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1.
Groups of 0+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts were transferred to duplicate seawater tanks, and subjected to five different ration levels, 0% (starved), 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% (full fed). Waste feed was collected after each meal. After six weeks all groups were re-fed in excess. During the trial period body weight and length increased significantly in the 50, 75 and 100% groups, while no significant changes in body weight were observed in the 0% and 25% groups. A significant decrease in SGR was observed in the 0 and 25% groups during the first month in sea water. After re-feeding, SGR increased in all groups. All groups, except the previously starved group, showed peak SGR between weeks 6–8 and 8–12. Food restriction at 0% and 25% of full ration for a period of six weeks resulted in significant osmotic disturbances. After six weeks in sea water, plasma Cl− levels were higher in the 0% group than in the other groups. Branchial Na+,K+-ATPase activity increased in all groups following exposure to seawater. Re-feeding caused a transient increase in branchial Na+,K+-ATPase activity after two weeks in the previously starved group, with a concurrent reduction in plasma Cl− levels. Previous exposure to different ration levels significantly influenced growth rate and mean body size. Compensatory growth and partial size compensation was seen in the 0, 25 and 50% feed deprivation groups, whereas full size compensation was found in the 75% group.  相似文献   

2.
饥饿和恢复投喂对翘嘴鲌幼鱼摄食、生长及体成分的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
研究了在20.3~24.8℃条件下分别饥饿0 d、4 d、8 d、12 d和16 d后恢复投喂16 d对翘嘴鲌(Culter al-burnus)幼鱼摄食、生长及体成分的影响。结果显示:随着饥饿时间延长,幼鱼体质量损失率显著增大;肝体指数变小,水分和灰分含量逐渐升高;粗脂肪含量在饥饿前期下降较快,饥饿后期下降速率降低,各饥饿组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);粗蛋白含量饥饿前期下降缓慢,饥饿4 d、8 d组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),饥饿后期下降明显,饥饿12 d、16 d组与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05);比能值不断下降,除饥饿4 d组外,各饥饿组与对照组都有显著差异(P<0.05)。恢复投喂后,各饥饿组鱼体生化组成和鱼体比能值均恢复至对照组水平,恢复投喂期间各饥饿处理组的摄食率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明:饥饿4 d、8 d组翘嘴鲌幼鱼具有完全补偿生长能力;饥饿12 d、16 d幼鱼仅有部分补偿生长能力。  相似文献   

3.
饥饿和补偿生长对点带石斑鱼幼鱼摄食和生长的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在水温29.2±0.2℃条件下,对点带石斑鱼幼鱼(1.832±0.03 g)进行了不同时间的饥饿后再供食的恢复生长试验。对照组(S0)持续投喂30 d,饥饿组S2、S4、S6、S8和S10分别饥饿2 d、4 d、6 d、8 d和10 d后再分别恢复投喂28 d、26 d、24 d、22 d和20 d。结果表明:饥饿组在恢复投喂后,体重迅速增重,且S2的体重超过了S0,但两者体重差异不显著(P>0.05),而其他各饥饿组的体重均显著低于S0和S2组(P<0.05)。点带石斑鱼经饥饿再恢复投喂,其特殊生长率和摄食率均显著高于S0(P<0.05);食物转化率呈波动变化,各饥饿组的食物转化率大部分均低于S0。比较分析认为,S2为完全补偿生长,其他各试验组为部分补偿生长,且这种补偿生长效应主要是通过恢复生长阶段提高摄食水平来实现。  相似文献   

4.
不同循环饥饿投喂模式对尼罗罗非鱼补偿生长的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
李建  王琨  陈建春  叶继丹 《水产学报》2014,38(6):869-876
为了探讨尼罗罗非鱼对不同循环饥饿投喂模式的补偿生长效应,本实验分别采用每天投喂(S0)及饥饿1 d+投喂3 d(S1F3)、饥饿1 d+投喂5 d(S1F5)、饥饿1 d+投喂7 d(S1F7)、饥饿2 d+投喂3 d(S2F3)、饥饿2 d+投喂5 d(S2F5)和饥饿2 d+投喂7 d(S2F7)6种不同的循环投喂模式,用含33%蛋白质和8%脂肪的饲料饲养尼罗罗非鱼(均重13.50 g),饲喂期为43 d。结果显示,S0组的增重率(806.74%)最高,与S1F3、S1F5和S1F7组差异不显著,但分别比S2F3、S2F5和S2F7组显著提高40.3%、33.6%和10.4%;S0组的特定生长率最低(5.36%),显著低于其他各组;与对照组相比,采用循环投喂模式没有改善饲料转化率和蛋白质效率,但却能明显提高日摄食率;各实验处理组肝体比、脏体比、肥满度、鱼体灰分含量、肌肉RNA/DNA比值及血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和尿素氮含量与对照组差异不显著;S1F3、S1F5和S1F7组鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量、血清甘油三酯含量及血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性与S0组差异不显著,但S2F3、S2F5和S2F7组鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量及血清甘油三酯含量显著低于S0组,血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于S0组。研究表明,尼罗罗非鱼在S1F3、S1F5和S1F7模式下获得了完全补偿生长,而在S2F3、S2F5和S2F7模式下仅获得了部分补偿生长,且均是通过提高恢复投喂期间的摄食量来实现补偿生长。在获得完全补偿生长的3组中,S1F3组的实际投喂天数最短,仅为33 d,比每天投喂模式缩短了23.3%,因此在本实验条件下,饥饿1 d+投喂3 d是最佳的循环饥饿投喂模式。  相似文献   

5.
This study assessed the effect of starvation on survival and nutritional status of newborn juveniles H. erectus (<10 days) to optimize rearing protocols, thereby helping to reduce wildlife exploitation. Maximum starvation time (MST) was estimated through the survival of juveniles continuously starved from birth. Resistance to starvation and the effect of food re‐introduction after 1, 2, 4 and 6 days of starvation on survival and metabolite concentrations (total proteins, total lipids, acylglycerides, cholesterol, glucose) were also determined. Survival amongst continuously starved animals decreased from 6.6 ± 0.5 to 0% from days 9 to 10 of starvation. Seahorses under different starvation–refeeding treatments all had 100% survival up to day 5 of experiments. After 10 days, however, a 4‐day starvation period followed by refeeding showed negative effects with <50% survival. During continuous starvation, lipids were the first energy reserve used to maintain basal metabolism, followed by proteins. Except for cholesterol, all metabolite concentrations differed between continuous starvations and feeding. Despite high seahorse survival after 5 days in the absence of food, the recovery of the metabolic status is possible after a starvation period of no more than 2 days, since irreversible physiological changes compromising the ultimate survival of the organisms take place after this time.  相似文献   

6.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of restrictive and cyclical feeding on the growth parameters of dolphin cichlid (Cyrtocara moorii Boulenger, 1902). In the study, 300 dolphin cichlid with an initial average weight of 1.12 ± 0.23 g were placed in 15 aquariums (each of them were 60 L). The five experimental groups, were designed as; the control group (A), feeding until satiation twice a day for 90 days, starvation for 1 week (B), starvation for 2 weeks (C), starvation for 1 day/satiation for 3 days (D), starvation for 1 day/satiation for 1 day (E); and the study was carried out in three repetitions. At the end of the study, groups B, C and D showed partial compensatory growth. The highest weight gains and specific growth rates were observed in control group (A), followed by groups B, C and D (p > 0.05). The lowest weight gain was observed in group E (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio did not show any significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). In terms of feed consumption ratio, Control, C and D groups consumed similar amounts of feed (p > 0.05), while B and E groups consumed less feed (p < 0.05) than the other groups.  相似文献   

7.
Triplicate groups of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (10.4 g), were distributed among 27 tanks (12 fish per tank) and reared in flow‐through seawater. A factorial experiment (3 × 3) was designed to include a continuously fed control group and two cycled starvation groups: 1 + 3 (starved 1 d, fed 3 d), 1 + 5 (starved 1 d, fed 5 d). Each of the feeding groups was subjected to one of three feeding frequencies (2, 4, and 6 times per day) over the 60‐d experiment duration. The average final weight of fish in 1 + 3 and 1 + 5 groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. Partial compensation was observed in the starved groups subjected to any of the three feeding frequencies. Regardless of the feeding frequency, control fish consumed less feed than the starved groups. The highest body protein content was found in the control group. The rate of oxygen consumption significantly increased 30 min after the feeding and the magnitude of the effect increased with the feeding frequency. These results suggest that the present cycling starvation schedules did not invoke a full compensation in gilthead sea bream.  相似文献   

8.
Incomplete eye migration is one of the major problems in intensive production of juvenile Atlantic halibut. More than 60% of an average juvenile population reared according to best practice suffers from this abnormality. In commercial production, these fish are discharged and represent a substantial economic loss and a large welfare problem. In the present investigation it is demonstrated that by controlling diurnal light and darkness periods together with a meal based feeding regime, incomplete eye migration can be dramatically reduced in production systems for Atlantic halibut.Control groups were reared under continuous light conditions, whereas the experimental groups were given 7 h of darkness and 17 h of light during a 24 hour cycle, in a period lasting from 12 to 35 days post first-feeding. Otherwise both groups were reared under continuous light conditions. All larvae were fed short time enriched Artemia supplied two times daily.The experimental conditions did not affect the overall growth or survival up to day 85 after first feeding. However, 27 ± 3% of the fry reared under continuous light conditions had complete eye migration, whereas in juveniles reared under shifting light and darkness conditions, complete eye migration was 85 ± 7%. These results represent a major improvement in production systems for Atlantic halibut juveniles.  相似文献   

9.
饥饿和补偿生长对史氏鲟幼鱼摄食、生长和体成分的影响   总被引：18，自引：8，他引：18  
高露姣 《水产学报》2004,28(3):279-284
报道了饥饿和再投喂对史氏鲟幼鱼摄食、生长以及生化组成的影响.22±2℃条件下,随着饥饿时间延长,幼鱼白肌的RNA/DNA比值不断减小,体重逐渐下降,后者与同期对照组之间存在极显著性差异(P<0.01).饥饿7d,鱼的肝糖原和肌糖原含量显著降低(P<0.05),但随着饥饿时间的延长,肝糖原和肌糖原含量则出现不同程度的回升;脂肪含量和蛋白质含量分别在饥饿14d和21d时下降幅度最大,提示史氏鲟幼鱼动用储存物质的顺序依次是糖原、脂肪和蛋白质.而饥饿过程中鱼体水分和灰分含量则有所上升.恢复投食后,饥饿幼鱼的摄食强度增大,生长加快,其中7d、14d饥饿组幼鱼的RNA/DNA比值达到或接近正常投喂组水平,但21d饥饿组的比值仍明显低于正常投喂组(P<0.05).恢复投食30d后,7d和14d饥饿组幼鱼体重接近对照组(P>0.05),21d饥饿组的终体重未能赶上对照组(P<0.05),这表明史氏鲟幼鱼的补偿生长随饥饿时间不同而异.试验结束时,各处理组鱼体生化组成与正常投喂组没有显著差异(P>0.05).  相似文献   

10.
Low feed consumption has been suggested as a major impediment for the development of effective formulated diets for spiny lobsters. To seek an explanation for the low feed consumption, this study compared the feed consumption, appetite revival, foregut evacuation and fecal production of different sizes of spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii juveniles fed a fresh natural diet (i.e. mussel flesh) and a dry formulated diet. In addition, the effect of feeding frequency was determined by feeding juvenile lobsters the same ration of formulated diet at different time intervals. i.e., same ration delivered 3 week− 1, 1 day− 1, 2 day− 1, 5 day− 1 and 5 night− 1. Lobster (10–15 g) growth and feed consumption (1.15% BW day− 1) was maximized when receiving a single ration daily of the formulated diet. A slow appetite revival (AR > 18 h) on the formulated diet was consistent with the negative effect of increasing feeding frequency on growth and consumption. In addition, there appeared to be no major advantage in dry matter intake by providing the nutrient dense dry formulated diet to Jasus edwardsii. Lobsters fed fresh mussel flesh (79.8% moisture) consumed similar levels of dry matter as those lobsters fed the dry formulated feed (7.3% moisture). This appears to be due to high moisture gain and expansion of the dry feed in the lobster foregut. Foregut evacuation lasted 10 h for the two diets but a delay in initial foregut evacuation and processing of the formulated diet was evident, and may have negatively affected feed consumption, appetite revival and dry matter digestibility (61.2%) of the dry formulated diet compared to the mussel flesh diet (89.2%). Appetite revival on mussel flesh was almost complete by 12 h after a satiation ration and was governed primarily by the rate of foregut evacuation. Differences in the timing of foregut evacuation and fecal production between the two diets suggested that a greater proportion of the formulated diet entered the midgut directly.The results indicate that J. edwardsii cannot achieve high levels of feed consumption on formulated diets because gut throughput is reduced due to a small foregut capacity, expansion of the feed post-ingestion, lengthy foregut filling time (1–2 h) and clearance time (10 h), combined with slow gut throughput time (34–42 h) and appetite revival (> 18 h). A slow appetite revival and difficulties in processing and digestion of formulated diets appear as major issues to be resolved to improve the performance of formulated diets required for the commercial aquaculture of J. edwardsii and possibly other spiny lobsters.  相似文献   

11.
The ability of Loligo opalescens paralarvae to resist and recover from starvation was examined by measuring their survival, growth rate and RNA/DNA ratios during starvation and refeeding. Paralarvae were fed Artemia sp. nauplii, zooplankton and mysid shrimp. Fourteen days after hatching they were separated into five feeding treatments: a control treatment (food was always available) and treatments starved for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days, and then refed. Each day, 5–7 paralarvae from each treatment were anesthetized to measure mantle length and wet weight (WW), and then RNA and DNA were extracted using an ethidium bromide fluorometric technique. Paralarvae did not survive 4 and 5 days of starvation, showing that at 15 days of age and at 16 °C the limit to recovery was 3 days of starvation. Paralarvae starved for 2 and 3 days showed compensatory growth that mitigated the effects of starvation, in that at the end of the experiment (10 days), they attained mean final body weights similar to the control treatment. Differences in the RNA/DNA ratios between control and starved paralarvae were detected within 2 days of food deprivation. For paralarvae starved 2 and 3 days, it took 1 day after refeeding to attain RNA/DNA ratios not significantly different from the control treatment. Additionally, RNA/DNA ratios were highest during the day (0800, 1200, 1600 h) and lowest at night (0000, 0400 h), suggesting daytime feeding activity. Growth rates ranged from − 14% to 21% WW day− 1 and the resulting equation between RNA/DNA ratio and growth rate (GR) of paralarvae was GR = 1.74 RNA/DNA − 11.79 (R2 = 0.70). After starvation, there was a reduction in growth variability in all starved treatments, while growth variability remained high in the control treatment. Findings from the present study indicate that nucleic acids are a valid indicator of nutritional condition and growth in squid paralarvae.  相似文献   

12.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate compensatory growth of juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (initial weight 9.56 ± 0.12 g) in fifteen 300 L indoors flow‐through circular fibreglass tanks. Feeding regimes was designed as follows: the control group (fed continuously), and S1, S2, S3 and S4 groups experienced 1, 2, 3 and 4 days of feed deprivation and then refeeding for the remaining days per week respectively. Changes in body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were examined biweekly during the trial. At the end of the cyclical feeding periods, survival was not significantly affected by feeding strategy (P > 0.05). Final body weight of fish in S1 group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05) after an 8 weeks trial, and fish in the S2 group reached the same body weight of the control fish (P > 0.05), however, the growth data in the S3 and S4 groups could not catch‐up with the control treatment (P < 0.05). In the first 4 weeks, SGR values of fish with feed deprivation more than 2 days per week were inferior to those of control group (P < 0.05); however, no significant differences of SGR were observed among the groups for the last 4 weeks (P > 0.05). FI increased significantly with the starvation days increasing during the whole feeding trial (P < 0.05). At the periods 2, 4 and 6 weeks, FER values increased significantly with increasing feed‐deprivation days up to S2 group and then levelled off (P < 0.05); however, FER in S2 group was only higher than that in S0 and S1, but no significant differences were found among the other treatments at the end of week 8. Significant differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein among the treatments, while ADCs of crude lipid were unaffected. Protein and lipid contents in whole body and dorsal muscle showed declining tendency with increasing food deprivation days, while moisture contents tended to increase (P < 0.05). Serum parameters were markedly affected by feeding regimes except for total protein concentration and thyroxine level. The present results indicated that starvation for 1 and 2 days per week of juvenile black sea bream could achieve over‐compensation and complete compensation respectively. However, in case of longer term feed restriction regime, fish failed to obtain good growth performance.  相似文献   

13.
为探究延迟首次投喂对乌江中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)仔鱼补偿生长、消化酶活性及饵料日转化率的影响,对肠道贯通后的仔鱼进行了不同饥饿天数(H0、H1、H3、H5、H7、H9、H11)后补偿投喂17 d的实验。结果显示,全长和体重的损失率随饥饿时间的延长而增加。补偿投喂后,全长补偿率在H9组以后明显下降,体重补偿率在各实验组间无明显差异。各组全长和体重的特定生长率都呈波动性变化趋势,且实验后期各实验组都大于正常组都存在显著性差异。全长、体重及特定生长率的变化表明该饥饿仔鱼补偿投喂后能完成部分补偿生长。饥饿处理中,淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶随饥饿时间都呈下降趋势,脂肪酶呈先上升后下降趋势,补偿投喂后,除了淀粉酶呈先上升后下降外,其余三种酶都呈上升趋势。各组在饥饿处理下消化酶活性在实验后期与正常组存在显著差异,再投喂后与正常组差异不显著。各组在再投喂后的饵料日转化率随补偿时间呈不规则上升,但都无法恢复到正常投喂水平。综上,延迟首次投喂对中华倒刺鲃仔鱼补偿生长、消化酶活性及饵料转化都存在不同程度的影响。  相似文献   

14.
In a small‐scale culture experiment, larval haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus L., were raised under various combinations of light quality [blue (470 nm), green (530 nm) or full‐spectrum white light] and light intensity [low (0.3–0.4 µmol  s?1  m?2) or high (1.7–1.9 µmol  s?1  m?2)], and in total darkness (both fed, and starved). Larval growth (0.9% day?1 in standard length; 2.4% day?1 in body area) was not significantly different between any combination of coloured light. At the time of total mortality in the starved treatment, survival was significantly reduced under low intensity, full‐spectrum white light (13%) vs. all other coloured light treatments (68%). Larvae raised under both continuous dark treatments (fed and starved) exhibited morphological changes associated with irreversible starvation (point‐of‐no‐return). Lack of a pronounced effect of light quality on larval haddock growth probably results from a combination of plasticity in early larval vision, and enhanced encounter rates between larvae and prey at the relatively high prey densities used in aquaculture.  相似文献   

15.
In order to study the possible interactive effects of salinity and photoperiod on growth, feed conversion, and blood chemistry in juvenile halibut, 2,604 (initial mean weight 26.8 g ± 0.2 SEM) juvenile halibut were exposed to six different combinations of salinities (13, 21, or 27‰) and photoperiods [continuous light, C and simulated natural photoperiod (65°N), SNP] for 129 days. Improved (10–20%) growth and 10–24% higher feed conversion efficiency were observed at low and intermediate salinities compared to the high salinity groups. Improved feed conversion efficiency (20%) and temporary growth enhancing effects (10%) of continuous light were observed, but effects faded out as day length in the simulated natural photoperiod group increased. No interactive effects of photoperiod and salinity on growth feed conversion or measured blood chemistry variables (blood sodium, pH level, haematocrit, bicarbonate content, and total carbon dioxide). It is suggested that juvenile Atlantic halibut should be reared at low and intermediate salinities and at continuous light, as this will improve growth and increase feed conversion efficiency.  相似文献   

16.
The time of first feeding is an important factor for establishing successful exogenous feeding in aquaculture hatcheries as it is crucial for larval survival and growth. The effects of delayed first feeding by the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus larvae were investigated. Groups of larvae were fed immediately after completion of the digestive tract (fed control) or starved for 24, 48, 72, 108 and 120 h post fertilization. The growth rates of A. japonicus larvae were the same as those of the control group when first feeding was delayed for less than 72 h. When the period of starvation was beyond 72 h, growth rates were reduced. The fed control group had the highest percentage of late auricularia larvae (70.0%) on day 11, followed by the groups starved for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, which had 35.00%, 43.48% and 41.67% of late auricularia larvae. When larvae were starved for more than 72 h, the percentage of late auricularia larvae never exceeded 12.0%. Most larvae halted in development and were deformed before reaching metamorphosis when starved for 108 and 120 h. Prolonged exposure to starvation (more than 48 h) resulted in a significant decrease in percentage of larvae reaching settlement. The point‐of‐no‐return (PNR) of A. japonicus larvae was calculated 110.4 h. Ratios of stomach length to total length, stomach width to total width were more sensitive to starvation than other larval morphometrics. To avoid mortality and obtain adequate growth and development, A. japonicus larvae in commercial culture should be fed within 48 h of the completion of the digestive tract.  相似文献   

17.
Juvenile soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) were fed diets containing 10 levels (0.8, 3.0, 5.0, 7.8, 9.0, 10.9, 20.4, 41.8, 78.6, 158 mg/kg diet) of copper (Cu) for 16 weeks. Turtles fed 5.0 mg Cu/kg achieved the best growth performance and the highest hematological values among all dietary groups. Growth was reduced significantly when dietary copper exceeded 20 mg/kg. Using the broken-line model with growth and hematological parameters as the dependent variables, the dietary Cu requirement of soft-shelled turtle was estimated to be 4.4–4.8 mg Cu/kg diet. Copper, iron, zinc and selenium concentrations in turtle liver were found to be influenced by dietary Cu level. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in liver tissue of turtles fed diets containing 78.6–158 mg Cu/kg were higher (P < 0.05) than those fed diets containing less copper. Furthermore, diets containing more than 20 mg Cu/kg significantly impaired growth and hematology of soft-shelled turtles, indicating the dietary Cu tolerance above the requirement may be as low as 4 fold (20 vs. 5 mg/kg). Based on the results of this study, a dietary Cu level of 4–5 mg/kg is recommended for soft-shelled turtles.  相似文献   

18.
In this study, effects of grape Vitis vinifera seed oil supplementation (0, 250 mg, 500 mg, 1,000 mg/kg feed) for 60 days on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles were investigated. The average final fish weights were not different between the control group and 500 mg/kg feed group (p > .05), but 250 mg/kg feed group were lower than those of the control group, and 1,000 mg/kg feed group were higher than those of the control group. Although the SFA, MUFA and n3 ratios of the control group were higher than that of the other groups, no statistical difference was found. The highest fatty acids in the fish were palmitic acid C 16: 0 in the SFA group and C 18: 1n‐9 and docosahexaenoic acid C 22: 6n‐3 in the PUFA group. The EPA ratio was significantly increased in all groups compared with the control group. The DHA ratio was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental groups, and there was no difference between the experimental groups. Urea were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg feed group. Total protein and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly increased in the 1,000 mg/kg feed group. Only the 1,000 mg/kg feed group showed an increase in antioxidant activities, and this concentration also yielded positive results in terms of growth performance, survival rates, fatty acid composition and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout juvenile and can be used as a natural feed additive.  相似文献   

19.
This study investigated the effect of placing a self-feeding trigger at either a) 1 cm below the water surface or b) mid-water (35 cm below the surface), on self-feeder usage, growth, feed wastage and fin damage of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The vertical distribution of trout was also measured for the first 31 days of self-feeding. Group-held trout (n = 10 fish group− 1, 5 groups treatment− 1), weighing 51.06 g ± 8.09 g (mean ± SD) were held in 200 l cylindroconical tanks (depth = 75 cm) for 62 days. Trigger placement had no significant effect upon self-feeder conditioning, and upper trigger group (UTG) and lower trigger group (LTG) fish took an average of 16 ± 7.4 days and 14 ± 9.8 days to reach a stable level of self-feeding, respectively. Specific growth rate was significantly higher in UTG fish (1.83 ± 0.20 vs. 0.95 ± 0.21 for UTG vs. LTG fish, respectively) whilst condition factor and self-feeder utilisation (ration size, 1.21 ± 0.18 vs. 0.52 ± 0.15 kg tank− 1 for UTG vs. LTG fish) were also significantly higher in UTG fish. Trigger depth had no significant effect on size heterogeneity, mortality, feed wastage, feed conversion ratio (FCR) or the incidence of caudal and dorsal fin splitting and fin erosion. Dorsal fin splitting decreased with time in UTG but not in LTG fish. Caudal fin erosion increased with time in UTG (upper lobe only) and LTG (both lobes). The vertical distribution of fish also differed between treatments and more LTG fish preferred the lower part of the tank. Placing a self-feeding trigger at a mid-water depth can significantly limit growth, condition factor and self-feeder utilisation in juvenile rainbow trout, in addition to hindering recovery from dorsal fin erosion.  相似文献   

20.
The effects of alternate starvation and refeeding on food consumption and compensatory growth of hatchery‐bred abalone, Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus), were determined. Two groups of abalone juveniles (mean shell length = 29 mm, body weight = 5 g) were alternately starved and refed a macro‐alga, Gracilariopsis bailinae at equal duration (5/5 or 10/10) over 140 days. A control group (FR) was fed the seaweed ad libitum throughout a 200‐day experimental period. Starved and refed abalone showed slower growth rates (DGR, 63 and 70 mg/day in the 5/5 and 10/10 groups respectively), as a result of reduced food intake (DFI 15% and 16% day?1 respectively), after repeated starvation and refeeding cycles. Percentage weight gains (5/5 = 196%, 10/10 = 177%) were significantly lower than that of the control (397%). When refed continuously over 60 days, the starved groups exhibited increased DFI and fed at the rate of 24% and 25% day?1, which were not significantly different from that of the control at 26% day?1. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences were observed among three treatments in terms of shell length (range: 46–48 mm), body weight (range 25–28 g), % weight gain (392–465%) and per cent survival (range 87–98%). The results indicated that H. asinina had a complete compensatory growth following a return to full rations after a series of intermittent starvation and refeeding cycles.  相似文献   

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