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《北方牧业》2006,(4):8-8,12
<正> 第一部分蛋鸡市场1 禽流感疫情对蛋鸡市场的影响评估1.1 禽流感疫情简况在2005年10月份,全球禽流感疫情频频爆发的背景下,2005年10月20日我国内蒙古呼和浩特发生禽流感疫情。随后,我国禽流感疫情迅速蔓延,总体来看,此次疫情来势凶猛,疫情发生密度大、频率高。并且发生人感染禽流感事件,造成了相当程度的恐慌。1.2 禽流感疫情对蛋鸡产业的影响此轮禽流感疫情对蛋鸡产业的影响主要通过以下3方面:(11主产省、疫区辽宁省的大量扑杀导致家禽存栏量下降:辽宁是我国第5大鸡蛋主产省,养殖密度非常高。仅黑山疫点半径3公里内便扑杀家禽600多万只。北宁市在11月6日发生H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感后扑杀家禽250.6万只。两周不到辽宁省便扑杀家禽 相似文献
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我国生猪市场在经历了自2003年8月-2005年9月共长达26个月的盈利期后,于2005年的10月份快速下跌至亏损线以下.然而,在活猪价格及养殖盈利快速下跌的同时,猪肉价与活猪价之间的价差却仍保持在历史较高水平,生猪贩运商、生猪屠宰企业以及猪肉销售商盈利可观. 相似文献
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我国生猪市场在经历了自2003年8月至2005年9月共长达26个月的盈利期后，于2005年的10月份快速下跌至亏损线以下。然而，在活猪价格及养殖盈利快速下跌的同时，猪肉价与活猪价之间的价差却仍保持在历史较高水平，生猪贩运商、生猪屠宰企业以及猪肉销售商仍盈利可观。究竟是那些原因导致生猪市场迅速由盈利转入亏损？在活猪价暴跌的同时，猪肉价与活猪价之间的价差缘何仍保持在较高水平？2006年生猪市场能否重新由亏损期回升至盈利期？何时能会升至盈利期？笔就业界普遍关注的这些问题进行了跟踪、研究和分析，特撰此，仅供参考。 相似文献
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假如没有2005年10月底开始的一轮席卷全球的禽流感疫情,2005年对于我国的蛋鸡养殖业来说应该是一个非常完美的“丰收年”。蛋鸡养殖维持了近几年来最长时间的高盈利:2005年1～11月,主产区每只蛋鸡平均盈利14元左右,远高于5～10元/只的正常盈利水平,主产区鸡蛋平均批发价格5.26元/千克,高于4～4.4元/千克的成本线约0.8～1.2元/千克,养殖效益非常可观。究竟是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2005年10月底的一轮禽流感疫情对蛋鸡市场产生了何种深度的影响?2006年我国蛋鸡市场又将走向何方?……笔者对以上几个热点问题进行了深入分析… 相似文献
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我国生猪市场在经历了自2003年8月至2005年9月共长达26个月的盈利期后,于2005年的10月份快速下跌至亏损线以下。然而,在活猪价格及养殖盈利快速下跌的同时,猪肉价与活猪价之间的价差却仍保持在历史较高水平,生猪贩运商、 相似文献
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我国生猪市场在经历了自2003年8月-2005年9月共长达26个月的盈利期后，于2005年的10月份快速下跌至亏损线以下。然而，在活猪价格及养殖盈利快速下跌的同时，猪肉价与活猪价之间的价差却仍保持在历史较高水平，生猪贩运商、生猪屠宰企业以及猪肉销售商盈利可观。究竟是哪些原因导致生猪市场迅速由盈利转入亏损，如此快速的转变是否正常？在活猪价暴跌的同时，猪肉价以及两者之间的价差缘何仍保持在较高水平？ 相似文献
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我国生猪市场在经历了自2003年8月-2005年9月共长达26个月的盈利期后,于2005年的10月份快速下跌至亏损线以下。然而,在活猪价格及养殖盈利快速下跌的同时,猪肉价与活猪价之间的价差却仍保持在历史较高水平,生猪贩运商、生猪屠宰企业以及猪肉销售商盈利可观。究竟是哪些原因导致 相似文献
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假如没有2005年10月底开始的一轮席卷全球的禽流感疫情,2005年,对于我国的蛋鸡养殖业来说应该是一个非常完美的“丰收年”。蛋鸡养殖维持了近几年来最长时间的高盈利:2005年1-11月,主产区每只蛋鸡平均盈利14元左右,远高于5-10元／只的正常盈利水平,主产区鸡蛋平均批发价格5．26元／kg,高于4-4．4元／kg的成本线约0．8-1．2元／kg,养殖效益非常可观。究竟是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2005年10月底的一轮禽流感疫情对蛋鸡市场产生了何种深度的影响?2006年我国蛋鸡市场又将走向何方?笔者对以上几个热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。 相似文献
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The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data. 相似文献
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Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed. 相似文献
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Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
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Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. R. KILROY W. F. HALL D. P. BANE R. F. BEVILL G. D. KORITZ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):49-58
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97). 相似文献
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2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。 相似文献
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b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
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Campos SG Cavaglieri LR Fernández Juri MG Dalcero AM Krüger C Keller LA Magnoli CE Rosa CA 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):377-383
Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food. 相似文献