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1.
The cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue of 108 male castrated pigs (German Landrace) was investigated. The tissue was taken bioptically under anesthetic conditions. The outer and the inner layer of backfat were examined separately, fresh unfixed tissue slices floating in Ringer solution were subjected to microscopic measurements of adipocyte diameters. The animals were kept in feeding experiments, 3 and 2 sectors respectively of growing period were examined (40 kg; 66 kg, 88 kg body mass) divided into 6 and 4 feeding levels respectively for 21 days (0.4; 0.6/0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4 MJ metabolic energy per kg body mass0.75 per day). The inner layer of backfat showed bigger fat cells compared to the outer layer. The average fat cell size was greater for the older and heavier than for the younger animals. The gradation of food administration resulted not in a straight parallel rise in fat cell size but in an effective consequence with respect to the distribution frequency of the dates: The higher the food energy level, the more the accumulation of small fat cells from 10 til 30 microns diameter. These cell fractions succeeded in being signified as typical and important closed population. Other authors also had described these particular cells, i.e. "fat cell clusters" and "VSFC" (= very small fat cells) respectively. An external use of the dates for computer simulation programs resulted in success and manifested the independently gained conclusions. The examinations were performed by support of different branches of literature and the results had to be discussed in front of a wide background of known connections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
2.
综述了梅山猪与西方猪生长性能和胴体特性的比较研究.结果表明梅山猪主要以生长性能差和脂肪组织高度发育为特性,梅山猪与西方猪相比,具有显著较低的日增重、采食量和瘦肉组织百分率以及较高的饲料转化率和背膘厚度,但梅山猪的肉质优于欧洲猪的. 相似文献
3.
G Sturm A Susenbeth U Ehrensv?rd M Gmelin K Loeffler 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,103(4):112-117
Measurements of morphological and biochemical parameters in subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as investigations of energy metabolism and fat deposition of 89 male castrated pigs were performed. Breeding lines of swine (German Landrace) had been selected through 8 generations for high ("E(+)-Line") and low ("E(-)-Line") levels of NADPH-generating dehydrogenases. A control group ("K.") without selection was closely paralleled. For 21 days the animals were kept under feeding experiments within 2 sectors of growing period (67 kg, 85 kg body mass), and biopsies of backfat were examined subsequently. The inner layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue showed constantly bigger fat cells than the outer layer. The fat cell size increased generally with fattening and body mass respectively. The cellularity of adipose tissue was dependent significantly on the percentage of the very small fat cells measured up to 30 microns diameter (= "PKF30"). The breeding lines differed slightly with respect to their cellularity: The inner layer showed the gradation E+ greater than K. greater than E- concerning fat cell volumes and fat cell surfaces respectively. The PKF30 correlated significantly with food energy level as well as with the respirationally examined protein retention, particularly in inner layers of younger animals. Relations to the fat deposition (examined respirationally or with the D2O-Method and after slaughter respectively) were recognized, not showing validity for all cases. The parameters of lipogenic activity tested by tissue slice preparations and homogenates respectively correlated negatively with average fat cell size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
4.
A QTL on pig chromosome 4 affects fatty acid metabolism: evidence from an Iberian by Landrace intercross 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Pérez-Enciso M Clop A Noguera JL Ovilo C Coll A Folch JM Babot D Estany J Oliver MA Díaz I Sánchez A 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(10):2525-2531
Three Iberian boars were bred to 31 Landrace sows to produce 79 F1 pigs. Six F1 boars were mated to 73 F1 sows. The F2 progeny from 33 full-sib families (250 individuals) were genotyped for seven microsatellites spanning the length of chromosome 4. Least squares procedures for interval mapping were used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL). A permutation test was used to establish nominal significance levels associated with QTL effects, and resulting probability levels were corrected to a genomewide basis. Observed QTL effects were (genomewide significance, position of maximum significance in centimorgans): percentage of linoleic acid in subcutaneous adipose tissue (< 0.01, 81); backfat thickness (< 0.01, 83); backfat weight (< 0.01, 80); longissimus muscle area (0.02, 83); live weight (0.19, 88); and percentage of oleic acid in subcutaneous adipose tissue (0.25, 81). Gene action was primarily additive. The Iberian genotypes were fatter, slower growing, and had lower linoleic and higher oleic acid contents than Landrace genotypes. The interval from 80 to 83 cM contains the FAT1 and A-FABP loci that have been shown previously to affect fat deposition in pigs. This is the first report of a QTL affecting fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue in pigs and provides a guide for the metabolic pathways affected by candidate genes described in this region of chromosome 4. 相似文献
5.
Gardan D Gondret F Van den Maagdenberg K Buys N De Smet S Louveau I 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,34(1):45-53
In pigs, a paternally (pat) imprinted mutation in the IGF-II gene is associated with increased muscle mass and decreased backfat thickness. The aim of this study was to determine whether this mutation influenced cellular, biochemical and metabolic features of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Muscle (trapezius) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) were collected from pigs (106kg) carrying (Qpat, n=6) or not carrying (qpat, n=7) the mutation. Adipocytes were isolated from those tissues by collagenase treatment. Lipid content and activity of lipogenic enzymes were determined using standard assays. Gene expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. Levels of IGF-II mRNA were higher (P<0.01) in muscle of Qpat than in that of qpat pigs, but they did not differ significantly between the two groups in SCAT. Whereas levels of IGF-I mRNA in muscle were similar in both groups, they were higher (P<0.05) in SCAT of Qpat pigs than in that of qpat pigs. Muscle lipid content and intramuscular adipocyte diameters were not influenced significantly by the IGF-II genotype. In SCAT, the reduction of backfat thickness in Qpat pigs compared with qpat pigs was associated with lower (P<0.05) lipid content and smaller (P<0.05) adipocytes, with no significant genotype-effects on expressions and/or activities of lipogenic enzymes. In summary, our results suggest that the IGF-II mutation altered body composition in pigs by favoring myofiber hypertrophy and repressing adipose cell development in SCAT. 相似文献
6.
D S Cianzio D G Topel G B Whitehurst D C Beitz H L Self 《Journal of animal science》1985,60(4):970-976
Forty crossbred steers of similar birth date and fed the same growing-finishing diet were used to study adipocyte changes in six fat depots during growth from 11 to 19 mo of age. Steers were slaughtered at 2-mo intervals. Adipose tissue samples were obtained from kidney, mesenteric and brisket fat and subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular fat from the 10th to 12th rib section. The osmium tetroxide fixation technique was used for determination of cell size and number. Except for three brisket fat samples, distributions of adipocyte diameters from six different fat depots were monophasic during the age range considered in this study. At 17 mo of age, the mean adipocyte diameter, in decreasing order, was: kidney fat greater than mesenteric greater than subcutaneous greater than intermuscular greater than intramuscular greater than brisket fat. Fat deposition during growth to 19 mo of age occurred mainly by hypertrophy of adipocytes. An apparent cell hyperplasia occurred in the intramuscular fat depot from 11 to 15 mo and in the brisket fat depot after 15 mo of age. Based on cellularity characteristics, evidence exists to classify intramuscular and brisket fat depots as late-developing ones. Cell number/gram of intramuscular adipose tissue was a better predictor of marbling score than was fat cell diameter. 相似文献
7.
为研究5-羟色胺（5-HT）受体基因在不同猪种的表达及其与肉质的关系,试验选取淳安花猪与杜长大三元猪各12头,同时饲喂,达上市体重时分别屠宰,测定胴体、肉质性状及肌肉、脂肪中的5-HT受体基因表达量。结果表明：淳安花猪、杜长大三元猪的平均屠宰体重分别为88.1、102.4kg;淳安花猪的板油率、背膘厚、肌内脂肪等指标均显著高于杜长大三元猪（P〈0.05）;屠宰率、眼肌面积杜长大三元猪显著高于淳安花猪（P〈0.05）。5-HT2A、5-HT7受体基因在2个猪种脂肪组织中的表达量均显著高于肌肉组织（P〈0.05）,杜长大三元猪的肌肉中5-HT2A、5-HT7表达量显著低于淳安花猪（P〈0.05）,而脂肪中表达量两猪种间差异不显著。5-HT2A、5-HT7受体基因表达量与屠宰肉质指标之间基本呈负相关,尤其是肌肉中的5-HT2A表达量,呈较强负相关（杜长大三元猪）或显著负相关（淳安花猪）。研究初步认为,5-HT受体基因在中外猪种之间存在表达差异,并与屠宰肉质性状具有相关性。 相似文献
8.
不同猪种ESR基因多态性的PCR-RFLP分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
运用PCR-RFLP方法,检测了杜洛克、约克夏、长白猪、皮特兰、梅山猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪、荣昌猪、苏太猪等9个国内外猪种的ESR基因PvuⅡ位点多态性。结果表明,在约克夏猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪和苏太猪中检测到了AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,在杜洛克猪、皮特兰猪中检测到AB、BB 2种基因型,在长白猪、梅山猪、荣昌猪中只检测到了AB基因型。在本研究中不同品种的A、B基因频率差异显著,总体上在国外猪群体中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而地方猪种中B等位基因为优势等位基因。 相似文献
9.
The genetic influence on body and adipose tissue characteristics of newborn pigs and their correlations to growth rate, BW, body length, backfat thickness and adipocyte size in the outer and inner layers of backfat in 8-d-old Large White piglets were determined. Samples of adipose tissue were obtained by biopsy. Pigs were born to 32 sows mated with the same boar. Heritability and genetic correlations were estimated with dam component of variance; therefore, bias due to common environmental effects cannot be excluded. The heritability estimate for adipocyte volume (.89 +/- .28) was higher than that for backfat thickness at the first and last thoracic vertebrae (.50 +/- .22; .63 +/- .24) and for body weight (.59 +/- .23) at 8 d. Backfat thickness was more closely related genetically and phenotypically to body weight and length than to adipose tissue cellularity. Heritability estimates were .75 +/- .28 for gain from 8 d to weaning and from weaning to 95 d (probably because of common environmental effects) but were .31 +/- .20 for ADG from 95 d to slaughter. Characteristics at 8 d were closely correlated phenotypically with growth rate until weaning. These correlations became lower in the two subsequent periods (to 95 d and to slaughter). Corresponding genetic correlations were nonsignificant. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
The histology of developing porcine adipose tissue 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
At each of the following days after conception (45, 60, 75, 90 and 105), pig fetuses were removed from sows representing lean and fat stains. From two additional litters, postnatal pigs were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 d. Pelikan dye was injected into fetuses and pigs. The whole of the dorsal subcutaneous tissue, including some underlying muscle, was removed. Tissue was fixed into paraffin blocks or was frozen. Paraffin and frozen sections were stained and examined for stromal-vascular and cellular changes during growth. Organized stromal-vascular changes occurred during a period of adipocyte formation from 45 d gestation until 9 d postnatally. At 45 d gestation, the subcutaneous tissue contained many short unorganized connective tissue fibers. Gradually, these fibers became more organized in a ventral to dorsal and caudal to cranial gradient, so that by 1 d postnatally, they formed complete lobules around all existing fat cell clusters. The presumptive adipose space of the complete lobules contained delicate strands of connective tissue and reacted metachromatically for mucin. Connective tissue around lobules became progressively thinner throughout the remaining postnatal ages. Vascularity of the subcutaneous tissue increased as the stromal became organized. Lipid was not present in the subcutaneous tissue at 45 d gestation, but some deposition was apparent in the inner layer at 60 d. Between 60 d gestation and 9 d postnatally, fat cells filled both subcutaneous layers in a ventral to dorsal formation. Presumptive adipose lobules were the source of adipocytes and capillaries of developing fat cell clusters. Adipocytes from fetuses through 1-d postnatal pigs were multilocular, while unilocular fat cells were first observed at 3 d. At 9 d, multilocular adipocytes were found singly or in groups within unilocular fat cell lobules. 相似文献
13.
Heat balance characteristics of limit-fed growing pigs of several breeds kept in groups at and below thermal neutrality 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The lower critical temperature (Tcr) and thermoregulatory heat production below Tcr were studied in Norwegian Landrace (N), Finnish Landrace (F), Dutch Landrace (D), and Great Yorkshire (Y) barrows. Animals, weighing 26 kg at the start, were kept in groups for 18, 2-d periods in climate respiration chambers at environmental temperatures (Tenv) between 11 and 26 degrees C. Feeding level of animals in a group was 93 g.kg-.75.d-1 (2.5 times maintenance) and based on mean BW. Great Yorkshire pigs had a higher growth rate and a lower feed to gain ratio than Landrace pigs. Production characteristics of Landrace breeds were similar. The derived Tcr of the breeds was between 18.0 and 20.4 degrees C, the lower value associated with Y pigs and the higher value with F pigs. Thermoregulatory heat production was 6.4 to 11.9 kJ.kg-.75.d-1.degrees C-1 and did not differ between breeds. Radiant surface temperature (Trs) of pigs increased by .4C degrees (= bTrs) when Tenv was raised by 1.0 C degrees between 11 and 26 degrees C. In D pigs, bTrs was higher than in other pigs. Radiant surface temperature was related to backfat thickness; bTrs was increased with greater backfat thickness. 相似文献
14.
利用半定量RT-PCR法分析比较了甘油三酯水解酶(Triacylglycerol hydrolase,TGH)和激素敏感脂酶(Hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL)基因在不同猪种、不同发育阶段及不同部位脂肪组织中转录表达的差异,探讨其在猪脂肪组织的表达规律。结果显示,脂肪型个体TGHmRNA表达丰度显著低于瘦肉型和杂交型个体,成年猪较初生仔猪低,皮下、腹膜和内脏脂肪组织中TGH表达量依次递增;其变化规律与HSL相同。此外,对分离培养的原代前体脂肪细胞通过诱导分化和油红O染色区分分化状态,分析TGHmRNA表达的时序变化,发现TGH在前脂肪细胞中不转录表达,诱导分化后开始表达,且在诱导分化第4天表达量最高,分化第10天表达量下降,达到峰值的时间较HSL早。结果表明,TGH的表达与个体肥胖程度、年龄、脂肪组织部位以及脂肪细胞分化程度相关,同时,在脂肪细胞分化过程中,TGH表达峰值早于HSL,提示TGH在脂肪细胞发育过程中可能较早承担基础脂解作用。 相似文献
15.
J. M. Verdes L. Espino A. Goicoa L. Rigueira L. A. Ramil L. E. Fidalgo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(2):238-244
The energetic status of high‐yielding Holstein‐Friesian dairy cattle was studied during peripartum under field conditions using body condition score (BCS), glycemia, seric ß–hydroxybutyrate and adipose tissue cellularity. This last method was tested as a complementary tool for energetic status assessment. Biopsies of pericaudal subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained from 25 multiparous animals at 28 days before and 21 days after parturition. Samples were routinely processed for histological examination and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The mean diameter of adipocytes (MDA) was measured with the aid of a digital image processor. During the same period, blood samples were collected weekly for metabolite determinations. The MDA at 28 days pre‐partum and 21 days post‐partum were 72.1 vs. 66.2 μm respectively (p = 0.055), and the corresponding BCS at these moments was 3.32 vs. 3.19 (p = 0.068). At ?28 days pre‐partum, the BCS was positively correlated with MDA (Pearson’s r = 0.521, p = 0.016) and with glycemia (Pearson’s r = 0.404, p = 0.056). Correlations between BCS and MDA, and between BCS and glycemia, with ß–hydroxybutyrate although not significant, suggest that routine histological preparations of biopsies from subcutaneous adipose tissue could be included as an easy and valuable tool for research purposes to evaluate metabolic adaptation of dairy cows to peripartum, as well as the incidence of metabolic disorders and productive performance. 相似文献
16.
猪肌肉糖原磷酸化酶基因的多态性及其与胴体和肉质性状的相关分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
试验旨在寻找不同品种猪的差异表达基因,并对其遗传效应进行初步分析。应用抑制消减杂交技术获得了在梅山猪、长白猪和大白猪中差异表达的肌肉糖原磷酸化酶(glycogen phosphorylase,muscle form,PYGM)基因及其全长cDNA序列,序列分析结果表明,猪PYGM基因编码842个氨基酸,与人、牛、狗、小鼠、大鼠和羊的氨基酸序列具有96%、97%、96%、96%、96%和97%的相似性,而且该基因在各组织中表达量均很高。通过序列比对发现,在3′非翻译区(3′UTR)125 bp处存在1个突变。利用PCR-RFLP方法,在大白猪、梅山猪、长白纯种猪和170头大白×梅山F2代资源家系中检测了该突变位点的多态性并进行性状关联分析,结果表明,该位点的多态性与瘦肉率、骨率、肥肉率、平均背膘厚、眼肌面积、胴体长显著相关,尤其是活体瘦肉率AA基因型(大白猪、长白猪优势基因)比BB基因型(梅山猪优势基因)高3%,肥肉率低5%,与外来猪种瘦肉率显著高于本地猪的性状表现是一致的。因此,猪PYGM基因125 bp位点可能是一个潜在的分子标记辅助常规育种位点。 相似文献
17.
长白猪和梅山猪脂肪中脂肪沉积相关基因的表达差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了揭示瘦肉型的长白猪和脂肪型的梅山猪脂肪沉积相关基因的表达差异,采用qRT-PCR方法检测了两猪种背部皮下脂肪组织中硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)、苹果酸酶(ME1)和解耦联蛋白3(UCP3)基因的表达量在30、60、90、120和150 d的变化。结果表明,两品种SCD的表达模式除90~120 d相反外,其他各日龄之间基本相同;ME1在30~120 d基本相同,而120~150 d呈现出相反的模式;UCP3除120~150 d相同外,其他各日龄之间呈现相反的模式。以上结果初步揭示了两猪种在生长发育过程中SCD、ME1和UCP3表达的发育性变化模式和品种差异,为深入研究脂肪合成代谢的调控机制提供了基础数据。 相似文献
18.
Seung Hak YANG Tohru MATSUI Hiroyuki KAWACHI Tomoya YAMADA Naoto NAKANISHI Hideo YANO 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(1):17-21
ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to investigate leptin mRNA expression, adipocyte size, and their relationship in several adipose tissues of fattening steers. Subcutaneous, perirenal, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissues were collected from three crossbred steers (Japanese Black cattle X Holstein) aged 21 months. The mRNA level and adipocyte diameter were determined in these adipose tissues. The intramuscular adipose tissue had a lower leptin mRNA level than the intermuscular and perirenal adipose tissues (P < 0.05). Leptin mRNA level was lower in the subcutaneous depot than in the intermuscular depot (P < 0.05). Adipocyte diameter was larger in the intermuscular adipose tissue than in the subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues (P < 0.05). Leptin mRNA level was positively correlated with adipocyte diameter (r2 = 0.81, P < 0.05). These results suggest that the cattle have fat depot‐specific differences in leptin gene expression, which are a result of a difference in adipocyte size. 相似文献
19.
【目的】克隆大长杂交猪DJ-1基因CDS区并进行生物信息学分析,探讨DJ-1基因在猪脂肪组织中的表达规律,为后续探究该基因在猪脂肪沉积中的功能奠定基础。【方法】以大长杂交猪腹股沟皮下脂肪组织cDNA为模板,PCR扩增DJ-1基因CDS区,利用在线工具对DJ-1蛋白进行生物信息学分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR检测DJ-1基因在大长杂交猪、大白猪（瘦肉型猪）和莱芜猪（脂肪型猪）脂肪组织中的表达量,并比较表达差异。【结果】大长杂交猪DJ-1基因CDS区全长570 bp,编码189个氨基酸。系统进化树分析表明,大长杂交猪和牛亲缘关系最近,与斑马鱼亲缘关系最远。DJ-1蛋白分子质量为19.94 ku,是一种稳定的酸性、亲水性蛋白,且含有1个GAT_1超家族成员Thij结构域;无信号肽和跨膜结构域,具有21个磷酸化位点、4个N-糖基化修饰位点和1个O-糖基化修饰位点。DJ-1蛋白二级结构由α-螺旋、延伸链、β-转角、无规则卷曲组成,占比分别为42.86%、17.99%、7.94%和31.22%,三级结构预测结果与其一致。蛋白互作分析发现,DJ-1蛋白可能与SOD2、NDUFV2、SNCA、BCL2L1和MAP3K等蛋白存在相互作用。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,DJ-1基因在大长杂交猪背膘、腹股沟脂肪和肾周脂肪组织中均有表达,但无显著差异（P>0.05）;且在大白猪脂肪组织中的表达量显著或极显著低于莱芜猪（P<0.05;P<0.01）。【结论】本研究成功克隆了大长杂交猪DJ-1基因CDS区,其编码蛋白属稳定的酸性、亲水性蛋白,在莱芜猪脂肪组织中的表达量显著或极显著高于大白猪。本试验结果为进一步研究猪DJ-1基因功能提供理论参考。 相似文献
20.
Effects of Duroc, Meishan, Fengjing, and Minzhu boars on productivity of mates and growth of first-cross progeny. 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
L D Young 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(7):2020-2029
Meishan, Fengjing, Minzhu, and Duroc boars were mated by AI to crossbred gilts to compare the sire breeds for effects on productivity of their mates and performance of their progeny. Gilts were derived from a four-way cross of Chester White, Landrace, Large White, and Yorkshire. At weaning, litters sired by Meishan boars averaged 1.69 and 1.32 more pigs than those sired by Duroc and Minzhu boars, respectively (P less than .05). Pigs sired by Meishan and Fengjing boars averaged 1.2 to 1.8 more nipples than pigs sired by Duroc and Minzhu boars (P less than .05). Minzhu-sired pigs had a lower (P less than .05) survival rate to 14 and 28 d of age than did those sired by Meishan, Fengjing, and Duroc. Fengjing-sired pigs were heavier than Minzhu-sired pigs at birth and heavier than Minzhu- and Duroc-sired pigs at 14, 28, and 56 d of age (P less than .05). At 70 d of age, Meishan-sired pigs were heaviest, followed in order by Fengjing-, Duroc-, and Minzhu-sired pigs. At 98 d of age, Meishan-sired pigs were significantly heavier than all other breed groups and Duroc-sired pigs were significantly heavier than Minzhu-sired pigs. At 126 and 154 d of age, Duroc-sired pigs were heaviest, followed in order by Meishan-, Fengjing-, and Minzhu-sired pigs; all differences were significant. Average backfat thickness of gilts at 99.7 kg was least for Duroc-sired gilts and highest for Meishan-sired gilts. Sire breed groups did not differ significantly in feed efficiency from 70 to 98 d of age. Duroc-sired pigs were the most efficient (P less than .05) from 98 to 126 and 126 to 154 d of age. Results indicate that use of these Chinese breeds in crossbreeding programs will decrease performance traits. This decrease would have to be offset by increases in reproductive efficiency of Chinese sows, use of repartitioning agents, or other management techniques if Chinese pigs are to improve overall production efficiency of a crossbreeding program. 相似文献