP analysis of five chloroplast genes, rbcL, rpoB, 16S, psaA and trnK. The results of each method were similar and complementary, and support the current taxonomic systems of subsp. Vicia. According to RAPD and PCR-RFLP analysis the Narbonensis complex can be considered a well separated section, which may be related to section Vicia. Sections Vicia, Atossa and Wiggersia are separate, but closely related sections. Species of the section Hypechusa form a single monophyletic section, where V. lutea, V. anatolica and V. hyrcanica are quite remote from other species. Our results suggest that within the subgenus Vicia, V. faba is more closely related to V. bithynica and that these two species are most closely related to section Peregrinae. We found that PCR-RFLP of cp DNA provided more precise information concerning relationships between Vicia sections than RAPD analysis. However, RAPD analysis was more informative concerning diversity of closely related Vicia taxa, such as the variable groups, section Narbonensis and V. sativa aggregate.  相似文献   

2.
In order to identify key adaptive traits which affect productivity in Mediterranean grain and forage legumes and simultaneously determine the agricultural potential of a wide range of Vicia species, germplasm collected from the wild throughout the eastern Mediterranean was grown under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya, Syria (313 mm growing season rainfall). These included species currently in use in Mediterranean agriculture, such as V. sativa L., as well as those more widely used in the past-such as V. ervilia L., but also a broad selection from Section Narbonensis (B. Fedtsch. ex Radzhi) Maxted, including V. narbonensis L, V. johannis Tamamsch., V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., V. serratifolia Jacq., and V. kalakhensis Khattab et al. V. faba, a near relative of the taxa in Section Narbonensis, was included as a domesticated control. Where applicable, a representative range of subspecies was used. Accessions were chosen from a wide range of habitats in terms of latitude (31.02–40.72 decimalo), longitude (27.1–43.17 decimalo), altitude (20–1510 m), rainfall (180–1700 mm/yr) and soil depth (5–50 cm) in order to maximise diversity within species. Agricultural potential was determined by measuring seed, hay and biological yield, as well as agronomic traits such as harvest index, standing crop height, and seed size. The comparative influence of phenology and key agronomic traits such as plant habit and seed size on productivity varied tremendously between species, depending on their reproductive strategies. In V. sativa and V. ervilia, the smaller seed species which rely on long vegetative phases and growing seasons to accumulate sufficient biomass to set seed, and in which there was comparatively little agronomic variation, phenology had a large impact on yield. In early emerging taxa such as V. ervilia and V. s. subsp. sativa, with built-in long vegetative phases and growing seasons, seed yield was negatively correlated with flower ing (r = –0.86 to –0.88), whereas the opposite was the case for later emerging taxa such as V. s. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (r = 0.95). Within V. narbonensis and relatives, the larger seeded Vicia species which rely on more conservative reproductive strategies where high seedling vigour associated with large seeds enables the species to enter reproductive phases relatively early, phenology had a much smaller impact on yield than did variation of key traits such as seed weight, plant habit and pod shattering. Among the undomesticated germplasm harvest indices ranged from 0.09–0.31, hay yields from 0.1–3.4 t/ha, seed yield from 0–2.0 t/ha, and dry matter at maturity from 1.6–6.5 t/ha. Sub-specific taxonomy was crucial in determining agronomic potential. V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf. showed the most potential, combining an upright habit, large seeds (212 mg) and tendency to retain intact pods after maturity, with the highest yield, harvest index and crop height of all the wild Vicia species. V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. ervilia and V. narbonensis var. narbonensis were less productive, but still showed agricultural potential. The smaller seeded V. narbonensis, var. affinis, var. jordanica H. Schäf. and var. salmonea (Mout.) H. Schäf., and their close relatives V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. serratifolia and V. kalakhensis have little to offer Mediterranean agriculture on the basis of poor agronomy.  相似文献   

3.
Low molecular weight carbohydrates of seeds of 10 species of Vicia, namely: V. angustifolia, V. articulata, V. cordata, V. ervilia, V. johannis, V. macrocarpa, V. monantha, V. narbonensis, V. pannonica and V. sativa were analyzed by the high resolution gas chromatography method. Seeds of the investigated species contain common (glucose, fructose, myo-inositol, sucrose, galactinol, di-galactosyl myo-inositol and raffinose family oligosaccharides—RFOs) and species-specific carbohydrates (d-pinitol and its α-d-galactosides—in V. articulata, V. monantha and V. pannonica or d-ononitol and its galactoside—in V. ervilia). Among the species containing in seeds RFOs as the main α-d-galactosides (V. angustifolia, V. cordata, V. johanensis, V. macrocarpa, V. narbonensis and V. sativa), an additional subgroup can be separated, which contains a set of unknown compounds (found in V. angustifolia, V. cordata and V. macrocarpa). Moreover, several other unidentified carbohydrate-containing compounds were detected exclusively in seeds of V. ervilia. The concentrations of total soluble carbohydrates (TSCs), including sugars, RFOs, cyclitols and galactosyl cyclitols and unknown compounds, in seeds differ significantly (P < 0.05) among the species. RFOs and sucrose are the main fractions in TSCs, with the exception of V. pannonica seeds, containing more galactosyl pinitols, and V. ervilia, in which unknown compounds account for 50% of TSCs. In V. ervilia RFOs occur at the lowest concentration (9.32 mg g?1 seeds), and the concentration of DGMI (di-galactosyl myo-inositol) is comparable with that of RFOs, which is unusual among all the investigated Vicia species.  相似文献   

4.
As part of an investigation into the agricultural potential of under-exploited Mediterranean Viceae, anti-nutritional factor concentrations were measured in the seed of 7 species. These included: V. sativa(subsp. amphicarpa(L.) Batt., subsp. macrocarpa(Moris) Arcang, subsp. nigra(L.) Ehrh., subsp. sativa), V. ervilia L., V. faba L. (var. faba, var. minor Peterm.), V. narbonensis L. (var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf., var. affinis Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf., var. jordanica H. Schaef., var. narbonensis, var. salmonea(Mout.) H. Schaef.), and relatives, including V. johannis Tamamsch., (var. johannis, var. procumbens H. Schaef.), V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., and V. serratifolia Jacq. Both quantitative and qualitative differences in seed chemistry were observed. Condensed tannins, phenolics and proteinase inhibitors were found in varying concentrations in all taxa. The highest concentrations of phenolic secondary metabolites (0.8–1.4% leucocyanidin equivalents, 9.5–16.4 mg/g phenolics) were found in V. faba, the V. narbonensis relatives and V. sativa subsp. macrocarpa. These taxa also tended to contain low levels of proteinase inhibitors (0.25-0.55 mg trypsin/mg protein), whereas the opposite was the case for V. ervilia(2.1 mg t/mg p). V. narbonensis was intermediate both in terms of tannin and proteinase inhibitor levels. In contrast, the non-protein amino acids tended to be more specific in their distribution. Concentrations of canavanine varied from 0.04-0.11% in the seed of V. ervilia, and may constrain the end-use of the grain, given that pigs are sensitive to concentrations as low as 0.08% in their diet. In V. sativa variation of -glutamyl--cyanoalanine within and between subspecies (0.41–1.36%) is not sufficient to make the grain palatable to monogastrics, since > 0.075% inclusion in the diet causes mortality in chicks. In V. narbonensis, there was no significant variation between most varieties for -glutamyl-S-ethenyl cysteine (GEC), a non-protein amino acid peptide which reduces grain palatability. However, lower concentrations were found in V. n. var. jordanica and its near relatives, V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus and V. serratifolia(1.3-1.6%, compared with 1.9+/–0.02% in all remaining V. narbonesis sub-species). Anti-nutritional factor concentrations were used to visualize taxonomic relationships using hierarchical cluster analysis. The V. narbonensis varieties were closely aligned with their near relatives, V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus and V. serratifolia. In contrast V. faba was positioned closer to the V. sativa subspecies than either to V. narbonesis or its near relatives. V. ervilia was the most distantly related species. Across all taxa proteinase inhibitors and condensed tannins or total phenols were negatively correlated (r=– 0.72, P < 0.009). This may be a mechanism which minimizes wasteful resource allocation to chemical defense, because the 2 anti-nutritional factors are functionally substitutable, since they both reduce the availability of protein in plant material. Thus taxa investing in high concentrations of proteinase inhibitors do not duplicate chemical defense mechanisms by simultaneously producing large amounts of tannins and phenolics.  相似文献   

5.
Lead (Pb) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant capable to induce various morphological, physiological, and biochemical functions in plants. Only few publications focus on the influence of Pb speciation both on its phytoavailability and phytotoxicity. Therefore, Pb toxicity (in terms of lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide induction, and photosynthetic pigments contents) was studied in Vicia faba plants in relation with Pb uptake and speciation. V. faba seedlings were exposed to Pb supplied as Pb(NO3)2 or complexed by two fulvic acids (FAs), i.e. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and Elliott Soil fulvic acid (ESFA), for 1, 12, and 24?h under controlled hydroponic conditions. For both FAs, Pb uptake and translocation by Vicia faba increased at low level (5?mg?l?1), whereas decreased at high level of application (25?mg?l?1). Despite the increased Pb uptake with FAs at low concentrations, there was no influence on the Pb toxicity to the plants. However, at high concentrations, FAs reduced Pb toxicity by reducing its uptake. These results highlighted the role of the dilution factor for FAs reactivity in relation with structure; SRFA was more effective than ESFA in reducing Pb uptake and alleviating Pb toxicity to V. faba due to comparatively strong binding affinity for the heavy metal.  相似文献   

6.
Phosphorus (P) is a key limiting factor in many terrestrial ecosystems because most soil P is bound to soil minerals or organic matter. Increasing P cycling rates can increase P availability, including in agricultural soils that receive external P inputs. For example, cover crops may increase P cycling rates via plant uptake and P release during microbial decomposition. Cover crops and associated microbes may also change rhizosphere properties and stimulate soil P mobilization. We studied the potential of legume – fava bean (Vicia faba), vetches (Vicia dasycarpa, Vicia sativa, Vicia benghalensis) pea (Pisum sativum) – and cereal – rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), oat (Avena sativa) – cover crops to stimulate P cycling across management practices in two long-term systems trials in California. We measured cover crop biomass and nutrient content, P-mobilizing capacity (pH, organic acids, phosphatase activity) and soil P fraction changes in the rhizosphere. Cereals generally produced more biomass with similar P content compared to legumes, but higher C:P in cereal residues could favor microbial immobilization, delay residue mineralization and reduce P cycling rates. Legumes, especially fava bean, had the largest effect on rhizosphere properties by reducing pH and increasing organic acids concentrations and phosphatase activity. However, these changes in rhizosphere properties had a modest impact on soil P and did not increase soil P availability. Furthermore, we found no strong effect of management practices or soil P concentrations on soil P mobilization. Our results suggest that P mobilization in the rhizosphere of legumes is unlikely to increase P cycling rates in these soils, whereas P uptake and release in cereal biomass could have stronger effects.  相似文献   

7.

Purpose

This study delineated the effect of calcium (Ca) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) addition on arsenic (As) accumulation and physiological attributes of Vicia faba L.

Materials and methods

Two separate experiments were performed. In the first experiment, V. faba seedlings, grown under hydroponic conditions, were exposed to three levels of As (25, 125 and 250 μM) in the presence and absence of three levels of EDTA (25, 125, 250 μM) and calcium (CaCl2: 1, 5 and 10 mM). The effect of EDTA and Ca on As accumulation and physiological attributes of V. faba was assessed by determining As contents in roots and shoot, chlorophyll contents, H2O2 contents, and lipid peroxidation in young and old leaves. In the second experiment, V. faba seeds were grown in As-contaminated sand culture using the same treatment plan.

Results and discussion

The accumulation and toxicity of As to V. faba plants increased with increasing As levels in nutrient solution. Arsenic exposure enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both roots and leaves, which resulted in lipid peroxidation and decreased chlorophyll contents. The presence of both EDTA and Ca, in general, significantly decreased As accumulation by V. faba seedlings, Ca being more effective than EDTA. Both the amendments decreased As-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation. In the case of chlorophyll contents, EDTA significantly decreased chlorophyll contents, while Ca significantly increased chlorophyll contents compared to As. The effect of all the treatments was more pronounced in roots than leaves and in young leaves compared to old leaves.

Conclusions

It is proposed that EDTA and Ca greatly affect As accumulation and toxicity to V. faba, and the effect varies greatly with their applied levels as well as type and age of plant organs. The germinating seedlings of V. faba may be preferred for risk assessment studies, while transplanting 1-week-old V. faba seedlings to As-contaminated soils can decrease its toxicity.
  相似文献   

8.
Seven isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (Rlv) that nodulate faba beans (Vicia faba) from six sites in Jordan were characterised for chromosomal (glnII) and symbiotic (nodD-F) genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods. The results were compared to those obtained in a previous UK study, to determine whether or not the UK field population are indigenous or if they were dispersed during the radiation of V. faba domestication. All seven Jordanian isolates displayed novel chromosomal and symbiotic genotypes not identified in the UK population.  相似文献   

9.
Since autumn-sown faba beans possess several advantages including higher seed yield over the spring cultivars, the study was aimed to screen and select cold tolerant accessions of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) and compare these to wild species in the highland of the west Mediterranean region, Turkey. A total of 114 accessions of Vicia species including 109 accessions of faba bean, three accessions of narbon bean (V. narbonensis L.) and two accessions of V. montbretii Fisch. et C.A. Mey. were screened for cold tolerance at seedling stage in two successive years, 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 growth seasons. Accessions were evaluated for cold tolerance using a 1 (Highly cold tolerant)-5 (Highly cold susceptible) visual scale. Considerable variation was found for cold tolerance and some agronomical characteristics in faba beans. Wild relatives of faba bean were found to be more tolerant to cold than those of cultivated faba beans. Although some pigmented accessions were free from freezing damage at −9.6°C without snow cover, accessions with white flowers were damaged. The proposed screening technique could easily be used to evaluate many faba bean accessions for cold tolerance. To increase yield, it was concluded that the cold tolerant accessions with high yield could be grown as autumn-sown crop in the target environment.  相似文献   

10.

Purpose

In spite of substantial advancement in recent past, the role of metal speciation in assessing biogeochemical behaviour of Pb is still topical. Organic ligands are capable to modify Pb speciation in nutrient/soil solution and in turn its soil–plant transfer and toxicity. In this sense, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic ligands on Pb-induced oxidative stress to Vicia faba roots.

Materials and methods

V. faba seedlings grown to controlled hydroponic system were treated with 5 μM Pb as lead nitrate in the presence and absence of organic ligands viz ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA) for 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The chemical speciation of Pb (percent free and chelated Pb) in nutrient solution in the presence and absence of organic ligands was calculated using Visual Minteq speciation model. The effect of chemical speciation on Pb-induced oxidative stress to V. faba roots was investigated using plant enzymatic antioxidative system [superoxide dismutases (SOD), guaiacol peroxidise (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT)]. The antioxidant enzymes activities were determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometer.

Results and discussion

The activities of SOD, GPX, APX, and GR significantly increased whereas that of CAT decreased in V. faba roots under Pb alone treatment. Lead-induced increase/decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities was not linear but varies with treatment exposure time. EDTA dose dependently inhibited Pb-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes activities. However, CA did not cause any significant change in Pb-induced variation in antioxidant enzymes activities, but delayed or slightly reduced the Pb effect.

Conclusions

The present study suggested that physiological responses of V. faba roots to Pb toxicity vary with applied Pb form and duration of exposure. EDTA can inhibit Pb-induced toxicity to V. faba seedlings by forming stable Pb-EDTA complexes due to its high binding strength for Pb. However, CA had no effect on Pb-induced toxicity to V. faba roots due to weak complexation with Pb.  相似文献   

11.
Aegilops geniculata Roth, a wild relative of wheat (2n = 4x = 28, genome UUMM), is distributed over the Mediterranean basin and nearby areas. The species consists of two subspecies, subsp. geniculata and subsp. gibberosa (Zhuk.) Hammer. The former is distributed over the whole species area and has been genetically analyzed, and the latter is endemic to Spain and North Africa and has not been genetically evaluated. In this study, to clarify the genetic variation and delineation of the two subspecies from a biosystematic viewpoint, morphological variation among 23 accessions of subsp. geniculata and three of subsp. gibberosa and chromosome pairing at meiosis and fertility in their intra- and inter-subspecific F1 hybrids were examined. A principal component analysis based on the 11 spike characteristics clearly divided the 26 accessions into two groups representing the two subspecies. The inter-subspecific F1 hybrids showed significantly lower frequencies of chromosome pairing, significantly higher frequencies of multivalents, and significantly lower fertilities relative to those of the intra-subspecific F1 hybrids. It was concluded that wide-ranging cytogenetic variation is included in subsp. geniculata, that subsp. gibberosa, the intra-subspecific variation of which is small, is morphologically and cytogenetically differentiated from subsp. geniculata beyond the range of the intra-subspecific variation of subsp. geniculata, and that the two subspecies are effectively isolated reproductively by hybrid sterility. The results strongly suggested that western North Africa is one of the important diversity centers of Ae. geniculata, where two subspecies were differentiated in the past and grow together in the present.  相似文献   

12.
The genus Trigonella includes the widely cultivated T. foenum-graecum and a number of other medicinal and aromatic plant species distributed around the Mediterranean region. Sectional delimitation of Trigonella species is still based on morphology and interspecific relationships within the genus are not yet sufficiently resolved. Phylogenetic relationships in 22 species representing 11 of the 12 sections recognized within the genus Trigonella were analyzed using nuclear ITS and plastid trnL-F DNA sequences. Within nuclear ITS region, ITS-II was found to evolve faster compared to ITS-I. Maximal phylogenetic resolution and support was obtained in the combined analysis of the two selected regions. Trees resulting from maximum parsimony as well as Bayesian inference of combined data provided evidence for Trigonella being monophyletic with high support but did not agree with the traditional subgeneric division. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicated three major lineages supported by apomorphies in inflorescence and stipule. The phylogram supported the sectional delimitation of sections Cylindricae, Vérae, Samaroideae, Pectinatae, Erosae and Callicerates. There is strong support to combine monotypic sections Pectinatae and Erosae into one. However, species belonging to section Foenum-graecum and Falcatulae clustered in different subclades, contrary to their current classification. Inflorescence type appears to be a useful character with taxonomic potential for phenetic implications at subgeneric and sectional level within the genus. Moreover, some legume and seed characteristics, considered important in existing taxonomy, appear to have arisen more than once in Trigonella and are homoplastic.  相似文献   

13.
Isoenzyme composition of ten enzymes and variability of their genetically heterologous isoenzymes (heterozymes) encoded by 17 loci has been studied with the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 21 vetch species of the type subgenus of the genus Vicia in comparison with V. pisiformis of the subgenus Vicilla. In total, 118 electromorphs (putative allozymes) of different frequency and variability pattern within and between species were recorded. Cladistic analysis of the allozyme data revealed in the subgenus two basic monophyletic groups with two monophyletic subclades in both. One subclade of the first group includes species related to sections Vicia, Sepium, Pseudolathyrus and Lathyroides. The second subclade of the first group consists of species of the section Peregrinae. The species of the section Narbonensis, which are considered to be closest wild relatives of the cultivated faba bean by morphological similarities, form a subclade in a second monophyletic group, with V. hybrida, V. pannonica, V. anatolica, and V. melanops of the section Hyperchusa as a sister subclade. Vicia hyrcanica and V. lutea of the same section are placed on the cladogram as basally paraphyletic in the second monophyletic group. Vicia faba is placed either as basally paraphyletic to both monophyletic groups or in the Peregrinae subclade, depending on the use of evolutionarily less variable isoenzymes alone or together with polymorphic ones in the data matrixes. The placement of cultivated V. faba and its morphologically closest wild relatives of the section Narbonensis in different monophyletic clades on the allozyme phylograms shows that they belong to different phylogenetic branches within the subgenus and indicates more remote relationship between them than previously assumed from morphological similarity. UPGMA phenograms of Manhattan distances characterizing the extent of allozymic divergence between species are presented.  相似文献   

14.
Recycling of olive mill wastewaters (OMW) into agricultural soils is a controversial issue since benefits to soil fertility should counterbalance potential short-term toxicity effects. We investigated the short-term effects of OMW on the soil-plant system, regarding the diversity, structure and root colonization capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the respective growth response of Vicia faba L, commonly used as green manure in olive-tree plantations. A compartmentalized pot system was used that allowed the establishment of an AM fungal community in one compartment (feeder) and the application of three OMW dose levels in an adjacent second compartment (receiver). At 0, 10, and 30 days after OMW treatment (DAT), V. faba pre-germinated seeds were seeded in the receiver compartment. At harvest, shoot and root dry weights, AM fungal root colonization, soil hyphal length and P availability were recorded in the receiver compartment. In addition, OMW effects on AM fungal diversity in plant roots were studied by DGGE. A transient effect of OMW application was observed; plant growth and AM fungal colonization were initially inhibited, whereas soil hyphal length was stimulated, but in most cases differences were absent when seeding was performed 30 DAT. Similarly, changes induced in the structure of the root AM fungal community were of transient nature. Cloning and sequencing of all the major DGGE bands showed that roots were colonized by Glomus spp. The transient effects of OMW on the structure and function of AM fungi could be attributed to OMW-derived phytoxicity to V. faba plants or to an indirect effect via alteration of soil nutritional status. The high OMW dose significantly increased soil P availability in the presence of AM fungi, suggesting efficient involvement of AM fungi in organic-P minerilization. Overall our results indicate that soil application of OMW would cause transient changes in the AM fungal colonization of V. faba plants, which, would not impair their long-term plant growth promoting ability.  相似文献   

15.
N fixation by different faba bean (Vicia faba) cultivars was studied using the natural abundance method. The delta 15N ('15N) values of the faba beans and the reference plants differed by 4.6-7.0‰. The non-nodulating V. faba cv. F48 seems to be the best reference plant for nodulated and N2-fixing V. faba. Significant differences occurred in the quantity of N2 fixation of six V. faba cultivars. The average fraction of N derived from air (FNdfa) estimated from leaf material ranged between 69 and 80%. Shoot-based estimates of N fixation varied between 200 and 360 kg N ha-1. N fixation was affected more by differences in FNdfa than by differences in total N accumulation. Fixation data calculated with the non-nodulated reference plant V. faba cv. F48 were lower than those calculated with cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as reference plants. Of all reference plants, non-N2-fixing V. faba cv. F48 has a root system and temporal pattern of N assimilation that is the one most similar to that of N2-fixing V. faba plants. Cv. F48 showed senescence as did the other V. faba cultivars after pod-fill was complete, whereas cabbage, ryegrass and camomile had a later senescence period. N fixation during pod-filling appears more important for a good yield than N2 fixation abilities in the earlier growth period. The best V. faba cultivars left about 100 kg N ha-1 in residual material on the field as fertilization for the following crops.  相似文献   

16.
The cadmium (Cd) pollution of farmland soil is serious in the world. The present study investigated the effects of intercropping Vicia faba and the hyperaccumulator Sonchus asper on the Cd accumulation and root responses (morphology and secreted organic acids) of plants grown on soil from a mining area in Yunnan Province, China, under different Cd stress levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1). Intercropping increased the biomass of both S. asper and V. faba, as well as the Cd accumulation and Cd transfer coefficient from roots to shoots of S. asper, but decreased those of V. faba in the 200 mg kg-1 Cd treatment. The Cd concentrations in roots, shoots, and grains from intercropped V. faba plants were positively correlated (P<0.05) with the N,N-diethyl phenylacetamide-extractable Cd content in soil. In the 50 mg kg-1 Cd treatment, intercropping decreased citric and malic acids in root secretions of S. asper. Intercropped V. faba secreted more citric, oxalic, acetic, and malic acid compared with S. asper. Intercropping also increased root length and root surface area of both S. asper and V. faba. At 50 mg kg-1 Cd, root length for S. asper was higher than that at 0 mg kg-1 Cd, whereas V. faba roots had significantly decreased length and mean diameter. Intercropping of S. asper and V. faba is suggested as an in situ phytoremediation strategy of Cd-contaminated soils and may improve the food quality of V. faba.  相似文献   

17.
An unilocular ovary is often observed in the Fabaceae family. Thermopsis turcica Kit Tan, Vural et Küçüködük is an endemic, rare plant species in Turkey that is distinguished by its multi-carpellary apocarpous ovaries. No research has been conducted on the crossing of T. turcica with other species to date. Vicia faba L. (fababean) (2n = 12), which is one of the oldest crops used for human and animal consumption, and Thermopsis turcica (2n = 18) were selected to explore the possibility of increasing yield in edible crops by intergeneric crossing. When T. turcica was used as a male parent, pollen germination and pollen tube growth appeared to be normal and globular embryo formation was observed, but hybrid seeds aborted due to post-fertilization barriers. In contrast, in all crosses in which T. turcica was used as a maternal parent, an embryo was not obtained, and viability of the pistil did not exceed 10 days after pollination. Also, in the samples left to free pollination, pistils died in a few days after anthers were removed just before pre-anthesis. Inability to obtain viable seeds by hybridization of Vicia faba and T. turcica should not be considered as a demonstration of complete incompatibility of the species in intergeneric crosses. The present report constitutes the first study on this issue.  相似文献   

18.
China is known as a major distribution center for the genus Primula, with a total account of 300 species out of the 430 species reported in the world. Western Sichuan is considered as an important area of diversity of Primula, approximately accounting for 40 % of the total found in the country. This paper focused on the distribution, classification, and evaluation of the Primula species collected from western Sichuan. A total of 29 species, four subspecies, and one variety were collected, identified, and classified based on their morphological characteristics. We also discovered some plants with different flower colors within the same species, which may be representative of new forms or ecotypes. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method through 14 indicator points was first used to evaluate the collected Primula resources based on their ornamental value, utilization potential, and ecological adaptability. The results indicated that P. denticulata subsp. sinodenticulata received the highest AHP scores making it the most potential species for sustainable exploitation. In addition, P. chionantha subsp. sinopurpurea, P. szechuanica, P. orbicularis, P. sikkimensis, P. hongshanensis, P. secundiflora, P. sonchifolia, P. polyneura, P. wilsonii, P. palmata, P. poissonii and P. watsonii showed better potential for exploitation than other species. This study also gave some suggestions regarding the protection and utilization of wild Primula resources.  相似文献   

19.
Repeat unit length variation and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to assess genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships in chickpea (C. arietinum) cultivars, and its related wild species. Total genomic DNAs of 76 accessions of 10 Cicer species, belonging to three sections of the genus, were restricted with seven enzymes and the restriction fragments were hybridized to heterologous ribosomal clones of wheat pTa71 and Vicia faba probes Ver 6-5 and Ver18-6. A single repeat unit length class of 11.4 kb or 10.5 kb was recognized across Cicer accessions with pTa71. The intraspecific variation was negligible in those species where more than one accession was studied, except the four C. judaicum accessions, which were different from the rest. EcoRI and DraI digests gave two and one-two fragments, respectively. All the accessions produced three and three-five bands with BamHI and SacI, respectively. Both the accessions of C. yamashitae differed in their rDNA repeat unit length as well as restriction site variation. Maximum likelihood tree with rDNA RFLP recognized five clades which were more or less congruent with the previous data. Length of ITS-1 region was more variable (235–239 bp) than the ITS-2 region (212–213 bp). Cladistic analysis of ITS data revealed two major clades, clade I consisting of C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, and clade II comprised of C. judaicum, C. chorassanicum, C. bijugum and C. cuneatum. C. microphyllum grouped with the above four species. C. pinnatifidum was present as a separate branch. C. yamashitae emerged as the most distinct species.  相似文献   

20.
RAPD markers were applied to subterranean clover aiming at: (i) assessing the genetic relationships among the subspecies subterraneum L., brachycalycinum Katzn. et Morley, yanninicum Katzn. et Morley, as their taxonomic status is still debated; (ii) verifying the adoption of RAPDs to supplement the common morphological markers used for cultivar identification and protection; (iii) assessing the possible genetic diversity in relation to the geographic origin. Eight primers were selected for genetic analysis of 18 genotypes: 10 subsp. yanninicum (five from Greece and five from Sardinia), six subsp. subterraneum (forming three pairs, each one difficult to distinguish by morphological markers), and two subsp. brachycalycinum. Cluster analysis, performed on the Jaccards coefficients of association computed across the eight primers, formed three groups of genotypes, corresponding to the three subspecies. The results supported at the DNA level previous inferences, made at cytological, karyological, and isoenzymatic levels, on the ongoing speciation process within the subterranean clover complex, although not warranting yet the full species rank to the three forms. The genotypes of subsp. yanninicum were genetically closer to those of subsp. subterraneum than either group was to the subsp. brachycalycinum genotypes. Within the subsp. yanninicum cluster, the Sardinian genotypes appeared fairly distinct from those from Greece, suggesting a possible, independent evolution going on in different centres of diversity of this subspecies. In two pairs of subsp. subterraneum genotypes, the members could be unequivocally distinguished, thus supporting the role of RAPD fingerprinting in cultivar identification. In the third pair, the two genotypes appeared to be the same, inadvertently duplicated within the germplasm collection.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号