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1.
以青枯雷尔氏菌RS-1403作为外源微生物,研究不同浓度青枯雷尔氏菌胁迫对烟草植株叶片PPO、POD、SOD酶活性的影响。结果表明:PPO和POD酶活性总和显著高于对照,而SOD酶活性总和除了处理2(接种浓度为2.35×10~4CFU/mL)外,其余的各个处理的均低于对照。烟草植株的根部、茎部和叶片的POD、PPO和SOD酶活性总和明显高于对照处理,并且其酶活性达到高峰的时间有所不同。胁迫接种5 d后,烟草植株叶片和茎部的POD酶活性和对照处理的比值最大,胁迫接种10 d后,烟草植株根部POD酶活性比值最大。烟草植株叶片和根部在接种15 d后,PPO酶活性和对照处理的比值达到最大,茎部PPO酶活性在接种5 d后比值最大。接种20 d后,处理烟草植株叶片和茎部的SOD酶活性和对照处理的比值达到最大,接种后25 d,根部SOD酶活性比值最大。  相似文献   

2.
促生菌CH1诱导黄瓜对猝倒病抗性的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
 采用分根法研究了植物生长促生菌CH1诱导黄瓜对猝倒病的抗性以及黄瓜植株经CH1处理后根部与叶部组织的超氧化物歧化酶( SOD) 、过氧化物酶( POD) 、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 、多酚氧化酶( PPO) 和苯丙氨酸解氨酶( PAL) 的活性变化。结果表明, 促生菌CH1提高了黄瓜的成苗率, 处理后的28 d, 猝倒病相对防效高达78.64% , 推测促生菌CH1使黄瓜产生的诱导抗性是其防病的主要原因。黄瓜经CH1处理并同时接种腐霉菌后, 处理根部与未处理叶部组织中SOD、POD、CAT、PPO和PAL活性都明显高于其它处理, 其根部这些酶的活性分别在处理后3、3、5、5和5 d时出现高峰, 叶部酶活性变化基本与根部的相吻合。表明这些酶活性的提高与CH1诱导的黄瓜对猝倒病抗性可能有一定的相关性, 而且CH1对这些酶活性的诱导具有系统性。  相似文献   

3.
In southern China, potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are grown in the late season and the crops are often subjected to low temperature stress particularly during the tuber bulking stage. Exogenous chlorocholine chloride (CCC) treatment has been found to improve crop performance under suboptimal growth conditions; however, the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects have not been fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CCC treatment on mineral nutrition, antioxidant enzyme system, and tuber yield of potato (cv. Zhongshu 3) under field conditions. The plants were foliar sprayed twice with 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g l−1 CCC at 24 and 28 days after emergence (DAE), respectively; and plants without CCC treatment were serviced as control. Leaf samples were collected on 56 DAE for determination of mineral nutrition contents and antioxidant enzyme activity. Results showed that 1.5 and 2.0 g l−1 CCC treatments significantly increased the contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in potato leaves. These treatments also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the leaves. A positive linear relationship was found between SOD activity and the content of Fe + Mn + Zn + Cu. Tuber yield was significantly increased by CCC treatment. It is concluded that treatment with certain concentration of CCC (e.g. 1.5–2.0 g l−1) improves mineral nutrition and SOD, POD and CAT activities in potato leaves; which might have contributed to the higher tuber yield of the crop grown under suboptimal conditions.  相似文献   

4.
The effect of supplementary phosphorus on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Target F1) plants grown at high boron was investigated. The results showed that high B reduced dry matter, fruit yield and chlorophyll content. High B plus 0.5 or 1 mM P increased plant dry matter, fruit yield and chlorophyll concentrations as compared to high B treatments only. Membrane permeability was not increased significantly due to high B application. In the leaves of plants grown at high boron treatments, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) levels were increased. However, supplementary P to nutrient solution containing high B reduced the activities of the earlier mentioned enzymes in leaves but their levels were still higher than those at the control treatments. The study revealed that B status affects the activities of some antioxidant enzymes examined. Boron (B) concentrations increased in leaves and roots in the highest external B treatment as compared to the control treatment. Concentrations of Ca, P and K were significantly lower in the leaves of plants grown at high B than those in the control plants. Supplemented nutrient solution containing high B with 0.5 or 1 mM P increased the tissue concentrations of nutrients. These results indicate that supplementary P can mitigate the adverse effects of high B on fruit yield and growth in tomato plants.  相似文献   

5.
We found in a previous study that after leaves of kumquat [Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle] cv ‘Nagami’ were inoculated with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), total superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) increased to promote higher H2O2 concentrations that coincided with a 4-fold decline in Xac populations ( Kumar et al., 2011a). The objective of the current study was to determine how activities and isoforms of important enzymes that catabolize H2O2, specifically catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD), and the Class III peroxidases (POD) that are located in the apoplast, change in infected kumquat leaves to affect concentration and compartmentalization of H2O2. DAB (3,3-diaminobenzidine) staining of the Xac-infected leaves confirmed higher overall concentration of H2O2 as in our earlier study. One day after inoculation (dai), APOD activity declined below the controls and declines steadily up to 10 dai when the experiment was terminated. CAT activity was similar to the controls until 4 dai then declined rapidly to about 60% the activity of the controls by 6 dai, after which it remained fairly constant until 10 dai. There were 4 CAT isoforms in control leaves and 5 isoforms in infected leaves. The CAT-1 isoform band was much smaller in infected plants than the control at all sampling times. The CAT-3 isoform band disappeared at 10 dai. The CAT-5 isoform band, which was not observed in control leaves, appeared only at 4 dai in infected leaves. POD activity of infected leaves increased above the controls starting 1 dai and reached a maximum of about 3-fold higher than the controls 8 dai after which it declined. Two POD isoforms were detected in control and infected plants. This study demonstrated that the higher accumulation of H2O2 in kumquat leaves infected with Xac was promoted during pathogenesis first by the suppression of APOD activity and later by suppression of CAT activity. We propose that the higher SOD and lower APOD and CAT activities in the symplast contributed H2O2 substrate for the higher POD activity in the apoplast, which is known to be involved in plant defense against pathogens.  相似文献   

6.
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on ion leakage (IL), proline content and activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) of 1-year-old ‘Olour’ mango plants subjected to NaCl stress. Plants were treated with two levels of salt, i.e., 0.0 g NaCl (control) and 25 g NaCl/25 kg soil and three levels of paclobutrazol (PBZ) solution (0.0 (control), 750 and 1500 mg/l). Ion leakage, proline content and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly altered by both salinity and PBZ treatments. Results indicated that PBZ (1500 mg/l) mitigated the salinity stress and reduced ion leakage of mango seedlings by 64% over non-PBZ-treated salinised plants. PBZ upregulated the endogenous proline content and salinised plants treated with PBZ (1500 mg/l) had 17% higher proline content than salinised plants without PBZ treatment. Higher antioxidant enzyme activity was also observed in salinised plants treated by PBZ than salinised plants without PBZ treatments. Moreover, higher dose of PBZ (1500 mg/l) resulted in higher activity of these enzymes in mango leaves. In comparison to salinised plants without PBZ treatment, salinised plants treated with PBZ (1500 mg/l) had higher SOD (24%), CAT (46%) and POD (163%) activities. Our results suggest that PBZ application under salt stress conditions alters the equilibrium between free radical production and enzymatic defense reactions in mango by enhancing the proline content and free radical scavenging capacity.  相似文献   

7.
An aquaponic system was designed to investigate effects of foliar applications of some micro- and macro-nutrients on tomato growth and yield in comparison with a hydroponic system. Common carp, grass carp and silver carp were stocked in the rearing tanks at 15, 20 and 15 fish m−3, respectively. The fish were fed three times daily with a pellet diet containing 46% protein. Fourteen days old tomatoes seedlings were transplanted on to growth bed units of aquaponic and hydroponic systems after stocking of carp fish for 2.5 months in the rearing tanks. Foliar nutrients application began 30 days after transplantation. Eight treatments were used, untreated control, foliar application at the rate of 250 mL plant−1 with 0.5 g L−1 K2SO4, MgSO4·7H2O, Fe-EDDHA, MnSO4·H2O, H3BO3, ZnCl2, and CuSO4·5H2O. Plants were sprayed twice a month. The results showed that biomass gains of tomatoes were higher in hydroponics as compared to aquaponics. Foliar application of K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and B increased vegetative growth of plants in the aquaponics. In the hydroponics, only Fe and B had positive effects on plant growth. Cluster number per plant in aquaponics was lower than in hydroponics treatments, but it increased with foliar application of elements. There was no difference in fruit number and yield between aquaponics and hydroponics grown plants in the control treatments. Except Cu, foliar spray of all elements significantly increased plant fruit number and yield in the aquaponics in order of: K > Fe > Mn > Zn > Mg > B. In the hydroponics, foliar application of K, Mg and Zn increased fruit number and yield of plants compared to control. These results indicated that foliar application of some elements can effectively alleviate nutrient deficiencies in tomatoes grown on aquaponics.  相似文献   

8.
以生长良好、无病虫害侵染的休眠期洛优7号欧李植株为试材,采用垂直板不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对休眠期欧李植株细根、粗根、一次枝、二次枝4个不同部位韧皮部的POD、CAT和SOD三种酶的同功酶谱带进行分析比较.结果表明:4个部位的韧皮部一共电泳出7条POD和7条SOD同功酶谱带,这两种同功酶谱带在数量和强弱上存在着明显的差异;四个部位的韧皮部一共电泳出4条CAT同功酶谱带,此同功酶谱带在数量和强弱上没有任何的差异.休眠期洛优7号欧李植株POD和SOD同功酶谱带的表达在不同的部位具有差异性,CAT同功酶谱带的表达在不同的部位没有差异性.  相似文献   

9.
This paper analyses the effect of different air temperatures (10, 20 and 30 °C) on the response of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Herminio) to foliar urea applications after growing plants for 20 day with and without nitrogen (N) applied to the growing substrate. Leaf CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence, root respiration, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes were analysed. Spraying plants with urea increased leaf CO2 assimilation of N-deficient plants when applied at 20 or 30 °C, compared with non-sprayed plants. When plants were sprayed with urea at 10 °C chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves was similar to that of plants that were supplied with full N in the nutrient solution. Root respiration was not affected by urea sprays whilst leaf NO3− concentration was increased by urea but only when it was sprayed at 10 or 20 °C. Lipid peroxidation and ascorbate peroxidase in N-deficient plants were reduced significantly by urea sprays, especially when plants were sprayed at 20 °C with N-limitation in the growing substrate. This study shows that N-limitation in the growing substrate induces a temperature-dependant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of pepper and applications of foliar urea can be optimised, when applied at the appropriate temperature, to partly replace the N supplied to the roots of sweet pepper.  相似文献   

10.
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11.
Deficiency of Boron (B) is widespread in the many parts of region of Turkey. So, the effects of boron and plant growth promoting bacteria (Bio-B) on the fruit yield, antioxidant enzyme activity and plant freeze injury of strawberry cv. Fern were investigated under field conditions between 2013 and 2014. The experimental plot was a completely randomized design with 4 replicates. Control and Bio-B were used as fertilizer agent in the experiment. Bio-B fertilizer was applied in three methods as soil, foliar and soil + foliar application methods to strawberry plants. Data through 2 years showed that the use of Bio-B significantly increased fruit yield, antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased freeze injury of strawberry leaf. Soil + foliar applications of Bio-B fertilizer increased to fruit yield compared to the control by 55.91?%. However, foliar application of Bio-B fertilizer increased to catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity compared with the control treatment 41.86?%, 48.99?%, and 26.59?%, respectively and decreased freeze injury of strawberry leaves 27.41?%. Overall, the results of this study suggest that Bio-B fertilizer application have the potential to increase the yield, antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased freeze injury of strawberry plants under field conditions.  相似文献   

12.
Photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll index and leaf area were examined in selected leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Euphorbia). In the first experiment, plants of cucumber were grown horizontally at a lighting period of 20 h day−1. Photosynthetic measurements in horizontally growing cucumbers showed that there was no decline in photosynthetic capacity when cucumber leaves are developing under good light conditions. In a second experiment, plants were grown in a traditional high-wire cultivation system under 20 h day−1 lighting period until they reached final height and then exposed to different lighting periods (20 and 24 h day−1) for 3 weeks. In stands of cucumber plants photosynthetic measurements showed that the lower leaves have a significant reduction in photosynthetic capacity due to reduced light conditions. Three weeks exposure to 24 h day−1 lighting period reduced leaf area by 20%. Plant grown under continuous light had also lower chlorophyll index compared to plants grown under 20 h day−1 lighting period.  相似文献   

13.
蝴蝶兰外植体褐变发生与总酚含量、PPO、POD和PAL的关系   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  
许传俊  李玲 《园艺学报》2006,33(3):671-674
 蝴蝶兰外植体在褐变发生前期PPO和POD活力皆升高, 褐变发生后酶活力下降。同工酶谱分析发现, 培养0 d的蝴蝶兰外植体PPO没有酶带出现, 而POD有1条弱带。离体培养2 d POD出现3条酶带, 第4天有新酶带Ⅰ发生, 随后消失, 其余3条带, 随培养天数的延长, 酶带活性渐弱。PPO同工酶谱在培养2 d出现3条酶带, 迁移率为0128的酶带Ⅲ在培养4 d活性较强, 随后3条酶带减弱。总酚含量和PAL活力随外植体褐变增强而逐渐增加, 两者呈现极显著正相关。  相似文献   

14.
以耐盐性较强的葫芦品种"超丰抗生王"为砧木,以盐敏感型的西瓜品种"秀丽"为接穗,研究了嫁接对盐胁迫下西瓜植株叶片SOD,POD,APX酶活性及其同工酶的影响.研究结果表明,盐胁迫8 d后,嫁接苗株高、茎粗、鲜质量等生长指标受抑制程度均显著低于自根苗,嫁接苗和自根苗SOD,POD,APX活性均降低,但嫁接苗降低程度显著低于自根苗:正常营养液培养8 d后,嫁接植株叶片POD,APX同工酶产生特异条带;盐胁迫8 d后,嫁接苗和自根苗SOD,POD,APX酶谱强度均减弱,但嫁接苗酶谱减弱程度较低.可见,嫁接可调节西瓜植株抗氧化物酶活性及其同工酶基因的表达,缓解盐胁迫对西瓜植株的伤害.  相似文献   

15.
在不同浓度NaCl胁迫条件下,研究了6种砧木的黄瓜嫁接苗以及自根苗的耐盐性生理生化指标的变化。试验结果表明 ：在NaCl胁迫下,嫁接苗叶片光合特性参数(光合速率Pn、气孔导度Gs、胞间CO2浓度Ci)、保护酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧 化物酶POD、过氧化氢酶CAT、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶APX)活性、渗透调节物质(脯氨酸Pro、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白)含量均高于 自根苗,而电解质渗漏率和丙二醛MDA含量低于自根苗。不同砧木嫁接苗的耐盐能力也不同,6种砧木嫁接苗的耐盐性依次为 崛京隆＞DTT-RS-39＞改良火凤凰＞火凤凰＞黑籽南瓜＞优清台木。  相似文献   

16.
铝氟交互处理对茶树生理特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
 通过‘白茶’和‘智仁早茶’在不同铝氟浓度交互处理的水培试验, 研究了茶树的根系活力、叶片的游离脯氨酸含量、质膜透性、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 、过氧化物酶( POD) 和超氧化物岐化酶活性(SOD) 。结果表明: (1) 低浓度铝(30 mg·L -1) 能够增强茶树根系活力和SOD活性, 降低叶质膜透性以及POD和CAT酶活性; (2) 在氟浓度为4和12 mg·L -1时, 与对照相比, 茶叶的酶活性增强, 叶质膜透性和根系活力均低于对照; (3) 铝氟交互处理中, 在低铝低氟- 低铝高氟交互过程中, POD、CAT和SOD活性均呈上升趋势, 可以推断这个铝氟比例范围增强茶树对活性氧的清除, 但低铝高氟处理时, POD和CAT活性均比对照低; 高铝低氟浓度下, 游离脯氨酸含量、根系活力、POD、CAT和SOD活性均较单铝90mg·L -1处理低, 可能铝与氟产生协同作用; 高铝高氟浓度下, 茶苗的POD、CAT和SOD活性较对照高,且叶质膜透性和根系活力比对照低, 表明茶树受到一定伤害。这些结果说明, 铝氟交互作用对茶树生理机制的影响显著优于单铝和单氟处理, 且其作用存在一定比例范围, 两个品种间并不一致。  相似文献   

17.
The effect of exogenous silicon (Si) on the growth, boron (B) uptake, stomatal conductance, lipid peroxidation (MDA), membrane permeability, lipoxygenase activity (LOX), proline and H2O2 accumulation, non-enzymatic antioxidant activity (AA) and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) of spinach were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Spinach plants were grown with 0 or 30 mg kg−1 B combined with 0 and 150 mg kg−1 Si. The severity of leaf symptoms of B toxicity was lower when the plants were grown with 150 mg kg−1 Si. Silicon supplied to the soil with high B counteracted the deleterious effects of B on root and shoot growth. Application of B significantly increased B concentration in shoot and in root tissues. However, Si decreased B concentration in the shoots but increased it in the roots. Shoot tissues of spinach contained higher B than the roots in all treatments. Applied Si increased the Si concentration of the root and shoot. Stomatal conductance of the plants was decreased by B, but was increased by Si. The concentrations of H2O2 and proline were increased by B toxicity but were decreased by Si applied to plants. Boron toxicity increased the membrane permeability, MDA content and LOX activity of excised leaves of spinach. Applied Si ameliorated the membrane deterioration significantly. Compared with control plants, the activities of AA, SOD, CAT and APX in B-stressed plants without Si applied increased, and application of Si decreased their activities under toxic B conditions. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates B toxicity by preventing oxidative membrane damage and also translocation of B from root to shoots. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of Si in improving B tolerance in spinach.  相似文献   

18.
 以鸭梨（Pyrus bretschneideri‘Yali’）为试材,研究外源水杨酸处理后梨叶片中内源水杨酸（SA）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）同工酶的变化特点以及病程相关基因非表达子1（NPR1）对水杨酸的早期应答反应。结果表明：水杨酸处理后梨叶片中内源SA含量升高,其中游离态SA含量随处理浓度增大而逐渐升高,但均显著低于对照;结合态SA随处理增大而逐渐降低,但均显著高于对照。SOD、PPO同工酶酶谱分析结果显示,水杨酸处理后酶谱带表达量增强。接种病菌试验表明,0.200 mmol · L-1 SA可以诱导梨增强对轮纹病的抗性,且诱导处理过的叶片受到病菌侵染时SOD、PPO酶活性增强。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,0.200 mmol · L-1 SA诱导后梨叶片中NPR1表达量明显升高,但NPR1在茎中的表达受到抑制。  相似文献   

19.
Two field experiments were carried out in Egypt during two successive seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009). This study aimed to investigate the response of growth, yield quality and some metabolic constituents of onion (Allium cepa L. cv. ‘Giza 20’) to foliar application of putrescine (Put; 25, 50 and 100 mg L−1) and glutamine (Glut; 50, 100 and 200 mg L−1), the former a diamine and the latter an amino acid, either alone, or in combination. Foliar application of Put and Glut, either alone or in combination, significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight/plant, leaf area, leaf area/plant, bulb length, bulb diameter and weight, as well as yield of onion and quality of bulbs. Total soluble sugars, sulfur compounds, total soluble phenols, total free amino acids and total photosynthetic pigment content in leaves were increased by increasing Put and/or Glut concentrations up to 100 and 200 mg L−1, respectively. Generally, foliar application of Put at 100 mg L−1 and Glut at 200 mg L−1 singly, or combined, effectively increased bulb yield and quality. In conclusion, the yield-contributing characters and quality of onion could be improved by application of Put and/or Glut.  相似文献   

20.
在黄瓜幼苗子叶期及第一真叶期用不同浓度的氯钾离子共体液进行诱导处理,测定黄瓜叶片中的酶活性。结果表明:诱导后各处理的SOD活性均显著高于对照,且呈先升高后降低的趋势,到诱导后10 d各处理达到最大值;POD活性也呈先升高后降低的趋势,诱导初期对照和各处理变化平缓,10 d后急剧升高,15 d达最大值,之后下降,且经诱导后各处理均高于对照;脲酶活性均高于对照,随着时间的推移呈先升高后降低的趋势,诱导后10 d达到峰值。在诱导物浓度为0.5%~1.5%的范围内,黄瓜叶片内各生理生化指标较对照差异最大。  相似文献   

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