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1.
根际土壤微生物DNA提取及纯化方法的比较 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文采用了四种方法对红松和长白赤松土壤根际土壤微生物DNA进行了提取,同时分别采用了三种方法对所提取的根际土壤微生物粗DNA进行了纯化,并且对不同的提取和纯化方法进行了比较和评价。结果表明:对根际土壤微生物总DNA提取效果最好的是,以SDS为基础的含有1.0%(w/v)的高浓度NaCl的蛋白酶K法。这个方法可有效地去除腐殖酸和其它杂质。由于透析法能够积极有效地去除粗DNA中的棕色物质和腐殖酸,所以非常适合纯化根际土壤微生物DNA,而且纯化产物进行PCR扩增时效果很好。此外,挤胶法由于其经济有效的优点,所以也是一个很好的纯化根际土壤微生物粗DNA的方法。 相似文献
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芒果属植物叶绿体DNA提取方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究不同提取方法对芒果属植物叶绿体DNA提取质量的影响,以芒果和扁桃的成熟叶片为材料,比较植物叶绿体DNAout试剂盒法和高盐-低p H法分离叶绿体及提取叶绿体DNA效果。结果表明:叶绿体DNAout试剂盒法能够较好地去除蛋白质、酚类、多糖等代谢物质,OD260/OD230大于2.000,OD260/OD280在1.800~1.900之间。高盐-低p H法提取叶绿体DNA产率高达75.8 ng/μL,远大于叶绿体DNAout试剂盒法提取叶绿体DNA最高产率42.8 ng/μL,2种方法所得模板电泳图和SSR标记图谱谱带完整性皆好。显微镜下观察叶绿体,2种方法都可以得到杂质少、背景清晰的叶绿体显微成像效果,但高盐-低p H法提取的叶绿体细胞器密度更高。2种方法获得的叶绿体DNA均可满足后续研究工作的需要。 相似文献
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为了研究不同提取方法对金柑总DNA提取质量的影响,以融安金柑等3个金柑品种的叶片和果实为材料,采用SDS提取法、CTAB提取法、试剂盒法提取金柑总DNA,并对所提取DNA的总浓度、A_(260/280)、A_(260/230)、凝胶电泳结果、SCo T扩增产物进行比较分析。结果表明:CTAB提取法和试剂盒提取法能较好地去除金柑叶片和果实中的蛋白质、RNA、多酚、多糖、单宁、色素等大分子物质以及盐类等小分子杂质。提取的总DNA浓度最高达178 ng/μL,A_(260/280)在1.82~1.94之间,A_(260/230)在1.89~2.04之间。SDS提取法、CTAB提取法和试剂盒提取法所提取的金柑叶片和果实总DNA的扩增效果图谱清晰,多态性高。3种提取方法中,CTAB提取法所提取总DNA浓度较高,纯度最好,可用于后续相关研究。 相似文献
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采用3种DNA提取方法对8种槭属树种基因组DNA进行质量、浓度和纯度对比研究,结果表明,3种方法提取的基因组DNA差异较大,浓度由高到低依次为改良CTAB法TIANGEN试剂盒法改良SDS法;提取的基因组DNA纯度为TIANGEN试剂盒法CTAB法SDS法。3种方法中TIANGEN试剂盒法提取的槭属树种基因组DNA含有的杂质最少,但成本较高;改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA质量、浓度和纯度均优于改良SDS方法,适用于槭属树种的后续研究。 相似文献
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以油菜为实验材料,探讨了植物线粒体DNA提取纯化过程中的影响因素,构建了一套快捷、经济、高效的植物线粒体DNA提取纯化方法.该方法结合差速离心和密度梯度离心分离得到线粒体,酶消化处理去除其他基因组的污染,用SDS与蛋白酶裂解线粒体,通过高盐沉淀,有机溶剂抽提,最后再用CTAB纯化得到mtDNA.用该方法提取的油菜线粒体DNA,经紫外分光光度计测定其纯度、限制性内切酶进行酶切.结果表明,此提取方法得到的mtDNA,其纯度可以满足后续遗传学分析.该法适用于不同植物材料mtDNA的提取纯化. 相似文献
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以福建山樱花嫩叶为试验材料,采用Trizol法、CTAB法、CTAB-Li Cl法、百泰克试剂盒法和天根试剂盒法5种方法提取福建山樱花叶片RNA,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测总RNA的完整性,以微量紫外分光系统检测总RNA的纯度和浓度。结果表明:Trizol法和天根试剂盒法不适于福建山樱花叶片RNA的提取;CTAB法和百泰克试剂盒法提取的RNA完整性好,纯度及浓度高,但百泰克试剂盒法提取的RNA有DNA污染;CTAB-Li Cl法提取的RNA浓度低,且含杂质。RT-PCR试验结果进一步表明CTAB法提取的RNA能够用于后续的分子生物学研究,是福建山樱花叶片RNA提取的最佳方法。 相似文献
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土壤微生物总 DNA 提取及其 PCR 优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用3种不同土壤微生物总 DNA 提取方法对广东省乐昌杨东山十二度水自然保护区的样地土壤进行比较研究,进一步通过 PCR 扩增,研究牛血清白蛋白(BSA)对整个 PCR 扩增过程的影响。结果表明：试剂盒提取法相对于其他两种提取方法更加方便有效,当土壤样品量比较大时,直接提取法是最经济有效的方法;而在土壤微生物的 PCR 扩增实验中,加入2μl 的 BSA,可以有效地抑制腐殖酸等对后续 PCR 扩增的影响。 相似文献
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Ken'ichirou Kosugi 《Journal of Forest Research》1997,2(1):1-8
The soil water retention model proposed by Kosugi was modified to have a relatively simple functional form. The resulting
water retention model (the lognormal distribution model) contains two parameters which have physical significance on the water
retention curve and are related directly to the statistics of the soil pore radius distribution functiong(r). The observed retention data sets of 282 undisturbed forest soils taken from Mashimo were analyzed using the lognormal distribution
model, and it was shown that the model performs fairly well for every data set. The estimated parameters of the model indicated
that the water retention characteristics of the undisturbed forest soils are related to the soil structure more closely than
to the soil texture. Many crumb-structure forest soils have greater median ofg(r) than the crumb and granular-structure soils. Disturbed loamy soils have smaller median ofg(r) than many of the undisturbed forest soils and disturbed sandy soils have smallerg(r) width than the forest soils. The brown forest soils taken from A-horizon generally have the greater median ofg(r) than the brown forest soils taken from B-horizon. Some of the brown forest soils have the greater width ofg(r) than the black soils. The median ofg(r) of brown forest soil taken from A-horizon generally becomes greater as the soil moisture condition becomes wet. 相似文献
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WANGChen-rui SHIYi YANGXiao-ming WUJie YUEJin 《林业研究》2003,14(3):230-238
Next to CO2, methane (CH4) is the second important contributor to global warming in the atmosphere and global atmospheric CH4 budget depends on both CH4 sources and sinks. Unsaturated soil is known as a unique sink for atmospheric CH4 in terrestrial ecosystem. Many comparison studies proved that forest soil had the biggest capacity of oxidizing atmospheric CH4 in various unsaturated soils. However, up to now, there is not an overall review in the aspect of atmospheric CH4 oxidation (consumption) in forest soil. This paper analyzed advances of studies on the mechanism of atmospheric CH4 oxidation, and related natural factors (Soil physical and chemical characters, temperature and moisture, ambient main greenhouse gases concentrations, tree species, and forest fire) and anthropogenic factors (forest clear-cutting and thinning, fertilization, exogenou saluminum salts and atmospheric deposition, adding biocides, and switch of forest land use) in forest soils. It was believed that OH4 consumption rate by forest soil was limited by diffusion and sensitive to changes in water status and temperature of soil.CH4 oxidation was also particularly sensitive to soil C/N, Ambient CO2, CH4 and N2O concentrations, tree species and forest fire.In most cases, anthropogenic disturbances will decrease atmospheric CH4 oxidation, thus resulting in the elevating of atmos-pheric CH4. Finally, the author pointed out that our knowledge of atmospheric CH4 oxidation (consumption) in forest soil was insufficient. In order to evaluate the contribution of forest soils to atmospheric CH4 oxidation and the role of forest played in the process of global environmental change, and to forecast the trends of global warming exactly, more researchers need to studiesfurther on CH4 oxidation in various forest soils of different areas. 相似文献
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F.O. Adedeji 《Forest Ecology and Management》1984,9(2):87-99
The nutrient contents of moist semi-deciduous forest, successional regrowth and cultivated soils were studied along with successional changes following clear-cutting and burning. Water-soluble N, P, Ca, Mg and K were measured in the primary forest, successional regrowth, cultivated soils and soils of secondary forests ranging from 1 to 6 years after cessation of cultivation. Clearing and burning of the forest releases stored essential nutrients to soils under cultivation. K and N seem to be lost more rapidly in soils under cultivation than in soils under successional regrowth.It was observed that under shifting cultivation essential nutrients build up temporarily; P and Ca rapidly build up in cultivated soils to values much higher than their original values in the forest soils. Six years after the cessation of cultivation, the soil nutrient level of the successional regrowth was still far from being restored to the level of the primary forest soils.Seedlings and resprouts were equally important in the vegetation recovery of burnt and unburnt clear-cut forest. Seedlings of pioneer woody species established themselves in the burnt and unburnt plots within 4 months. Secondary regrowth in the burnt plot appeared better than in the unburnt plot, although resprouts played a more significant role in the unburnt plot. 相似文献
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Advances in molecular, biochemical, and physiological techniques for studying forest soil microbial communities are making it possible to assess the diversity, composition, and functioning of these complex communities. These new approaches avoid the limitations associated with isolating bacteria and fungi in the lab and are based on DNA, membrane phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), and carbon source utilization. There are, however, limitations associated with these newer methods that need to be appreciated when applying them and interpreting results. Applications of community profiling approaches have advanced our understanding of the functional role of microbial diversity in forest soils, controls on microbial community composition, variability of communities among and within forest ecosystems, and responses to disturbance and forest management activities. Finally, several research directions are identified with potential for greater insight into the link between the microbial community and processes in forest soils. 相似文献
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Rachel C. Pinho Sonia S. Alfaia Robert Pritchard Miller Katell Uguen Leovone D. Magalhães Marta Ayres Viviane Freitas Ralph Trancoso 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,81(3):235-247
Homegardens are a common feature of indigenous dwellings in the savannas of Roraima, northern Brazil. In order to evaluate the effect of homegardens on soils, samples were taken in 5 sites each in the categories new homegardens (0–10-years old), established homegardens (15–35-years old) and old homegardens (more than 40-years old) and in adjacent savanna in Araçá Indigenous Land, Roraima, Brazil. For comparison, samples were also taken in forest islands located nearby, on a different soil type, under 10-year-old forest fallows and high forest. P and K showed the greatest increases over time in homegarden soils, in comparison with levels found in adjacent savanna and under forest. Ca and Mg also increased in comparison to adjacent savanna, but levels were less than found in forest soils, most likely due to the different parent material. Zn and Fe also showed increases in homegarden soils over time. Cu and Mn levels showed little relation to homegarden age, suggesting greater effects of factors of soil formation than anthropogenic influences. Values for pH were slightly higher in homegardens than in adjacent savanna, while Al was lower, although these changes were poorly fit by regression models. Soil organic matter increased over time under homegardens, but still was lower than levels found under fallows and forest. Soil fertility improvement under indigenous homegardens can be attributed mainly to deposition of residues around dwellings, although further investigation is needed on the role of trees in accessing nutrient pools at greater depths in savanna soils. 相似文献
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以莲花山白盘珠自然保护区针阔混交林、季风常绿阔叶林和山地常绿阔叶林表层土壤（0~20 cm）为对象,测定了土壤pH 值及主要养分含量,并应用相关分析法,探究了不同养分间的相关性。结 果表明：（1）山地常绿阔叶林土壤pH 值显著低于针阔混交林和季风常绿阔叶林;（2）森林土壤有机质、 全氮（N）、全磷（P）、速效N、有效P 含量在不同森林类型间差异显著：山地常绿阔叶林土壤有机质、 全 N、全P 显著高于针阔混交林和季风常绿阔叶林;针阔混交林土壤速效 N 含量最高,但有效 P 含量最 低;（ 3）3 种森林土壤全N 与全P 含量均存在极显著相关性,但其它养分间的相关性随森林类型而异, 表明森林类型对土壤养分的影响既有普遍性,又有特异性。 相似文献
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微生物通常是土壤中有机质分解以及养分积累的积极参与者,因此,对林地土壤微生物分析,是森林生态系统中物质循环的重要内容之一。本文仅就两年的调查研究,对其中丝状真菌和固氮菌在三个森林类型林地的分布状况及组成特征进行初步分析。 相似文献
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Precipitation of mineral phosphate is often recognized as a factor of limiting the availability of P in acidic soils of tropical
and subtropical forests. For this paper, we studied the extractable P pools and their transformation rates in soils of a tropical
evergreen forest at Xishuangbanna and a subtropical montane wet forest at the Ailao Mountains in order to understand the biogeochemical
processes regulating P availability in acidic soils. The two forests differ in forest humus layer; it is deep in the Ailao
forest while little is present in the Xishuangbanna forest. The extractable P pools by resin and sodium-bicarbonate decreased
when soil organic carbon content was reduced. The lowest levels of extractable P pools occurred in the surface (0–10 cm) mineral
soils of the Xishuangbanna forest. However, microbial P in the mineral soil of the Xishuangbanna forest was twice that in
the Ailao forest. Potential rates of microbial P immobilization were greater than those of organic P mineralization in mineral
soils for both forests. We suggest that microbial P immobilization plays an essential role in avoiding mineral P precipitation
and retaining available P of plant in tropical acidic soils, whereas both floor mass accumulation and microbial P immobilization
function benefit retaining plant available P in subtropical montane wet forests.
Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(7): 2,294–2,300 [译自: 生态学报] 相似文献
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An experiment in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica investigated the consequences of three land-use treatments applied following forest clearance on soil fertility and resulting crop growth over a five year period. The treatments were: maintained weed-free without cultivation (bare); cultivated with herbaceous crops (agriculture); and cultivated with herbaceous crops and intercropped with Calliandra calothyrsus contour hedges (agroforestry) and compared with an uncleared secondary forest control (forest). Nitrogen mineralisation rates declined over time since forest clearance in the cleared treatments, but not in the forest. In the second and third years after clearance nitrogen mineralisation was higher under the hedgerows than all other treatments. However, by the fifth year this had reduced to net immobilization (both under and between hedgerows). Under controlled shade-house conditions bioassay plant growth was similar in soil from agricultural plots and from forest plots. In all the soils bioassay plant growth showed a slight (not significant) positive response to P addition. However, it did show a large positive response to N addition in all soils: most for agriculture soils, least for forest soils and intermediate for agroforestry. Crop plants growing in the agroforestry plots had significantly higher growth than those in the agriculture plots. This was sufficient to lead to grain yield per hectare being only 5% lower in agroforestry plots despite there being c. 20% fewer maize plants per hectare than in the agriculture plots. However, the results suggest that there was no clear positive effect of C. calothyrsus on soil fertility five years after establishment.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Arjan M. G. de Bruijn Rüdiger Grote Klaus Butterbach-Bahl 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(5):755-773
Emissions of N2O from forest soils in Europe are an important source of global greenhouse gas emissions. However, influencing the emission
rates by forest management is difficult because the relations and feedbacks between forest and soils are complex. Process-based
models covering both vegetation and soil biogeochemical processes are frequently used to analyse emission patterns. Particularly,
the simulation of soil C and N turnover processes driving N2O production, consumption and emission from forest soils requires highly specific input data which renders their regional
application difficult since at this scale, soil conditions are often not well understood. Therefore, a soil C and N model
(DecoNit) has been developed which describes biogeochemical processes with a simplified structure compared to existing carbon/nitrogen
models that nevertheless follows the basic physical and chemical laws involved and which allows to simulate N trace gas emissions.
The DecoNit model was previously calibrated using an extensive dataset on decomposition rates of incubated plant materials,
microbial dynamics and nitrification. The DecoNit model has now been embedded in a modular simulation environment (MoBiLE)
where it is combined with soil water balance and forest process sub-modules. Here, we present the evaluation of MoBiLE-DecoNit
with emission data of N2O and NO from forest soils of 15 European sites and compare simulation results with a previous study in which a more complex
model (PnET-N-DNDC) was used. Evaluation criteria were as follows: (1) precision of modelled annual average emission rates;
(2) coherence of modelled and measured annual average and daily emissions; (3) a dynamic representation of emission rates
that correspond with the observed variance of fluxes. The results show that MoBiLE-DecoNit captures average annual emission
rates more precisely than the more complex model PnET-N-DNDC. Also the structural underestimation of N trace gas fluxes from
forest soils was resolved. Moreover, we present evidence that the new modelling approach is also somewhat more adequate for
describing inter-daily emission dynamics. The combined MoBiLE-DecoNit is therefore thought to be a promising approach to simulate
forest development and greenhouse gas balances on site and regional scales. 相似文献