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1.
褐飞虱对氟虫腈和新烟碱类药剂的抗性动态变化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
于2006-2008年采用稻茎浸渍法监测了我国主要水稻种植区大田褐飞虱种群对苯基吡唑类杀虫剂(氟虫腈)、新烟碱类及昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂(噻嗪酮)的抗性动态变化。结果表明,2008年褐飞虱对氟虫腈的抗性水平随其迁飞途径而出现急剧上升态势,其中,从我国南方稻区迁入长江中下游流域等6省10地种群和回迁至广东韶山、深圳两种群对氟虫腈抗性分别上升至中等水平抗性(15.0～32.5倍)和高水平抗性(66.9～73.7倍),明显高于2006年5省6地(2.6～5.8倍)和2007年9省11地(3.2～8.4倍)大田褐飞虱种群的抗性水平。上述结果预示2009年、2010年两年在全国稻区可能暴发褐飞虱对氟虫腈更高水平的抗性。自从2005年10-11月褐飞虱对新烟碱类的吡虫啉产生极高水平抗性(277～811倍)以来,近3年来抗性虽有一定程度下降,但仍处于高水平-极高水平抗性阶段,其中,2008年我国8省13地褐飞虱种群的抗性仍高达210.1～381.7倍。褐飞虱对其他的新烟碱类药剂噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺和呋虫胺的抗性水平分别为2.0～15.8、0.7～4.8和0.6～2.8倍。褐飞虱对噻嗪酮为敏感到中等水平抗性(3.0～11.9倍)。近几年来大量、广泛使用氟虫腈防治褐飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟两类迁飞性害虫是褐飞虱对其暴发抗性的重要原因。因此,必须及时制定全国范围防治两类迁飞性害虫的交替轮换用药抗性治理对策方案,才能延缓褐飞虱抗性的再次暴发。 相似文献
2.
室内抗性筛选表明,褐飞虱对甲胺磷抗性的发展呈不规则的“S”形：第5代前抗性上升很慢,第5~15代间迅速上升,第15代后上升变慢。酯酶在抗药性上升中可能起着十分重要作用,随着抗性的上升,酯酶和个体酶活分布都向高活性发展。敏感种群、田间种群及其筛选世代F[sub]5[/sub]、F[sub]10[/sub]和F[sub]15[/sub]的酯酶活性与抗性倍数具有显著的相关性,相关系数达到0.98993。多功能氧化酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶在抗性发展中也可能起到一定作用,但活性的上升都集中在第10代之前,第10代之后变化不大。 相似文献
3.
毒死蜱对灰飞虱抗性和敏感种群的亚致死效应比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为比较亚致死剂量毒死蜱对灰飞虱抗性和敏感品系种群动态的影响,采用生命表构建法研究了两个品系在亚致死剂量处理下种群生命参数的变化。结果表明,亚致死剂量（LC14）毒死蜱对抗性和敏感品系种群的发展均有明显的抑制作用。与对照相比,抗性和敏感品系若虫死亡率显著上升,发育历期延长,成虫寿命缩短,繁殖力下降,内禀增长率以及相对适合度下降。而且LC14剂量毒死蜱对抗性品系的影响小于敏感品系。药剂处理后,抗性品系繁殖力下降19.89%,明显低于敏感品系（38.29%）;相对适合度下降24%,也低于敏感品系（48%）。 相似文献
4.
水稻飞虱对十三种杀虫剂的抗性监测 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
1987～1991年选用有机磷、有机氮和拟除虫菊酯类十三种杀虫剂对白背飞虱和褐飞虱用国际统一标准毒力测定点滴法进行抗药性监测。结果表明:1)白背飞虱和褐飞虱对呋喃丹最为敏感,对马拉硫磷敏感度最低。LD_(50)值相差上百倍。因两种飞虱均属迁飞性害虫,年度间的测定结果稍有波动。2)白背飞虱抗药性发展比褐飞虱快,在测定方法和供试昆虫条件基本相同的情况下,将1990年所测几种药剂的LD_(50)与日本Nagata(1967)测定数据进行比较,浙江省白背飞虱种群对马拉硫磷的抗性差异高达110.56倍,对杀螟松为48.90倍;褐飞虱种群对马拉硫磷、杀螟松的抗性分别相差11.61倍和6.11倍。3)褐飞虱种群对药剂的敏感度与当地用药水平呈负相关。4)有机磷类不同品种杀虫剂对两种飞虱的毒力差异较大,毒力较高的久效磷的LD_(50)值与毒力较低的马拉硫磷的LD_(50)相差数十倍。 相似文献
5.
水稻飞虱对十三种杀虫剂的抗性监测 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
1987～1991年选用有机磷、有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类十三种杀虫剂对白背飞虱和褐飞虱用国际统一标准毒力测定点滴法进行抗药性监涮。结果表明：1)白背飞虱和褐飞虱对呋喃丹最为敏感。对马拉硫磷敏感度最低,LD50值相差上百倍。因两种飞虱均属迁飞性害虫,年度间的测定结果稍有波动;2) 白背飞虱抗药性发展比褐飞虱快,在测定方法和供试昆虫条件基本相同的情况下, 将1990年所测几种药剂的LD50与Nagata (1967)测定的数据进行比较。浙江省白背飞虱种群对马拉硫磷的抗性差异高达1lO．56倍, 对杀螟松为48.90倍;褐飞虱种群对马拉硫磷、杀螟松的抗性分别相差11.61倍和6．11倍。3)褐飞虱种群对药剂的敏感度与当地用药水平呈负相关。4) 有机磷类不同品种杀虫剂对两种飞虱的毒力差异较大。毒力较高的久效磷的LD50值与毒力较低的马拉硫磷的LD50值相差数十倍。 相似文献
6.
我国主要稻区褐飞虱对常用杀虫剂的抗性监测 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
为了明确目前褐飞虱对常用药剂的抗性现状,以便制定防治褐飞虱的科学用药策略,于2010-2011年间,在室内采用稻茎浸渍法监测了我国主要稻区19个褐飞虱种群对五种常用杀虫剂的抗性。结果表明,2010年全部监测种群对噻嗪酮均处于中等水平抗性(RR为11.3～23.4倍),2011年除广西桂林、江西上高2个褐飞虱种群为中等水平抗性(15.3～19.7倍)外,其他80%监测种群均已达高水平抗性(40.7～119.7倍),抗性明显上升;两年19个褐飞虱监测种群对吡虫啉均为高到极高水平抗性(82.3～1935.8倍),与2006-2009年相比,吡虫啉抗性有再次升高趋势;2010年褐飞虱对噻虫嗪的抗性为低到中等水平抗性(6.1～14.4倍),2011年除广西桂林种群为低水平抗性外,其他8个种群均为中到高水平抗性(12.8～62.3倍),较前一年明显上升;两年18个监测种群对毒死蜱均处于敏感到低水平抗性阶段;对吡蚜酮的抗性2010年7个监测种群为敏感-低水平抗性(1.9～5.1倍),2011年全部褐飞虱监测种群均已达中等水平抗性(15.7～25.4倍),暗示随着吡蚜酮的大量广泛使用,褐飞虱对其抗性较高,需要引起生产上的密切关注。为科学治理水稻褐飞虱,应严格执行无交互抗性的杀虫剂间的合理轮用或混用。 相似文献
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1996-2007年间采用稻茎浸渍法测定了我国8省(区)27个褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮的敏感性。 在1996-2002年间, 江苏\[江浦(JPZY)、仪征(YZZY)和南通(NTZY)\]、安徽\[安庆(AQNS)\]、广西\[南宁(GXNY)和桂林(GLNS)\]褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮均为敏感至敏感性下降 (抗性倍数为0.3~3.5倍)。 在2005-2007年间,监测到江苏 \[江浦(JPZY), 2005年\]和海南\[陵水(HNLS),2007年\]褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮达中等水平抗性(抗性倍数分别为28.8倍和19.4倍);其余种群如广西\[南宁(GXNY)和桂林(GLNS)\]、湖南\[常德(CDTY)\]、浙江\[余姚(YYLJ)\]、江西\[新建(XJSM)\]、安徽\[和县(HXLY)、潜山(QSMC)\]及江苏\[南通(NTZY)\]等地褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮为低水平抗性(抗性倍数为5.6~9.1倍);而江西\[上高(SGMS)\]、浙江\[兰溪(LXYC)\]和湖北\[孝感(XGXC)\]3个褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮仍为敏感至敏感性下降(抗性倍数2.5~4.1倍)。室内饲养22代,用噻嗪酮对1996年采自安徽\[安庆(AQNS)\]的褐飞虱间断筛选13代,它的LC50下降了30%,筛选前后抗性水平没有明显差异;随后连续筛选15代,抗性倍数达1157.7倍。上述结果表明,褐飞虱对噻嗪酮已产生低到中等水平抗性,如果连续单一使用噻嗪酮,褐飞虱将具有产生高水平抗性的风险。此外,还对褐飞虱的抗性治理进行了讨论。 相似文献
8.
比较研究了采自菲律宾国际水稻研究所室内长期用水稻抗性品种Mudgo驯化的褐飞虱生物型2和从广西田间褐飞虱种群中分离获得的田间生物型2的致害性、在不同抗性品种上的生长发育和生殖等特性。结果表明室内和田间生物型2对Mudgo和IR26的致害能力相同,即两者均能成功地致害含[WTBX][STBX]Bph1[WTBZ][STBZ]基因的水稻品种,但田间生物型2对ASD7和IR36的致害性明显比室内生物型2强,说明两者在具有抗性[WTBX][STBX]bph2[WTBZ][STBZ]的水稻品种上的致害性有差异。取食不同抗性品种时,田间生物型2的若虫历期均比取食相同品种的室内生物型2短,两个生物型2在取食ASD7时的若虫历期最长、存活率最低、雌成虫体重最轻、产卵量和蜜露量最少、种群增长指数和营养指数最低。取食IR26的田间生物型2的若虫存活指数和种群增长指数均明显高于取食IR26的室内生物型2的指数,同时也显著高于取食Mudgo的生物型2。建议在进行褐飞虱致害性监测和水稻品种抗性评价时以选用IR26为宜。 相似文献
9.
褐飞虱的再迁飞能力 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过室内模拟试验研究了褐飞虱经过一次远迁降落、取食不同食料后的再迁飞能力。根据吊飞试验测得的飞行能力可将褐飞虱种群分为居留型（小于20 min）、迁飞型（20 min以上）、强迁飞型（160 min以上）和再迁飞型（二次吊飞飞行20 min以上）。不同营养条件对褐飞虱的飞行能力和迁飞型的分化有显著影响，早期营养条件好（取食穗期感性水稻品种）的迁飞型比率较低，但迁飞型个体的飞行能力和再迁飞能力均较强。未交配能显著提高再迁飞型比率。自然种群中褐飞虱再迁飞型比率仅占0.84%，吊飞一次后的迁飞型个体再次吊飞时的再迁飞型比率为4.9%，且强迁飞型个体具有较强的再迁飞能力。 相似文献
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YANG Ya-jun DONG Bi-qin XU Hong-xing ZHENG Xu-song K. L. HEONG LU Zhong-xian 《水稻科学》2014,21(3):181-186
A population of rice brown planthopper(BPH) Nilaparvata lugens collected from a paddy field in Hangzhou was successively reared on susceptible rice Taichung Native 1(TN1) in a laboratory free from insecticides for more than 14 generations. The changes in susceptibility to insecticides and ecological fitness on different resistant rice varieties were monitored in each generation. The resistance ratio to imidacloprid sharply declined with the succession of rearing generations without insecticides from 359.94-fold at F1 to 6.50-fold at F14 compared with the susceptible strain, and the resistance ratio to chlorpyrifos was from 9.90-fold at F1 to 5.94-fold at F14. Nymphal duration and weights of newly hatched female adults were significantly affected by rice variety, generation and their interactions, but nymphal survival was significantly affected by the generation only. The ratio of brachypterous adults in males was affected by the generation and generation × variety interaction, whereas no difference was found in females. Nymphal duration extended with increasing generations, and the female nymphal duration was shorter in the susceptible variety TN1 than those in the resistant varieties IR26 and IR36. In addition, the female adult weight in TN1 was higher than those in IR26 and IR36. These results indicated that the resistance of field BPH population to insecticides was reversed after several generations of no-exposure to insecticides, and the ecological fitness in TN1 was higher than those in IR26 and IR36. These findings suggested the rational and reduced use of insecticides in combination with the manipulation of resistant rice varieties would be effective for BPH management. 相似文献
12.
Andrei Alyokhin Galen Dively Megan Patterson Matthew Mahoney David Rogers John Wollam 《American Journal of Potato Research》2006,83(6):485-494
Repeated use of neonicotinoid insecticides has resulted in the first reported cases of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) resistance to imidacloprid. In the laboratory we determined susceptibility of the imidacloprid-resistant Colorado potato beetles from a population in Southern Maine to other insecticides currently registered for use on potato. This population was about 30-fold resistant to imidacloprid and could not be effectively controlled by its applications. Control mortality was significantly higher for the imidacloprid-resistant larvae than for the susceptible larvae, suggesting that fitness disadvantages may be associated with the resistance trait. Resistant larvae exhibited significantly less mortality than susceptible larvae when exposed to cyfluthrin, carbaryl, azinphosmethyl, and methamidophos. Their susceptibility to oxamyl was also somewhat reduced, although it did provide nearly 100% mortality at the highest concentration tested. Disulfoton was highly toxic to the resistant larvae. Oxamyl killed about 40% of the adults in greenhouse assays with potted potato plants, altered their feeding behavior (fewer adults up on plants), and reduced defoliation by more than 90%. Disulfoton was not lethal to adults, but significantly suppressed their feeding. In field trials with the resistant population, oxamyl and imidacloprid + spinosad provided the best beetle control. Novaluron had no detectable effect on beetle densities. There was little difference between the plots treated with imidacloprid or thiamethoxam and the untreated control. Our results suggest that insecticide rotation may be a valuable option for managing imidacloprid-resistant Colorado potato beetle populations. We also had a good consistency between the results of the Petri dish, greenhouse, and field experiments, indicating that screening under laboratory confinement may be useful when developing initial recommendations to potato growers in areas affected by resistance to neonicotinoids. 相似文献
13.
Profenofos, an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor insecticide, has been used for the management of various lepidopteron pests of many crops in Pakistan. In the present study, we investigated the impact of insecticide resistance on fitness cost in Spodoptera litura, and evaluated cross resistance to other insecticides. The effect of profenofos on different life history parameters including survival rate, female ratio, fecundity and hatchability, intrinsic rate of population increase and biotic potential was determined. Significant differences associated with fitness costs were revealed. A field collected S. litura strain was selected by exposure to profenofos in the laboratory (Profen-SEL) and after 14 generations of selection it developed a 52-fold resistance to this insecticide. The Profen-SEL strain showed high cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos (62-fold), but very low to no cross resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (2.34-fold) or methomyl (0.80-fold), respectively. The resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.38 with a low larval survival rate, longer larval duration, longer male pupal duration, longer development time, low emergence rate of healthy adults, fecundity and hatchability compared with an unselected strain. The intrinsic rate of natural population increase, mean relative growth rate and biotic potential were lower for the selected strain compared with an unselected strain. Development of resistance may cause fitness costs for the resistant strain. This study provided important information for understanding profenofos resistance and facilitating a better strategy for the management of resistance. 相似文献
14.
抗氰戊菊酯甜菜夜蛾品系的交互抗性及相对适合度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用氰戊菊酯对采自福建福州的甜菜夜蛾[Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)]进行抗性品系的选育.经连续10代的室内抗性选育,获得抗性倍数达698.5倍的抗性品系(Fen-R),与起始种群相比抗性提高了27.6倍.Fen-R抗性品系对溴氰菊酯具有7.3倍的交互抗性,对三氟氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱、灭多威、氟啶脲和虫螨腈不存在交互抗性.通过构建Fen-R抗性品系、敏感品系(S)的实验种群生命表,比较了一系列生长发育和繁殖特征,并采用净增殖率(R0)来确定其相对适合度.结果表明,Fen-R抗性品系与S品系相比,存在明显的生长发育和繁殖不利性,表现为幼虫发育历期延长、蛹重下降、产卵量和卵孵化率降低,Fen-R抗性品系的适合度为0.53. 相似文献
15.
《Crop Protection》1988,7(1):62-65
Three green peach aphid (GPA) strains, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) obtained from New York, Puerto Rico and Minnesota, were reared on resistant potato hybrid D888-4 and a susceptible cv. Red Pontiac. No significant differences in GPA mortality were observed when aphids were reared on either the resistant or susceptible potato cultivars and later exposed to methamidophos 4EC, pirimicarb 50 WP, azinphos-methyl 2EC or permethrin 2EC. The interaction between the four insecticides × three GPA strains was significant. Of the three aphid strains, those from Minnesota had the lowest susceptibility to permethrin, pirimicarb and azinophos-methyl. No mortality was observed in this GPA strain when tested with azinphosmethyl. 相似文献
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Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) has a worldwide distribution with a high capacity for damaging a wide range of food, forage and fiber crops. It has been reported extensively from all over the world that populations of this pest species have developed field resistance against many insecticides. The objectives of this study were to determine whether an emamectin benzoate resistant field population of S. exigua re-selected with emamectin benzoate in the laboratory (Ema-SEL) showed cross-resistance to other insecticides, whether resistance was stable under laboratory conditions, and whether there were fitness costs associated with emamectin benzoate resistance. Bioassays at G1 for the field population, gave resistance ratios (RRs) of 220, 149 and 38-fold for emamectin benzoate, spinosad and lufenuron, respectively, compared with a susceptible laboratory population (Lab-PK). Resistance ratios were increased by 526-fold and 6-fold compared with Lab-PK and the unselected field population (Ema-UNSEL, G6), respectively after selection with emamectin benzoate (Ema-SEL) for five generations (G6). Selection with emamectin benzoate had no apparent effect on susceptibility of Ema-SEL to spinosad and lufenuron, instead toxicity to the latter insecticides reduced, suggesting there was no cross-resistance between these compounds. Analysis of various life history traits suggested that the Ema-SEL population had a lower overall fitness (0.38) compared with the Lab-PK (1.0). Lack of cross-resistance and the apparent instability of resistance to emamectin benzoate suggest that spinosad and lufenuron are suitable alternatives for use with emamectin benzoate in resistance management. In addition, the high relative fitness costs observed suggests that emamectin benzoate-resistant insects are at a considerable disadvantage to susceptible populations in the absence of selection pressure although this remains to be tested under field conditions. 相似文献
18.
病毒病抗性不同的大豆品种及其F_1代过氧化物酶酯酶同工酶分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究对大豆病毒病抗性不同的大豆杂交亲本及F_1代,接种SMV_1号株系后的过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化进行了分析。结果表明,抗病与感病亲本及其F_1代接种后的同工酶谱带存在着明显的差异。感病亲本及F_1代酶的活性增强,酶带数较多,而且部分酶带变宽,颜色变深。抗病亲本则不发生变化。各组合F_1代的酶谱与双亲有关,抗病×抗病的F_1代酶谱与双亲完全相同,抗病×感病的F_1代酶谱偏向抗性亲本,感病×感病的F_1代产生一个双亲所不具备的小分子新杂种酶带。未接种的感病亲本酶谱与抗病亲本相同。植株内部同工酶的变化与成株抗性相一致。因此,我们认为过氧化物酶同工酶,可作为鉴定大豆抗感病毒病的生化指标之一。 相似文献
19.
The cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) is one of the most important sucking insect pests attacking certain legumes in Egypt particularly faba bean, cowpea and pea. In this study we monitored the resistance level of three field populations of A. craccivora to seven insecticides belonging to three different chemical classes (organophosphates, carbamates and neonicotinoids). The three populations were collected from three governorates in Egypt namely Dakahlia, Qalyobia and Beni Suef. Diagnostic concentrations (LC90 values for susceptible strain) for each insecticide were established using a leaf dipping technique. Resistance monitoring showed that the field population from Dakahlia was highly resistant to all the tested insecticides. In a similar manner, the population from Qalyobia was also resistant to all insecticides except for fenitrothion to which only moderate resistance was observed. The field population from Beni Suef exhibited a lower level of resistance to all the seven tested insecticides.Biochemical assay showed that esterase activity in these three field populations was generally higher as the enzyme activity ratio ranged from 4.3 to 7.8 fold more than that for the susceptible strain. The activity of the other measured detoxifying enzymes (glutathione -S- transferase and mixed function oxidases) was moderate in the populations from Qalyobia and Dakahlia. Nevertheless, the enzyme activity in A. craccivora collected from Beni Suef was variable and differed slightly from the activity measured in the susceptible strain. Monitoring insecticide resistance among the three aphid populations was a proactive approach to detect any shift in insecticide efficiency. The possible occurrence of resistance in the cowpea aphid to the tested insecticides may be due to the higher activity of carboxylesterases. Further studies on the resistance mechanism to these insecticides are needed to provide insights in how to manage and delay the onset of the resistance and thus prolong the performance of insecticides against A. craccivora. 相似文献