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1.
DON毒素和小麦互作对小麦幼穗细胞可溶性蛋白的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究经小麦幼穗细胞和DON毒素混合处理,研究抗赤霉病程度不同的苏麦3号(R)、望水白(R)、延冈坊主(R)、Alondra's (S)、安徽11(S)和仪宁小麦(S)的可溶性蛋白谱带的变化。用3μg/ml的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯酸(DON)与小麦幼穗细胞混和处理2、8、24、30h,分别提取可溶性蛋白,进行PAGE测定。结果显示,感病品种有多条谱带消失,如仪宁小麦、安徽11、Alondra's在处理2h后Rf 0.13的条带消失,处理8h后Rf 0.02条带消失,感病品种Alondra's和安徽11在处理24h后Rf 0.05的条带消失。抗病品种的电泳谱带没有变化,如苏麦3号、望水白在毒素处理后蛋白条带没有发生变化,抗病品种延冈坊主在处理24h后RfO.OS、O.11的蛋白带仅有变浅的趋势。研究还表明抗病品种苏麦3号、望水白、延冈坊主具有感病品种没有的Rf 0.3的蛋白带,且在毒素处理前后保持一致。 相似文献
2.
本研究采用单小花滴注和喷雾接种方法对3个抗病品种(‘望水白’、‘苏麦3号’、‘扬麦16’)和3个感病品种(‘周麦18’、‘矮抗58’、‘豫保1号’)的赤霉病抗性进行分析,并用ELISA测定了籽粒、颖壳和穗轴中的DON毒素水平。结果表明:两种方法接种后第20天,除‘望水白’外,抗病品种的病级日扩展速率和病小穗率都显著低于感病品种(P0.05);单小花滴注接种条件下,除‘周麦18’的籽粒和‘矮抗58’的穗轴外,抗病品种的籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量显著低于感病品种的籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量(P0.05);而喷雾接种条件下,抗病品种与感病品种的籽粒、颖壳中的DON毒素含量差异不显著,而穗轴中的DON毒素含量差异显著(P0.05)。除个别情况外,6个品种中,籽粒中DON毒素水平颖壳中DON毒素水平穗轴中DON毒素水平(P0.05)。 相似文献
3.
小麦赤霉病穗中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇量的变化 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
用JF-12菌株的子囊孢子接种5个不同程度抗感赤霉病的小麦品种,于不同时间对穗组织中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的量进行了测定。结果表明:感病品种(宁麦6号及扬麦3号)穗中的DON量自接种后第4~8天迅速升高,最高可达37.64μg/gdw),抗病品种(望水白)的DON含量较低(≤7.35μg/gdw),且自接种后第8天起逐渐下降,中抗(扬麦4号)和中感(宁8026)品种的DON含量居于抗、感病品种之间。DON含量与穗发病程度的相关性依品种不同而异,即在感病品种上两者有较显著的相关性(r=0.909~1.00),但在抗病及中抗品种上相关性不显著(r=0.466~0.531)。说明抗病品种可能存在降解DON的解毒机制。另外,所有供试品种均在接种后24小时、尚未表现症状时即可检测到一定量(0.46~2.41μg/gdw)的DON,表明DON可能在病菌与寄主建立寄生关系过程中有重要作用。 相似文献
4.
为明确不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累水平,培育和利用抗赤霉病和DON毒素积累的品种提供资源和依据,本研究采用单小花滴注接种法对河南省的106个小麦品种(系)抗赤霉病性进行鉴定分析,并用ELISA测定了病穗组织中DON毒素水平。结果表明不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性有显著差异,106个小麦品种(系)中未发现抗病和中抗材料,中感品种(系)有华育198、郑麦103和春丰0021等14个,占13.2%;感病的有曌式2010-06、百农898和中麦63等92个,占86.8%。不同小麦品种(系)籽粒、颖壳和穗轴中DON毒素积累水平有显著差异,籽粒中DON毒素水平在(0.70~287.63)mg/kg之间,其中郑03876、豫保1号和中麦63 的DON毒素水平在2 mg/kg 以下,为抗毒素材料;其他的103个品种DON毒素水平大于2 mg/kg;颖壳和穗轴中的DON毒素水平在(51.03~392.87)mg/kg之间,普遍比籽粒中DON毒素含量高。籽粒中DON毒素水平与小麦品种(系)的平均病害严重度间呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
5.
不同侵染时期对小麦赤霉病发生和籽粒中DON积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确不同侵染时期对小麦赤霉病发生和籽粒中DON的积累情况,在2015年和2016年于河南省焦作市温县黄庄镇西虢村田间进行小麦(‘豫保1号’和‘周麦18’)不同生育期接种对病穗率、病情指数、病粒率和籽粒中DON毒素积累的影响试验。结果表明:小麦赤霉病菌在抽穗盛期(DAA=-6,Zadoks=55～57)至灌浆中期(DAA=14或15,Zadoks=75)都能侵染麦穗,但在始花期前3～4 d的齐穗期(DAA=-3或-4,Zadoks=59)至始花期后4 d的灌浆初期(DAA=4,Zadoks=71)处理的病穗率、病情指数和病粒率显著高于其他处理(P0.05),其中盛花末期(DAA=1,Zadoks=69)处理的侵染率最高,为小麦赤霉病菌侵染发病的关键生育期。此外,在套袋保湿2 d的条件下赤霉病菌在小麦始花期前6 d的抽穗盛期(DAA=-6,Zadoks=55～57)和始花期后10 d的乳熟期(DAA=10,Zadoks=73)也能有较高的侵染率。在籽粒中DON积累方面,‘豫保1号’所有处理的籽粒中DON含量与病穗率、病情指数和病粒率的趋势一致,都是盛花末期(DAA=1,Zadoks=69)处理的籽粒中DON含量最高(P0.05),且间隔时间离盛花末期(Zadoks=69)越近籽粒中DON含量越高;而‘周麦18’齐穗期(DAA=-4,Zadoks=59)至灌浆中期(DAA=14,Zadoks=75)处理的没有显著性差异,说明小麦赤霉病菌在始花期后14 d的灌浆中期侵染也能引起籽粒中DON的大量积累。 相似文献
6.
7.
本研究明确了黄淮冬麦区主栽小麦品种对赤霉病的抗侵染、抗扩展、抗毒素积累和抗籽粒侵染能力以及几种抗性之间的相互关系,并检测了各品种是否带有FHB1抗性基因,旨在为该区小麦赤霉病抗性鉴定评价、抗性品种培育和利用提供科学依据。小麦赤霉病综合抗性鉴定结果表明:22个黄淮冬麦区主栽品种中,有20个为感病品种,只有‘郑麦9023’和‘西农979’为中感品种,所有品种均不含FHB1基因;长江中下游麦区的9个品种中,‘扬麦17’和‘宁麦9号’等6个品种表现中抗,‘扬麦23’表现中感,‘苏麦3号’和‘扬麦21’表现抗,‘扬麦14’‘扬麦17’和‘扬麦23’不含有FHB1基因,其他品种均含FHB1基因。小麦品种的抗扩展能力与抗侵染能力无显著相关性(r=0.27,P0.05);两种接种条件下小麦品种的病粒率与抗脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素积累能力呈极显著正相关(r=0.86,P0.01;r=0.88,P0.01);单小花滴注法接种条件下,小麦品种的平均病级与病粒率和籽粒中DON含量都呈极显著正相关(r=0.71,P0.01;r=0.81,P0.01);喷雾接种条件下,小麦品种的病小穗率与平均病级、病粒率、籽粒中DON含量和ZEN含量都呈极显著正相关(r=0.78,P0.01;r=0.73,P0.01;r=0.78,P0.01;r=0.63,P0.01)。在毒素积累抗性上,DON含量和ZEN含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.70,P0.01)。在目前黄淮冬麦区没有中抗品种的情况下,可以增加育种和鉴定目标为抗籽粒侵染和抗毒素积累的品种,在小麦品种推广过程中加以运用,可以达到较好的效果。 相似文献
8.
几种杀菌剂防控小麦赤霉病穗腐及籽粒脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素的评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦赤霉病是小麦穗期的主要病害之一。化学防控一直是小麦主产区防控赤霉病的主要措施。为明确几种新型杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病的防效和对小麦籽粒DON毒素含量的影响,于2018年进行了氰基丙烯酸酯类和三唑类杀菌剂单剂及其复配剂对赤霉病的防效试验。结果表明:30%戊唑·多菌灵悬浮剂(SC)1500 mL/hm^2处理对赤霉病病穗防效达92.40%,病指防效达93.20%,小麦籽粒DON毒素检出量较不用药对照降低80.38%;25%氰烯菌酯SC 2000 mL/hm^2处理对赤霉病的病穗防效达86.80%,病指防效达88.78%,小麦籽粒DON毒素检出量较不用药对照降低88.19%;48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC 900 mL/hm^2和40%丙硫·戊唑醇SC 600 mL/hm^2对小麦赤霉病的病穗防效分别为77.20%、78.00%,病指防效分别为80.27%和79.59%,对籽粒DON毒素检出量较不用药对照分别降低73.87%和81.42%。在小麦赤霉病较重发生的情况下,上述4种杀菌剂单剂或复配剂1次用药既能高效控制病情,又能有效控制小麦籽粒DON毒素不超标。本试验研究进一步阐明,氰烯菌酯、戊唑醇、丙硫菌唑等杀菌剂及其复配剂均能有效控制小麦赤霉病的危害,并能有效降低小麦籽粒DON毒素含量;吡唑醚菌酯单剂及其复配剂虽然对小麦赤霉病的病穗和病指防效也较高,但控制小麦籽粒DON毒素含量效果相对较差。研究结果为小麦穗期赤霉病化学防控提供了科学参考。 相似文献
9.
小麦与禾谷镰刀菌相互作用下病穗过氧化物酶和酯酶的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了苏麦3号(抗病)和凡6(感病)穗部受禾谷镰刀菌侵染后,过氧化物酶和酯酶的变化.在侵染的早期(症状显现前),苏麦3号接种穗的过氧化物酶活性增加较凡6接种穗的酶活增加快和稍高,且症状显现稍迟.在侵染的中后期,症状显现后,感病凡6较抗病苏麦3号的过氧化物酶活性增加快且高得多.2品种病穗中的酶活均是随着症状的发展和病情加重而迅速上升.无新的过氧化物酶同工酶出现在2品种病穗,但第2、3酶带活性随病情发展逐渐增强,5、6酶带活性逐渐减弱,凡6的变化较苏麦3号强烈.2品种病穗中均新出现2条相同的酯酶同工酶带.因此可以初步认为,在相互作用的早期,过氧化物酶活性的增加与苏麦3号对赤霉菌的抗性有一定联系,但在相互作用的中后期,二种组合酶活的大幅度提高是与症状的发展和感病反应相联系.2种同工酶难于作为鉴定小麦抗赤霉菌的生化指标. 相似文献
10.
禾谷镰孢单端孢霉烯族毒素在小麦组织中的积累 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本试验将禾谷镰孢一高产毒菌株B4-1采用单小花注滴法接种于小麦抗赤霉病品种苏麦3号和感病品种宁麦6号,用气/质联检法测定接种后4、8、12、16和20 d组织中的单端孢霉烯族毒素积累量。结果显示,在病组织中有脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-acetyldeoxynivalenol,15-ADON)和3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-acetyldeoxynivalenol,3-ADON)等3种单端孢霉烯族毒素,但未发现雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(nivalenol)和镰刀菌酮-X (fusarenon-X)等毒素。抗病品种病穗组织中,DON平均含量由接种后4 d的29.5 μg/g dry weight (gdw)下降到20d时的15.7μg/gdw,15-ADON和3-ADON量则较低,分别为1.5~3.6μg/gdw和<1.7μg/gdw;而同期感病品种病穗组织中的DON量则由23.1μg/gdw上升到47.7μg/gdw,15-ADON和3-ADON量均较高,分别达8.6~10.0μg/gdw和2.6~8.3μg/gdw。在抗、感病品种无症状穗组织中,3种毒素的含量均很低(<0.5 μg/gdw)。同时,本研究还首次在感病品种的穗颈(总花梗,peduncle)组织中检测到大量的DON和15-ADON及少量的3-ADON。 相似文献
11.
Quantitative trait loci for resistance to fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in Wangshuibai wheat under field conditions 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
H. X. Ma K. M. Zhang L. Gao G. H. Bai H. G. Chen Z. X. Cai W. Z. Lu 《Plant pathology》2006,55(6):739-745
Wangshuibai is a Chinese landrace wheat with a high level of resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. Using an F7 population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between Wangshuibai and Annong 8455 for molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB resistance, the proportion of scabbed spikelets (PSS) and DON content were assessed under field conditions. Composite interval mapping revealed that two and three QTL were significantly associated with low PSS and low DON content, respectively, over 2 years. QTL on chromosomes 3B and 2A explained 17 and 11·5%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance for low PSS, whereas QTL on chromosomes 5A, 2A and 3B explained 12·4, 8·5 and 6·2%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance for low DON content. The 3B QTL appeared to be associated mainly with low PSS, and the 5A QTL primarily with low DON content in Wangshuibai. The 2A QTL had minor effects on both low PSS and DON content. Microsatellite and AFLP markers linked to these QTL should be useful for marker-assisted selection of QTL for low PSS and low DNA content from Wangshuibai. 相似文献
12.
Use of diverse sources of Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant germplasm in breeding may significantly improve wheat resistance to FHB. Wangshuibai is an FHB-resistant Chinese landrace unrelated to cv. Sumai 3, the most commonly used FHB-resistant source. In all, 139 F(6) recombinant inbred lines were developed from a cross between Wangshuibai and an FHB-susceptible cultivar, Wheaton, to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for wheat resistance to initial infection (type I resistance), spread of FHB symptoms within a spike (type II resistance), and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation (type III resistance) in infected grain. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at Manhattan, KS from 2003 to 2005. More than 1,300 simple-sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were analyzed in this population. Five QTL for type I resistance were detected on chromosomes 3AS, 3BS, 4B, 5AS, and 5DL after spray inoculation; seven QTL for type II resistance were identified on chromosomes 1A, 3BS, 3DL, 5AS, 5DL, and 7AL after point inoculation; and seven QTL for type III resistance were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1BL, 3BS, 5AS, 5DL, and 7AL with the data from both inoculation methods. These QTL jointly explained up to 31.7, 64, and 52.8% of the phenotypic variation for the three types of FHB resistance, respectively. The narrow-sense heritabilities were low for type I resistance (0.37 to 0.41) but moderately high for type II resistance (0.45 to 0.61) and type III resistance (0.44 to 0.67). The QTL on the distal end of 3BS, 5AS, and 5DL contributed to all three types of resistance. Two QTL, on 7AL and 1A, as well as one QTL near the centromere of 3BS (3BSc), showed effects on both type II and type III resistance. Selection for type II resistance may simultaneously improve type I and type III resistance as well. The QTL for FHB resistance identified in Wangshuibai have potential to be used to pyramid FHB-resistance QTL from different sources. 相似文献
13.
N. Gosman† Srinivasachary A. Steed E. Chandler M. Thomsett P. Nicholson 《Plant pathology》2010,59(1):147-157
A series of experiments was conducted to determine whether type I resistance (resistance to initial infection) to fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat could be assessed using fungal species/isolates that do not produce deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin critical to the spread of Fusarium graminearum in the wheat spike. It was shown that, while the non-toxin-producing species Microdochium nivale and M. majus could infect following spray inoculation of wheat spikes, they were unable to spread within the spike following point inoculation. However, although these species might reveal type I resistance, they are not highly pathogenic towards wheat. A nivalenol (NIV)-producing isolate of F. graminearum caused high levels of disease following spray inoculation, but spread only very slowly within the spike and rarely induced bleaching above the point of inoculation. It is proposed that spray inoculation with an appropriate, aggressive, non-DON-producing FHB pathogen may be used to characterize type I resistance to complement point inoculation with a DON-producing isolate to assess type II resistance (resistance to spread within the spike). 相似文献
14.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) symptom development, relative spikelet weight (RSW), fungal DNA (FDNA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) content of grain was assessed in the FHB resistant winter wheat cv. WEK0609 and the FHB susceptible cv. Hobbit sib, and among doubled haploid progeny lines (DHLs) developed from a cross between these cultivars. In addition, the relationship between FHB resistance traits and germination on DON-containing medium (in vitro DON tolerance (IVDT)) was also investigated to assess the possibility of using this test as in vitro method of screening for FHB resistance in this cultivar. Analysis indicated that WEK0609 resistance significantly reduced symptom development, yield loss and the FDNA and DON content of grain relative to Hobbit sib. Although both the DON and FDNA content were greater in susceptible than in resistant progeny lines, the ratio of DON to FDNA decreased with increasing susceptibility. The resistance derived from WEK0609 appears to have a greater effect on colonisation of the grain by the fungus than on the accumulation of DON within the grain. In vitro tolerance to DON does not appear to relate to FHB resistance in WEK0609 and thus does not provide a means of selecting for FHB resistance derived from this cultivar. 相似文献
15.
为探明在小麦不同生育期施用新型杀菌剂丙硫菌唑及施用次数对小麦赤霉病及籽粒DON毒素总量[包括脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)?3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-ADON)?15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-ADON)]的控制效果, 2020年-2021年通过田间自然发病和人工接种发病试验的方法, 研究了小麦不同生育期施用丙硫菌唑及施用次数对小麦赤霉病的防效, 并通过液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了不同处理小麦籽粒中对DON毒素总含量?结果表明, 30%丙硫菌唑可分散油悬浮剂(OD)防治2次对小麦赤霉病的防效和对DON毒素的控制效果均显著高于防治1次; 防治2次时, 其首次最佳防治时期为小麦齐穗期至扬花20%, 防效为90.25%~95.13%, 毒素控制效果为77.35%~79.97%?30%丙硫菌唑OD作为防控小麦赤霉病的新型药剂具有良好的应用前景, 本研究为该药剂推广应用于小麦赤霉病及籽粒DON毒素的防控提供了科学依据? 相似文献
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Pathogen development and host responses in wheat spikes of resistant and susceptible cultivars infected by Fusarium culmorum causing Fusarium head blight (FHB), were investigated by means of electron microscopy as well as immunogold labelling techniques. The studies revealed similarities in the infection process and the initial spreading of the pathogen in wheat spikes between resistant and susceptible cultivars. However, the pathogen’s development was obviously more slow in the resistant cultivars as in comparison to a susceptible one. The structural defence reactions such as the formation of thick layered appositions and large papillae were essentially more pronounced in the infected host tissues of the resistant cultivars, than in the susceptible one. β -1,3-glucan was detected in the appositions and papillae. Furthermore, immunogold labelling of lignin demonstrated that there were no differences in the lignin contents of the wheat spikes between susceptible and resistant cultivars regarding the uninoculated healthy tissue, but densities of lignin in host cell walls of the infected wheat spikes differed distinctly between resistant and susceptible cultivars. The lignin content in the cell walls of the infected tissues of the susceptible wheat cultivar increased slightly, while the lignin accumulated intensely in the host cell walls of the infected wheat spikes of the resistant cultivars. These findings indicate that lignin accumulation in the infected wheat spikes may play an important role in resistance to the spreading of the pathogen in the host tissues. Immunogold labelling of the Fusarium toxin DON in the infected lemma showed the same labelling patterns in the host tissues of resistant and susceptible cultivars. However, there were distinct differences in the toxin concentration between the tissues of the susceptible and resistant cultivars. At the early stage of infection, the labelling densities for DON in resistant cultivars were significantly lower than those in the susceptible one. The present study indicates that the FHB resistant cultivars are able to develop active defence reactions during infection and spreading of the pathogen in the host tissues. The lower accumulation of the toxin DON in the tissues of the infected spikes of resistant cultivars which results from the host’s defence mechanisms may allow more intensive defence responses to the pathogen by the host. 相似文献
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S. Šliková V. Šudyová P. Martinek I. Polišenská E. Gregová D. Mihálik 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):163-170
Determination of the Fusarium protein equivalent (FPE) levels in kernels for better characterisation of genotypes showing Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, and better detection of susceptibility to kernel infection among genotypes with slight symptom
expression was carried out. Twelve wheat cultivars and eight hexaploid winter wheat lines derived from a cross of Triticum aestivum with related species T. macha, T. polonicum, and T. dicoccoides were evaluated for levels of spike and kernel infection, the content of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and FPE in kernels
after artificial inoculation with the fungus Fusarium culmorum in the field in 2006–2007. The ELISA immunochemical method was employed for the quantitative analyses of DON and FPE. Three
wheat lines had a significantly low infection of spikes and kernels compared to cvs Sumai 3 and Nobeoka Bozu, indicating the
presence of specific resistance mechanisms to FHB. The significantly low AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) and the high level of FPE and DON content in kernels
indicated a lack of resistance in one wheat line (crossed with T. polonicum). The results showed highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) between FPE and DON content and between FPE and AUDPC. In addition, correlations between FPE and reductions in yield
components were also highly significant. Quantification of Fusarium spp. in wheat kernels can be helpful for evaluating wheat genotypes for their levels of resistance to FHB. 相似文献
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为研究小麦UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶7(UDP-glycosyltransferase 7,TaUGT7)的抗赤霉病功能,利用DNAMAN 6.0软件对Ta UGT7及其同源蛋白进行序列比对,应用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)技术分析经赤霉菌Fusarium graminearum和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol,DON）处理后的苏麦3号小穗中TaUGT7基因的表达特征,利用基因枪在洋葱表皮细胞瞬时表达TaUGT7-eGFP进行亚细胞定位,采用农杆菌介导法在小麦品种Fielder中过量表达TaUGT7基因并进行赤霉病抗性鉴定。结果表明,TaUGT7在氨基酸序列上与已知赤霉病抗性相关UGT相似性较低;TaUGT7在赤霉菌接种24 h后开始被诱导表达,在DON处理2 h后逐步被诱导表达;Ta UGT7蛋白亚细胞定位于细胞膜和细胞核中;qRT-PCR检测发现,TaUGT7在8株独立的过表达转基因株系中均有不同程度的上调表达;与野生型对照相比,过表达株系TaUGT7-395和TaUGT7-457中的平均病小穗率显著下降。... 相似文献