共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 908 毫秒
1.
2.
本文利用发根农杆菌A grobacterizum rhizogenes1.2556感染滇黄芩再生苗的茎段和叶片,建立了毛状根培养及其植株再生体系。毛状根可直接从受伤的茎、叶外植体表面产生,在无外源激素的MS固体和液体培养基上自主生长,表现出典型的发根特征。毛状根茎段的诱导率较叶片高,最高可达到14.44%;经rolB基因PCR分析和甘露碱纸电泳检测,证明Ri质粒T-DNA已整合到滇黄芩基因组中并表达;毛状根在附加6-BA2mg/L和NAA0.2mg/L的MS固体培养基上直接诱导不定芽,并在MS培养基上生根,形成再生植株。获得的毛状根系经MS液体培养基培养30d后通过HPLC都能检测到黄芩苷,其中1个转化系黄芩苷含量为2.59%,是药材黄芩的0.20倍,而从3年单位时间黄芩苷生成量计算,毛状根是药材黄芩的7.18倍。本研究建立的毛状根培养体系,将对滇黄芩转基因技术的完善和利用毛状根生产黄芩苷的生物转化提供了实验基础。 相似文献
3.
饲料添加剂用黄芩甙提取工艺条件的优化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了优化饲料添加剂用黄芩甙提取工艺，采用L9(34)正交试验设计方法，对浸提和酸沉工艺进行了优化试验研究，采用紫外分光光度法对提取物黄芩甙进行含量测定。结果表明：浸提较优工艺为A3 B3 C2，即浸提时间1.5 h，浸提温度100℃，浸提pH 7.0；酸沉较优工艺为A′2 B′3 C′1 D′3，即保温时间1.0 h，保温温度80℃，保温pH 1.0，静置时间12 h。经两次正交试验设计所得优化提取工艺可行，提取率为91.56％，含量为94.12％。 相似文献
4.
土壤紧实胁迫对黄芩生长、产量及品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨土壤紧实胁迫对黄芩生长的影响,为提高黄芩产量与品质提供科学依据。通过采用土壤容重分别为1.20、1.35和1.50 g/cm3的土壤模拟不同紧实度进行盆栽试验,研究土壤紧实胁迫对黄芩生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,当土壤容重增大时,黄芩的株高、茎粗、根系芦头、根长、地上部质量、根系质量呈现递减趋势,土壤容重1.35和1.50 g/cm3处理的黄芩地上部质量比1.20 g/cm3处理分别减少了5.88%、22.35%,黄芩的根系干根质量分别减小10.72%、18.76%,且均在土壤容重1.35和1.50 g/cm3处理之间表现差异极显著;土壤容重1.35 g/cm3处理和1.50 g/cm3处理的黄芩苷含量较1.20 g/cm3处理分别减少了23.95%、52.75%,且土壤容重1.35与1.50 g/cm3处理之间差异显著;黄芩的根系活力下降,叶片可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强。在本试验条件下,土壤容重为1.20 g/cm3时黄芩生长发育良好,生物产量、有效成分含量最高。 相似文献
5.
氮磷钾对黄芩生长与有效成分累积的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
探讨氮磷钾营养对黄芩生长动态、产量和有效成分累积的影响,为黄芩的合理施肥提供依据。通过大田试验,采用氮磷钾三因素二次饱和-D最优设计方案(310),定期采样,测定植株的生长指标、根中黄酮和黄芩苷的含量,计算产量,得到合理施肥量。结果表明:单施氮肥最有利于黄芩株高的生长;施磷肥可以促进黄芩根直径、根干重和产量的增加;磷钾配施可以显著提高根冠比和经济系数;单施磷肥最有利于黄芩根中黄酮和黄芩苷的累积。综合考虑各因素,氮磷钾配施优于单施和两两配施,N1P3K3(N 53.13 kg/hm2、P2O5224.89kg/hm2、K2O 224.89 kg/hm2)和N3P3K1(N 149.93 kg/hm2、P2O5224.89 kg/hm2、K2O 79.70 kg/hm2)为较优的两个施肥处理。 相似文献
6.
为探究黄芩叶斑病的病原种类,筛选有效的杀菌剂,本研究从甘肃省定西市陇西县黄芩主产区采集黄芩叶斑病病叶,采用组织分离法进行病原物的分离,通过病原菌的形态特征并结合rDNA转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)、过敏原基因(Alt a1)、质膜腺苷三磷酸基因(ATPase)和组蛋白基因(His 3)4个基因序列对病原菌进行种类鉴定,采用菌丝生长速率法测定4种杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,引起陇西县黄芩叶斑病的病原菌为茄链格孢(Alternaria solani)和细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),其中细极链格孢为优势病原菌;室内毒力测定表明,97%咯菌腈的抑菌作用最强,对茄链格孢(A. solani)和细极链格孢(A. tenuissima)均有较好的抑菌作用,EC50分别为0.06和0.04 mg·L-1。本研究在国内首次报道了茄链格孢(A. solani)和细极链格孢(A. tenuissima)是引起黄芩叶斑病的病原菌,可为科学诊断该病害、研究其发生规律和田间防治提供理论基础和科学依据。 相似文献
7.
8.
不同施水量对黄芩干物质积累与分配的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究施水量对黄芩的影响，确定适宜黄芩生长的水分条件，在黄芩生长季节模拟降水量设4种不同施水量处理，测定黄芩生长形态指标和各器官干物质重量，计算黄芩各器官干重占总生物量大小。结果表明，施水量多的处理和施水量少的处理根干重、地上千重、总生物量较低，施水量不足对黄芩地上部的影响大于对根部的影响；中度和轻度水分胁迫处理黄芩根重、地上重、总生物量较高；黄芩比较耐旱，年降水量在321～450mm，黄芩生长季节降水量在250～350mm，黄芩地上部与地下部生长协调，各器官物质分配合理，产量高。 相似文献
9.
基于熵权物元模型的黄芩适宜生境区划 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)是中国3级野生保护药材物种。利用生境适宜性评价模型对黄芩的适宜生境进行区划,并计算各适宜生境面积,为保护和实现黄芩资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。[方法]利用熵权物元模型,建立黄芩标志性药用成分黄芩苷(C21H18O11)含量与15个环境评价因子之间的模糊隶属函数,采用熵值法确定各评价因子权重,结合GIS空间分析模拟中国黄芩生境适宜区地理空间分布。[结果]中国黄芩不适宜生境、低适宜生境、中适宜生境和高适宜生境的面积分别为5.07×106,1.65×106,1.88×106和1.00×106 km2,其中高适宜生境主要集中在秦岭—淮河一线以北,以河南、山东、辽宁、陕西中南部、河北、吉林、黑龙江南部、山西南部等地区为显著代表,此外云南、安徽等省也有少量分布,与实际分布范围极为吻合。[结论]评价因子中平均日较差、降水季节性变化、最湿月降水量以及坡向基本控制了黄芩的地理空间分布。 相似文献
10.
11.
采集草海流域周边成熟期整株农作物及土壤样品,分析测试其中DDTs和HCHs的含量,对比研究了土壤和作物中DDTs和HCHs污染水平及其在作物中富集能力。结果表明：研究区域土壤中HCHs和DDTs残留检出率均为100％,残留范围分别为0．06～16．66μg·kg^-1和0．08-39．77μg·kg^-1,土壤中HCHs和DDTs的残留量均小于国家土壤环境质量一级标准;三种农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）残留量差异显著,HCHs含量最高的是玉米,DDTs和（DDTs,HCHs）最高的是马铃薯;三种农作物中HCHs和DDTs残留的风险系数均为1．1,属于低度风险,农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）的安全指数IFSc均小于1,DDTs和HCHs残留量对三种农作物安全影响的风险是可以接受的。 相似文献
12.
自 1991年长江上游水土保持重点防治区滑坡、泥石流预警系统运作以来 ,陇南陕南片成功预报和处理滑坡、泥石流险情 10 3处 ,保护人口 11 6 8万 ,避免经济和财产损失 11879 6 5万元 ,取得了良好的社会效益。主要做法及经验是 :依靠各级政府 ,健全预警网络 ;广泛深入宣传 ,增强防灾意识 ;健全管理制度 ,落实岗位职责 ;强化技术培训 ,提高业务技能 ;加强检查指导 ,现场解决问题 ;及时调查险情 ,做好技术服务 ;预防治理结合 ,注重减灾实效。 相似文献
13.
Mariola Staniak Jolanta Bojarszczuk Jerzy Księżak 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(3):255-263
Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among environmental factors, water is globally one of the most limiting for crop production. Water resources in the world are steadily diminishing and in many areas, including Poland, more frequent periods of drought are being observed. The aim of the study was to compare the yields and gas exchange parameters of Festulolium hybrid (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) and alfalfa (Medicago?×?varia T. Martyn) under different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and cultivation method (pure stand and mixture). The study has shown that all the measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry mass yield were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. Alfalfa grown in a pure sowing showed the strongest reaction to stress, while hybrid Festulolium grown in mixture showed the weakest. It was also found that under stress, grass assimilated CO2 and evaporated water much more intensively in mixture cultivation than in pure sowing. Higher water use efficiency (WUE) was observed in alfalfa and Festulolium growing in mixture only in the first year of the study. 相似文献
14.
Helena Azevedo Clara Gomes Glória Pinto Conceição Santos 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2233-2241
Mechanisms preventing oxidative burst in cells exposed to high metal concentrations are crucial for cell survival. In this report, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was used as a model species to investigate: (a) how cadmium (Cd) affects plant defense pathways (in particular, those involved in preventing oxidative stress), and (b) whether antioxidative enzymes of plants and of in vitro cell culture (calluses) have similar responses to Cd exposure. For this experiment, plants (grown hydroponically on Long Ashton medium) and calluses (grown on Murashige and Skoog medium) were exposed for three weeks to different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). Solute and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration in the external medium and in exposed leaves, and less in exposed calluses. Cadmium exposure also reduced significantly soluble protein contents in both leaves and calluses. The activities of catalase and peroxidase decreased significantly in 50 and 500 μ M-exposed leaves compared with the control, but increased in 5 μ M-exposed calluses, decreasing in the calluses exposed 500 μ M Cd. The decrease in antioxidative enzymes activities is congruent with the decrease in membrane integrity and suggests that calluses develop antioxidant mechanisms that respond better to Cd stress than do leaves. On average, 100% of plants exposed for 21 d to 500 μ M and 95% of plants exposed for 45 d to 50 μ M Cd were dead. After 45 d, only 53% of 50 μ M-exposed calluses had died. These surviving calluses were maintained on 50 μ M for six months. Six-month-old exposed calluses had higher activities of peroxidase and catalase when compared with control calluses, as well as lower membrane degradation. These data show that calluses are more tolerant than plants to Cd exposure, and that antioxidant mechanisms under Cd exposure may differ between the two cell systems and vary with time. 相似文献
15.
当前,肯尼亚和中国在生产足够粮食以保障粮食安全方面都面临着严峻的挑战。尤其是对于肯尼亚而言,因为其2100年预测的人口将达到2018年的1.4倍,且其粮食生产在过去并没有大幅度的改善。而中国近些年粮食生产能力显著提高。本文系统分析了肯尼亚和中国农业资源投入、种植业和畜牧业单产水平的历史变化,以及农业资源投入与产量之间的关系,为肯尼亚粮食危机和消灭贫困提供更多的理论支撑。研究结果表明,在20世纪60年代,肯尼亚耕地、草地和降水等自然资源人均占有量比中国高2~3倍,且人均食物能量和蛋白质供应显著高于中国。当前,肯尼亚人均资源拥有量仍高出中国约30%,但是其人均食品供应和粮食自给率却远低于中国平均水平。这是由于与肯尼亚相比,中国在种植业和畜牧业长期持续的投入,大幅度地增加了种植业和畜牧业能量或蛋白质单产水平。1961-2017年,中国和肯尼亚作物蛋白的平均单产分别增加282%和44%。中国的数据表明,种植业和畜牧业单产水平与肥料、精饲料、机械和农药的投入具有显著正相关性;农牧业生产结构对单产水平的变化影响也很大,如种植业中蔬菜和水果播种面积占比,畜牧业中单胃动物饲养占比等。总的来说,农业资源投入和农业结构对生产力的提高都有很大的影响,这可能是肯尼亚提高农业生产力的潜在选择。 相似文献
16.
17.
Earthworm casts and adjacent uningested soil from 30 different locations were compared to determine the abundance and diversity of fungal species. The casts contained larger fungal populations (g-1 dry soil weight) and numbers of fungal species than the soil. Variations in these parameters between casts and soil were statistically significant (P=0.05). Fungal populations and the number of fungal species in casts and soil also varied significantly (P=0.05) between samples from different locations. A total of 27 fungal species were recorded from the casts and soil. Indices of dominance (0.084 casts; 0.14 soil) and general diversity (2.53 casts; 2.02 soil) demonstrated that the casts displayed more diverse fungal flora than the soil. The diversity of fungal species increased in earthworm casts after passing through the earthworm gut. 相似文献
18.
云南省各级党政领导重视和支持水土保持 ,积极出台有关法规、政策 ,为搞好水土保持工作提供了保障。治理中坚持高起点要求 ,有力地推动了水保产业化建设。适应市场经济要求 ,大力发展水土保持专业户、重点户 ,调动社会各方面力量参与水土流失治理开发。介绍了具体的做法、成效及今后做好水保工作的思路。 相似文献
19.
Agerbirk N Petersen BL Olsen CE Halkier BA Nielsen JK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(3):1502-1507
A novel indole glucosinolate, 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin (1,4-dimethoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate), was isolated as the desulfo derivative from roots of the P-type of Barbarea vulgaris ssp. arcuata, and its structure was determined by spectroscopy including 2D NMR spectroscopy. 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate) was isolated as the desulfo derivative from green siliques (fruits) of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified by comparison of its (1)H NMR spectrum with the spectrum of the known desulfoglucosinolate from Brassica napus. The delayed elution of desulfo indole glucosinolates from the DEAE Sephadex column used in sample preparation was examined, and the diode-array UV spectra of desulfo indole glucosinolates were measured, to ensure a reliable determination of 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin with the existing analysis method based on the HPLC of desulfoglucosinolates. 1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin was not detected in 10 other Arabidopsis, Brassica, and Barbarea species, indicating an evolutionarily recent mutation in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis in B. vulgaris ssp. arcuata type P. 相似文献
20.
Gorinstein S Leontowicz H Leontowicz M Najman K Bielecki W Ham KS Kang SG Paredes-Lopez O Martinez-Ayala AL Trakhtenberg S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7441-7451
The aim of this investigation was to compare the liver and aorta changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets and the possible improvement when diets would be supplemented with frequently used raw vegetables. The phenolic compounds of three vegetables in methanol-water (1:1) fraction were characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS). Results showed that the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, flavanols, tannins, and ascorbic acid varied for garlic and white and red onions ranging from 6.68 to 18.08 mg GAE/g DW, 490.4-701.0 μg CE/g DW, 281.2-1100.0 μg, 32.40-41.30 μg CE/g DW, 2.88-3.12 mg CE/g DW, 1.87-2.33 mg AA/g DW, 1388.2-1442.3 μg CGE/g DW, respectively. The radical scavenging capacities (μM TE/g DW) for the same investigated vegetables for ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays ranged from 48.78 to 92.42, 9.41-28.56, 3.06-10.41, and 6.49-23.42, respectively. Good correlations were observed between the phenolic contents and the radical scavenging capacities of the vegetables. The interaction between BSA and quercetin, BSA and garlic and onions extracts was measured by 3-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The highest polyphenol content was found in methanol/water fraction of onions and garlic; therefore, for the investigation of in vitro interactions with BSA only polyphenols of this fraction were used. For in vivo studies, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each of 6 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite. During 6 weeks, the rats of all 5 groups were fed a basal diet (BD). The rats of the Control group were fed the BD only. The BD of the Chol group was supplemented with 10 g/kg of nonoxidized cholesterol (NOC). Each of the other three groups was supplemented with 10 g/kg of NOC and 500 mg of raw fresh garlic, 500 mg of raw fresh red onion, and 500 mg of raw fresh white onion on 1 kg of body weight for Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite diet groups, respectively. In order to detect the changes in the liver and aorta, a histological procedure was applied, and the liver enzymes were determined and compared. It was found that the main changes vs the Control group were in the liver of rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet without vegetable supplementation. Significantly less histological changes in the liver and lower level of liver enzymes vs those of the Chol group were detected in rats of the Chol/Garlic group (P < 0.05). The interaction between the polyphenol extract of garlic and BSA in vitro showed its strong ability comparable with that of quercetin to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. In conclusion, all studied vegetables showed protective effects, but raw garlic supplemented with cholesterol-containing diets significantly prevented the aorta and liver damages of rats. 相似文献