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发酵床养猪技术的应用研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
发酵床养猪技术一种是新型的无公害饲养技术,它利用全新的自然农业理念和微生物处理技术,实现养猪低排放、无臭气、缓解规模养猪场的环境污染问题,是一种全新的环保养猪方式。与常规水泥地面饲养方式相比,发酵床养殖模式可显著改善猪舍环境和猪的福利,有利于猪只的健康生长,并改善生产性能,其环保性和经济性优势明显,应用前景广阔。 相似文献
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近年来,我国生猪产业得到突飞猛进的发展。规模化、集约化的养殖场不断增加,与此同时,猪舍粪便、污水的排放也日益剧增,成为制约生猪产业发展的主要因素。微生物发酵床养猪模式是一种新型的健康养殖方式,利用全新的自然农业理念和微生物发酵技术,实现养猪低排放、无臭气、 相似文献
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微生物发酵床养猪模式是近年来我国各地探索的一种新型养猪模式,与常规养猪模式相比,有一些优点。目前,国内有关微生物发酵菌床养猪模式对育肥猪生长发育的效果已有大量研究,而对保育猪生产的影响研究较少。本文就发酵床养猪技术对保育猪生产性能、猪舍环境、抗病力和猪肉品质等方面的影响进行阐述,旨在为发酵床养猪技术在保育猪阶段的推广应用提供参考。 相似文献
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孟现成 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2014,(9):16-18
微生物发酵床养猪模式是近年来我国各地探索的一种新型的养猪模式。目前,国内有关微生物发酵床养猪模式对育肥猪生长发育的效果已有大量研究,而对保育猪生产的影响研究较少。本文就发酵床养猪技术对保育猪生产性能、猪舍环境、抗病力、猪肉品质等方面的影响进行综述,旨在为发酵床养猪技术在保育猪阶段的推广应用提供参考。 相似文献
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微生物发酵床养猪模式是我国各地探索的一种新型的养猪模式,与常规养猪模式相比,具有一些优点。目前,国内有关微生物发酵菌床养猪模式对育肥猪生长发育的效果已有大量研究,而对保育猪生产的影响研究较少。近年来,微生物发酵床养猪技术以其＂三省（省料、省工、省水）、两提（提高抗病力和肉品质）、一增（增加效益）、低排（污物排放低）＂的特点,在各地得到大力示范推广和发展[。 相似文献
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低磷日粮对生长猪生产性能、养分消化率和经济效益的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用288头体重26kg左右、体质健康的杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪,随机分为两组,每组三个重复,以玉米-豆粕-小麦型为基础日粮,对照组日粮参照NRC(1998)标准设计,试验组日粮添加0.33%的磷酸氢钙,且日粮的有效磷(AP)水平为0.205%。试验期30d。研究了低磷日粮对生长猪的生长性能、养分利用及其对环境的影响。结果表明:在不影响猪磷营养需要的条件下,能有效的改善猪排泄物中磷对环境的污染,具有极大的经济和生态效益。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究日粮中应用生物制剂对发酵床育肥后期猪生长性能、血清生化指标及内分泌激素的影响.选取健康无病的70 kg左右的苏钟猪120头,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头猪.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加生物制剂(包括植酸酶、复合酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌),预试期7 d,正试期28 d.结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重提高了4.62%,料重比降低了6.53%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05).与对照组相比,试验组血清中甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著降低(P<0.01),其他血清生化指标均无显著差异(P>0.05).与对照组相比,试验组血清中胰岛素(INS)和胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-Ⅰ)含量分别显著和极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),血清中甲状腺素(T3、T4)、生长激素(GH)含量虽有升高的趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05).综上所述,在发酵床育肥后期猪日粮中添加生物制剂,可提高猪的生长性能,改善营养物质代谢水平,降低血清中TG的含量,并提高猪血清中IGF-Ⅰ及INS的含量,改善猪体内内分泌激素的水平,建议生产中在发酵床育肥后期猪日粮中应用由植酸酶、复合酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌组成的生物制剂. 相似文献
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通过建立生物发酵床,利用垫料中有益菌群的占位、生物热消毒、杀菌抑菌原理,配套疾病综合控制措施,对比观察了育肥猪的疾病发生情况。结果表明:发酵床条件下育肥猪的发病率降低了10.07%;因病死亡率降低1.65%;头均防治费降低5.60元,降低了52.8%;场内原有的猪瘟、猪丹毒、猪肺疫、仔猪副伤寒、传染性鼻炎、关节炎的发病得到了有效控制;胃肠炎、蛔虫、疥癣及感冒等的发病率也出现大幅度下降趋势,分别降低8.5%、12.1%、10.6%和3.8%,;生物发酵床改善了猪舍环境,增强了猪的体况,提高了免疫效果,保障了猪群的健康。 相似文献
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Guinea pigs were fed either aflatoxin or rubratoxin in concentrations known to reduce serum complement activity. Depression of complement activity was accompanied by a decrease in C4. The measurement of C4 by radial immunodiffusion indicated it to be a useful and simple procedure for testing the effect of hepatotoxic mycotoxins on a component of the complement system of guinea pigs. 相似文献
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M.H. Fahmy 《Livestock Production Science》1975,2(3):247-259
A total of 315 crossbred females (gilts) ranging in weight from 14 to 68 kg was split between pole-type and a closed piggery (cold and moderate environments, respectively One third of the pigs in each piggery was fed a growing ration ad libitum, the remaining pigs were restrictively fed 80% of the amount consumed by the first group. Data on ultrasonic backfat probe, estimated market index, and age were taken on the pigs at 90 kg live weight. Results indicated that the effect of environmental temperature was very small on backfat thickness and carcass index, but was significant on age. The pigs fed ad libitum had 10.2% thicker backfat, were 4 points inferior in index, but were 13 days younger at 90 kg (P < 0.01) than those restrictively fed. When the gilts exhibited their first oestrus after 90 kg live weight, half of the pigs restrictively fed were flushed by feeding them ad libitum for one oestrus cycle. All gilts were bred at the second oestrus. The gilts raised in a cold environment were 4 kg lighter, farrowed litters 0.2 larger and 0.5 kg heavier than those raised in the moderate environment. Gilts restrictively fed, then flushed gained 3 kg on flushing and farrowed litters averaging 10.7 pigs, 0.2 and 0.8 pigs larger than those of the gilts fed ad libitum and not flushed respectively. Significant differences between crosses were observed in all the traits studied except gestation length and litter size. There was little effect on the different traits of the initial weight at which the gilts were exposed to the treatment. 相似文献
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Amblyomma parvum is a widespread Neotropical tick found on several domestic animals and is known to harbor a Rickettsia species of yet unknown pathogenicity. However its life cycle on, and suitability of, several of these hosts has not been described. In this work the biology of A. parvum is presented when fed on seven domestic hosts (chicken, dog, rabbit, horse, guinea pig, cattle and goat). The complete life cycle of the tick varied from 96.8 to 102 days. Highest engorgement weight of larvae was from ticks fed on horses and that of nymphs from guinea pigs. Highest larval yield was from guinea pigs and that of nymphs from horses. Engorged female and egg mass weights, yield and conversion of female weight to eggs rates were the highest in dog ticks and the lowest in goat ticks. The highest egg hatching rate was seen in ticks from dogs and the lowest in ticks from cattle. Overall it was seen that dogs were the best host for adult A. parvum ticks, and guinea pigs for immatures. Horses were also shown to be a good host for all tick stages. It can thus be affirmed that A. parvum is a host generalist tick, and its distribution is probably determined by environmental requirements rather than by hosts. 相似文献
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Liquid diets accelerate the growth of early-weaned pigs and the effects are maintained to market weight 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Piglets (n = 240, 11.0+/-0.1 d old, 3.93+/-0.05 kg) were allotted to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to examine the effects of diet physical form and nursery environment during the first 14 d after weaning on growth to market weight. During the treatment period, pigs were housed (10 pigs/ pen) in either a conventional hot nursery (30 degrees C) or a segregated-temperature nursery (cool ambient temp. of 24 degrees C, with enclosed hot-box hovers at 32 degrees C). Pigs in each environment were fed nutritionally identical diets in either liquid or dry-pellet form for 14 d. Subsequently, all pigs were fed identical dry diets and were housed in common grower-finisher facilities (penned by sex, five pigs/pen). At the end of the treatment period (d 14), pigs fed the liquid diet were 21% heavier than pigs fed the dry pellet diet (9.22 vs 7.60 kg; P < 0.001). Similarly, gain, feed intake, and gain/feed of liquid-fed pigs were 44%, 18%, and 22% greater, respectively, than observed for pigs fed the dry pellet diet. No main effect of environment was observed (P > 0.10); however, an interaction with diet physical form occurred during the early-nursery period (P < 0.01). Pigs fed the liquid diet showed better performance in the conventional nursery, whereas pigs fed the dry pellet diet were favored in the segregated-temperature nursery. No major differences in growth performance or in ultrasound carcass measurements were detected during the growing-finishing period; however, the advantage in body weight of liquid-fed pigs gained during the first 2 wk postweaning was maintained to the end of the trial (113.9 vs 110.6 kg; P < 0.05). Pigs that were fed the early-nursery diet in liquid form reached market weight (110 kg) 3.7 d sooner than the dry-fed controls (P < 0.01). Estimates of lean gain (calculated from live ultrasound data) were unaffected, suggesting that composition of growth was not altered. Collectively, these results show that liquid feeding during early life can markedly accelerate piglet growth performance and that the growth advantage is maintained to market weight, with no evidence of compensatory gain in the dry-fed control pigs. 相似文献
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The effects of thermal environment and spray-dried plasma on the acute-phase response of pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Forty barrows (TR4 x C22) were weaned at 17 d of age (BW = 6.27 +/- 0.30 kg), housed (two pigs/pen) in a thermal-neutral environment (TN; constant 26.7 degrees C), and fed diets with or without 7% (as-fed basis) spray-dried plasma (SDP). On d 7, one pig/ pen was moved into a cold environment (CE; constant 15.6 degrees C). Pigs were fitted with jugular catheters on d 11. On d 12, 16 pigs per environment (eight pigs per dietary treatment) were challenged i.v. with 75 microg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg of BW. Blood samples were collected over a 4.5-h period. Pigs were then killed and tissue samples were harvested for messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis. From d 0 to 7, pigs fed SDP diets had a lower gain:feed ratio (G/F) than pigs fed no SDP (533 +/- 14 vs. 585 +/- 17 g/kg; P < 0.03). Pigs housed in the CE consumed more feed and had a lower G/F than pigs housed in TN from d 7 to 11 (P < 0.001). There were no environment x diet interactions from d 7 to 11 (P > 0.78). Baseline concentrations of serum ACTH and cortisol were lower in the TN pigs than in the CE pigs (P < 0.001). Pigs fed diets without SDP had lower serum cortisol concentrations over the 4.5-h period than pigs fed SDP (time x diet, P < 0.001). Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were highest for pigs consuming SDP in the CE, whereas there were no differences among the other treatments (time x diet x environment, P < 0.02). Pigs housed in the CE had higher serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) (P < 0.001) and interleukin-6 (IL-6; P < 0.001) than TN pigs. Pigs fed SDP also had slightly higher serum IL-1beta concentrations (P < 0.10) and higher (P < 0.001) IL-6 concentrations than pigs fed no SDP. Pigs fed SDP had 9% lower liver and 13% lower thymus mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) than pigs that consumed no SDP (P < 0.06). Liver IL-1beta, IL-6, and LPS-binding protein mRNA were higher in the CE than in the TN (P < 0.03, P < 0.001, and P < 0.05; respectively). In addition, spleen TNF-alpha (P < 0.03) and IL-6 (P < 0.01) mRNA levels were higher in the CE than in the TN. Pigs consuming SDP and challenged with LPS responded with elevated serum concentrations of cortisol and cytokines compared with pigs fed diets with no SDP. Housing pigs in a CE increased the baseline concentrations of ACTH and cortisol, and when coupled with an LPS challenge, resulted in elevated serum and tissue mRNA levels of cytokines. Cold stress and feeding SDP during a LPS challenge may result in increased stress and immune responses in young pigs. 相似文献