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1.
Severe hemorrhagic diathesis caused by hemophilia A (factor VIII:C deficiency) was diagnosed in 2 related Quarter Horse colts. Clinical signs consisted of dyspnea and dysphagia attributable to cranial cervical hematoma in one colt and to intra-abdominal hemorrhage resulting in death of the second colt. Factor VIII:C deficiency, a defect of the intrinsic coagulation pathway, is suggested by results of coagulation studies--prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, normal prothrombin time, and normal primary bleeding time. The diagnosis was confirmed by results of factor VIII:C assays. Hemophilia A is inherited as an X chromosome-linked trait.  相似文献   

2.
Mild hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) was diagnosed in Golden Retrievers and pedigree studies were undertaken to test the cosegregation of an intragenic factor VIII marker with the disease phenotype. The study population consisted of 30 client-owned dogs (22 males and 8 females). Hemophilic males (n = 12) typically demonstrated prolonged bleeding after trauma or surgery rather than spontaneous hemorrhagic events. The affected males had a proportionate reduction in factor VIII coagulant activity (mean FVIII:C = 4%) and factor VIII protein concentration (mean FVIII:Ag = 3%). Twenty-five dogs (10 affected males, 8 clear males, 2 obligate carrier dams, and 5 suspect carrier daughters) were genotyped for a factor VIII microsatellite marker, with allele size assigned by an automated capillary electrophoresis system. Five distinct marker alleles were present in the study pedigree and a 300-base pair allele was found to segregate with the hemophilia A phenotype. The inheritance of the hemophilia-associated allele defined carrier status for 5 suspect daughters of obligate carrier dams. The limitations inherent to linkage analyses (i.e., lack of access to key family members and homozygosity at the marker locus) did not preclude carrier detection in this pedigree. We conclude that genotype analysis for the intragenic factor VIII marker can aid in control of canine hemophilia A through enhanced carrier detection.  相似文献   

3.
Objective – To describe the clinical course of a dog with hemophilia A and circulating factor VIII inhibitors complicating the treatment of postoperative hemorrhage.
Case Summary – A 7-year-old castrated male Japanese Chin with hemophilia A, weighing 6 kg, was presented for dental cleaning, polishing, and extractions. Despite presurgical administration of cryoprecipitate, continuous oral bleeding occurred. Circulating factor VIII inhibitors were detected, and the postoperative hemorrhage was subsequently managed with extensive and prolonged blood component transfusion. The dog was discharged after a full clinical recovery.
New or Unique Information Provided – This case report describes the clinical consequences and successful treatment of postoperative hemorrhage in a dog with hemophilia A and circulating factor VIII inhibitors. A relevant discussion of the management of human patients with circulating factor VIII inhibitors is included.  相似文献   

4.
A coagulopathy with subcutaneous bleeding and muscular or peritracheal/periesophageal bleeding occurred in two male Japanese Brown calves of the same dam. One of the affected calves died three days after the onset of bleeding and the other survived normally until being slaughtered despite once suffering from subcutaneous hematoma. Hemostatic tests of the latter case showed prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and severely reduced factor VIII activity. In addition, von Willebrand factor activity, determined by the human platelet aggregation test, was within the normal range; therefore, the calf was diagnosed with hemophilia A. These are the first bovine cases of hemophilia A definitely diagnosed clinicopathologically.  相似文献   

5.
Hemophilia A is a severe congenital bleeding disorder characterized by subcutaneous hematoma and hemorrhage into muscles resulting from a deficiency of blood coagulation factor VIII. The authors have recently reported two cases of hemophilia A in Japanese Brown cattle and identified a nucleotide substitution in the factor VIII gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution of Leu to His, as a possible cause of the deficiency. In the present study, a simple and effective polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based diagnostic method was developed to identify carriers of this disorder, using a mismatch primer in combination with restriction enzyme digestion. The PCR reaction amplified a 118 bp fragment, which was not digested by the BspT104I restriction enzyme in affected animals but was digested into two fragments in normal animals. Both digested and undigested fragments were observed in carrier animals. This method was applied to identify the carriers of hemophilia A in a population of Japanese Brown cattle. By screening 155 DNA samples from Japanese Brown cattle, except for the dam of the two probands, no carriers were identified. It was therefore concluded that the probands represent isolated cases of hemophilia A, and that the frequency of the mutant allele in the Japanese Brown cattle population is very low.  相似文献   

6.
A case of haemophilia A (classical haemophilia, factor VIII deficiency) in a cat is described. The cat presented with persistent bleeding from an oral wound, and protracted haemorrhage after castration. The diagnosis and management of this case is described. Subsequent investigation of the dam and a recent litter identified a further affected male kitten.  相似文献   

7.
Factor IX deficiency, consistent with hemophilia B, was detected in a 6-month old male Alaskan Malamute with a 2-week history of persistent oozing from an oral wound. Laboratory studies disclosed an intrinsic coagulation defect. Hemophilia A was initially suspected. Further evaluation demonstrated normal factor VIII activity and factor VIII-related antigen, but factor IX activity was only 1.3% of normal.  相似文献   

8.
Clinical data, pedigrees, screening tests (APTT, PT and TT) and specific tests (VIII:C, VIIIC:Ag, VIIIR:Ag and IX:C) were used to diagnose hemophilia A (classical hemophilia) in two colonies of German Shepherd dogs in Denmark. The affected individuals in both colonies were males, and they descended from a common, hemophilic ancestor. All observations were in accordance with X-linked, recessive inheritance. Therapeutic and prophylactic measures are discussed.  相似文献   

9.
A kindred of German shepherd dogs with a moderately severe form of classic hemophilia was studied. The propositus was presented at five months of age because of a persistent hind limb lameness and swelling of the left stifle joint. Unclotted blood was aspirated from the swelling. A brother of this dog's dam had been diagnosed as a hemophiliac.Hemostatic tests were performed on the propositus and on ten available related dogs. On the basis of pedigree analysis, sex and specific factor VIII related activity levels in their plasmas, the dogs were classified as affected, carriers, or unaffected. The propositus and one male relative were identified as classical hemophiliacs and were classified as moderately severely affected on the basis of apparent bleeding tendency and factor VIII procoagulant levels (FVIII:C 8-10% of normal). The propositus' signs were confined to those of lameness and joint soreness and postmortem lesions were confined to a few joints (hemarthrosis). The affected male relative was asymptomatic up to the time of euthanasia (three months of age) and did not have postmortem lesions attributable to hemophilia.Although classic hemophilia (particularly in large breeds of dogs) is often a severe clinical disease, more moderate forms of the disease do occur. Such forms may be more difficult to recognize early in life.  相似文献   

10.
Vitamin K-dependent multifactor coagulopathy in Devon Rex cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A coagulopathy attributable to a deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X) was diagnosed in 3 Devon Rex cats. There was no evidence for exposure to vitamin-antagonist-related rodenticides. The cats did not have evidence of hepatic disease, gastrointestinal disease, or fat malassimilation. Oral treatment with vitamin K1 resulted in normalization of clotting factor concentrations. However, when treatment was discontinued in 2 cats, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin values became prolonged again, although the cats did not have clinical signs of a bleeding disorder.  相似文献   

11.
Hemophilia A is an X‐chromosome‐linked disorder caused by a deficiency in factor VIII (FVIII). Although foals have been diagnosed with hemophilia A based on deficiency in FVIII activity, causative gene mutations have not been identified. The genomic DNA and cDNA encoding FVIII of a Tennesee Walking Horse colt affected with hemophilia A and the genomic DNA of his dam and a normal unrelated horse were analyzed with no splice site or coding sequence abnormalities identified in any of the horses. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were then performed on hepatic cDNA from the affected colt and an unrelated normal horse, and no product was obtained for the sequence between and including exon 1 and exon 2 in the affected colt. Based on these results, suspected mutations were identified in the noncoding region of FVIII (intron 1), and genomic sequencing of intron 1 in the dam and the affected colt suggested maternal inheritance.  相似文献   

12.
The congenital bleeding disorders of domestic animals usually mimic closely the same disorders in man and are inherited in a similar fashion. Classical haemophilia (haemophilia A, factor VIII deficiency) and haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) occur in both dogs and cats and are sex-linked conditions. Affected animals are almost always male and heterozygote females are asymptomatic carriers. Offspring of a carrier female have a 50 per cent chance of inheriting the defective X-chromosome and, on average, half of the sons will be affected and half of the daughters will be carriers. Diagnosis of affected animals is confirmed by specific factor assay. Carriers may be identified with a statistical certainty of greater than 80 per cent. Canine von Willebrand's disease is a less severe disorder due to a defect of platelet adhesion. It is an autosomal trait, inherited in most breeds in an incompletely dominant fashion.  相似文献   

13.
Here we report the comparative efficacy of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and Cryoprecipitate in the treatment of 2 inherited bleeding disorders in dogs. The dogs were divided into 3 groups, consisting of 4 Doberman Pinschers with type I von Willebrand's disease (vWD) (group I), 1 Scottish Terrier with type III vWD (group 2), and 4 German Shepherd Dogs with hemophilia A (group 3). In vWD, therapeutic efficacy was determined by the ability of the products to increase von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) concentrations above 35 canine units (CU)/dL and to correct the prolonged buccal mucosal bleeding time. Therapeutic efficacy in hemophilia A was assessed by the ability of the products to increase the factor VIII coagulant (FVIII:C) activity above 30 CU/dL. In both groups 1 and 2, higher increases in vWf:Ag were achieved with Cryoprecipitate than with FFP, despite a significantly smaller total amount of vWf:Ag (in CU) being infused with Cryoprecipitate. The maximum vWf:Ag attained after infusion in group 1 was dependent on both the baseline vWf:Ag concentration and on the type of infusion product. The dogs with vWD in both groups also displayed a delayed increase in FVIII:C activity after infusion of both plasma products, which is characteristic of the disease. In group 3, Cryoprecipitate achieved similar increases in FVIII:C activity compared to FFP, although a significantly lesser amount of FVIII:C (in CU) was delivered with Cryoprecipitate. Six of the 9 dogs treated with FFP experienced adverse effects ranging from mild pruritus to pallor and weakness, whereas none of the 9 dogs treated with Cryoprecipitate had any observable adverse reactions ( P = .009). Based on its efficacy and safety, we recommend Cryoprecipitate over FFP for treatment or prophylaxis of hemorrhagic episodes in dogs with vWD or hemophilia A.  相似文献   

14.
Assessment of animals with a suspected hemorrhagic diathesis of unknown cause(s) should be methodical. Most acquired coagulopathies result from thrombocytopenia. A platelet estimate (from a blood smear) and/or a platelet count on a fresh blood sample therefore are useful first steps in case evaluation. If thrombocytopenia is present, the most likely causes are immune-mediated destruction of platelets, DIC, or megakaryocytic hypoplasia. These diagnoses can be pursued by further test, including antiplatelet antibody assays (for example, the platelet factor 3 tests or an ELISA test), measurement of FDP, and bone marrow biopsy, respectively. If the platelet count is normal, a buccal mucosa bleeding time test is a useful second step. If this is prolonged, most likely causes are vWD or a thrombocytopathy (functional platelet defect). von Willebrand's disease can be diagnosed by measurement of vWf concentration or activity. A normal bleeding time does not exclude a diagnosis of vWD, but suggests that the functional activity of vWf is not compromised markedly. If the bleeding time is normal, APTT and PT should be measured. A prolonged APTT with normal PT, in the clinical setting, implies a deficiency of factor XI, IX, or VIII. A prolonged PT with normal APTT indicates factor VII deficiency. Prolongation of both APTT and PT usually is caused by a deficiency of several factors and is seen most often in cases with vitamin K deficiency or antagonism. Obviously, if a particular cause is suspected from the case history or for other reasons, appropriate tests should be evaluated at the beginning. If these do not confirm the provisional diagnosis, the just-described protocol might be a useful one to follow.  相似文献   

15.
Factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII:AGN) in 21 canine plasma samples was assayed by immunoelectrophoresis using a rabbit anticanine F VIII serum prepared from a canine F VIII concentrate and a commercial rabbit antihuman F VIII serum. A good correlation existed (r value 0.916) between the antigen levels obtained using the two sera. In normal dogs the plasma F VIII:AGN level was 95 +/- 39% (Mean +/- SD) compared to 175 +/- 40% in dogs with severe hemophilia A and 17 +/- 15% in dogs with von Willebrand's disease. It was concluded that there was sufficient cross reactivity between canine F VIII and commercial rabbit antihuman F VIII serum to make the latter useful in the differential diagnosis of F VIII deficiencies in the dog.  相似文献   

16.
A 7-year-old, spayed female Shetland sheepdog had sudden onset of right-sided epistaxis. Diagnostic tests revealed Type III von Willebrand’s disease and primary hypothyroidism leading to an acute hypothyroid crisis and acquired factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. Levothyroxine therapy normalized the serum thyroxine and FVIII concentrations. The delayed onset of disease and the reversible FVIII deficiency that was corrected with levothyroxine therapy, support a role for hypothyroidism in the pathogenesis of this dog’s sudden bleeding tendency as has been seen with hypothyroidism in humans.  相似文献   

17.
A commercially available, disposable blade in a spring-loaded cassette was used to measure oral mucosa bleeding times (OMBT) of ketamine/acepromazine-anesthetized cats. The OMBT were determined in cats homozygous for Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS, n = 7), cats heterozygous for CHS (n = 6), and cats homozygous for Hageman factor (factor XII) deficiency (n = 5). In addition, OMBT were determined in three groups of normal cats: random-source cats (n = 14), inbred normal relatives of the cats with CHS (n = 7), and inbred normal relatives of Hageman factor deficient cats (n = 9). No significant differences were found in the OMBT of the three groups of normal cats. The mean OMBT for all 30 normal cats was 1.9 minutes +/- 0.5 minutes s.d. Compared to the normal cats, those homozygous for CHS had significantly prolonged OMBT (14.1 +/- 3.3 minutes; p < 0.05). The mean OMBT of cats heterozygous for CHS (2.6 +/- 0.8 minutes) was also significantly longer than the OMBT of the combined normal group. The mean OMBT of the CHS heterozygotes, however, was not significantly longer than that of their normal relatives (OMBT = 1.8 +/- 0.5 minutes), probably because of the low number of cats in this subgroup of normals. As expected, the OMBT of cats homozygous for Hageman factor deficiency (2.3 +/- 0.3 minutes) were not significantly prolonged.  相似文献   

18.
Over the last years, several outbreaks of virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCV) infection have been described in the USA and several European countries. The paper describes two outbreaks of VS-FCV infection in cats in Germany. Data concerning clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features ofVS-FCV infection were collected from two outbreaks affecting 55 and 4 cats, respectively. Presence of feline calicivirus was confirmed by PCR followed by sequencing of the PCR-products. Clinical signs were variable, including severe upper respiratory tract infection, dyspnoea, oral and footpad ulceration, facial oedema, enteritis, pneumonia, bleeding disorder, high fever, and icterus. Both outbreaks were characterized by a high mortality rate.The present report describes the first documented outbreaks of VS-FCV infection in cats in Germany. Clinical and histopathological features are comparable to outbreaks described in the USA and Europe. However, phylogenetic analysis of the virus genome suggests that virus strains involved in these outbreaks were different from each other and from virulent strains isolated before, confirming the known genetic variability of FCV.  相似文献   

19.
The efficacy and safety of carbimazole (CBZ) was studied in a series of 45 hyperthyroid cats. CBZ was used before surgical thyroidectomy in 34 cats, at a dose of 5 mg administered orally every eight hours. Biochemical euthyroidism, as assessed by a decrease in serum total thyroxine (T4) concentrations into the reference range, was achieved in 31 cats (91 per cent) within a mean (± SD) of 5–7 (± 2–9) days (range, three to 15 days). Clinical evidence of euthyroidism tended to lag behind biochemical evidence but was usually apparent after 14 days. Continuing therapy tended to decrease serum total T4 but not serum total triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations below the reference range but clinical evidence of hypothyroidism was not apparent. In five additional cats, 5 mg CBZ was administered three times between 08.00 and 20.00 hours. Euthyroidism was achieved in only one cat after 14 days, emphasising the need for eight hourly dosing. Clinically observable side effects developed in five cats (13 per cent), two to three weeks after commencing therapy and included vomiting (n y 2) and vomiting and anorexia (n = 3). In three cases withdrawal of CBZ was required. Mild and transient haematological abnormalities developed in two cats (one case each of lymphocytosis and leucopenia). There were significant decreases in serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in those cats achieving euthyroidism (P < 0–001 in each case) but not in those that remained hyperthyroid despite CBZ therapy (P ± 0–05 in each case). CBZ was used as the sole therapy for the condition in eight cats for between four and 65 weeks. A consistent dosage of 5 mg CBZ administered twice daily was necessary to maintain euthyroidism. Adverse reactions were not noted. Chronic medical management tended to depress serum total T4 concentrations below the reference range. Corresponding serum total T3 concentrations remained within the reference range on 15 (88 per cent) of 17 occasions and may explain why the animals appeared clinically euthyroid. CBZ appears to be a safe and effective drug both in the short and long term management of feline hyperthyroidism and can be recommended as the current drug of choice in the UK.  相似文献   

20.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in blood of clinically ill cats from Massachusetts (n = 4) and Connecticut (1) by use of polymerase chain reaction assay and DNA sequencing. All 5 cats were allowed outdoors, and Ixodes scapularis were found on 3 cats. Clinical signs of fever, anorexia, and lethargy resolved quickly after treatment with doxycycline or tetracycline. Serum samples from each cat reacted with A. phagocytophilum morulae via an indirect fluorescent antibody assay; positive antibody titers persisted even after 21 to 30 days of treatment with tetracycline. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of A. phagocytophilum infection of domestic cats in North America. Results suggest that infection with the organism may be associated with clinical illness in some cats.  相似文献   

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