共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
1.
生态保护政策的实施以及政企分开体制改革促使我国重点国有林区发生转型。在此背景下,文中运用微观经济学供需理论,对我国重点国有林区隐性失业的成因进行分析,重点讨论了森工集团以及职工家庭隐性失业的形成机制。研究认为,由于林业产业结构与林业就业结构发展不协调致使森工集团产生过剩劳动力,形成森工集团内部的隐性失业;在重点国有林区转型过程中,林区职工家庭的工作时间未能充分利用被迫产生闲暇,即形成了职工家庭的隐性失业;重点国有林区产生的隐性失业问题会增加森工集团企业成本,降低森工集团经营效率,减少林区职工家庭福利。 相似文献
2.
持续提升经济增长动力和区域发展活力是新时期有效支撑我国国有林区全面深化体制机制改革、充分确保林区社会稳定、改善居民生计、推进生态建设以及促进产业转型的重要基础。基于2006-2017年东北、内蒙古重点国有林区87个重点森工林业局的相关统计数据,实证探究了要素投入和产业结构2类关键要素对林区经济增长的驱动效应。结果表明:与生产要素投入相比,产业结构（1.411）与林区经济增长关系更为密切,对林区经济增长具有显著的驱动效应;以劳动力（0.096）和资本（0.32）为代表的生产要素投入对林区经济增长的促进作用次之,二者相比,资本在林区经济发展中扮演着更为重要的角色。结合改革、转型与发展的客观实际及实证分析结果,文中提出应分别从优化产业布局、促进投资多元化、提高劳动力供给质量、深化改革配套体系等方面开展有益于加快林区经济增长、推动林区经济转型的实践探索。 相似文献
3.
文中从社会网络视角分析我国东北国有林区职工、家庭及林业企业知识转移的过程和影响因素，以期通过社会关系和网络结构促进林业企业转型。应用知识转移基本理论构建东北国有林区多层次知识转移理论模型，在此基础上从社会网络视角分析林区职工、家庭和林业企业3个层面的知识转移机理。研究表明:增强林区知识转移个体与利益相关者的联系程度、占据更多的结构洞位置以及提高个体网络中心度和凝聚程度有利于知识获取和内化；林区待岗职工与利益相关者的弱联系有利于其获得更多就业机会；国有森工企业由于过度嵌入社会网络，知识内化和创新动力不足。 相似文献
4.
我国东北重点国有林区森林生态经济绩效评价及障碍因子诊断 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
文中在构建森林生态经济绩效评价指标体系的基础上,利用熵权TOPSIS模型和障碍因子模型测算了我国东北重点国有林区森林生态经济绩效水平并识别其障碍因子。结果表明:2005—2016年东北重点国有林区森林生态经济绩效水平总体上经历了较差→中级→良好的演进阶段,并且由经济绩效大于生态绩效转变为生态绩效大于经济绩效,生态绩效增长趋势略高于经济绩效增长趋势;综合绩效水平最高的是吉林森工重点国有林区,而后依次是龙江森工重点国有林区、长白山森工重点国有林区和大兴安岭重点国有林区;影响森林生态经济发展的主要障碍因子是生态外部压力、经济产业发展和劳动力资源。 相似文献
5.
东北国有林区绿色食品供求状况探究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东北国有林区已进入转型发展阶段,凭借着优越的自然资源优势,国有林区大力发展绿色食品产业;但由于发展时间短、技术不成熟等因素影响,国有林区绿色食品在市场上的供给出现供不应求状况。调查发现,绿色食品的安全性、科技含量以及市场诚信度等因素对国有林区绿色食品的消费影响较大;产品附加值低、劳动力流失是影响供给的主要因素。因此,东北国有林区应更加注重绿色食品的安全性,并采用当下互联网技术,加大对产品的宣传力度,提高产品附加值和集约化经营水平,使之达到供求平衡,促进绿色食品产业的转型升级。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
黑龙江省伊春市开展了国有林区林权制度改革试点工作。在国有林地所有权和林地用途不变的前提下,区划界定出林区林农交错,浅山区相对分散、零星分布的易于分户经营的部分国有商品林,实行由林业职工家庭承包经营。借以探索应对林业生产力严重下降,生态功能严重退化,林业企业长期亏损,企业职工生活困难等问题的途径。试图以解决生计问题、社会问题推动解决生态问题。目前,部分商品林由家庭承包经营适合我国林业发展水平。我国林业生产力水平较低。林业的生产过程与林木的生命过程是合一的,受地球自然过程影响极大,林业具有内部规模不显著、劳… 相似文献
9.
10.
我国重点国有林区转型能力评价与预测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
重点国有林区正在生态、社会及经济3个层面进行全方位转型；其转型能力是匹配且支持转型的一种能力，是由经济发展能力、社会和谐发展能力、生态保护能力3个维度构成的自组织整合系统。文中从我国重点国有林区转型发展的现实情况出发，构建其转型能力评价指标体系；采用熵权法对2001—2018年重点国有林区现实转型能力进行评价，并在此基础上运用马尔科夫模型预测2019—2023年重点国有林区转型能力。结果显示，2019—2003年重点国有林区转型能力仍将处于较强状态。 相似文献
11.
中国国有林业改革进程中的林区社会福利变迁 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
发展国有林业和国有林区改革是中国林业改革发展的应有之义和必经之路,也是国有林区全面停伐及生态建设转型背景下寻求林区社会福利即民生福祉最大化的必然选择。文中通过构建国有林业改革与国有林区社会福利变迁的时间框架,以国有林业体制机制重大调整作为林区福利变迁的研究视角,提出1949年至20世纪80年代中期国有林区处于剩余型福利阶段,20世纪80年代中期至1998年处于采伐限额下的工业成就型福利阶段,1998-2014年处于生态建设转型中的制度型福利阶段,2014年至今处于全面深化改革下从制度型福利向发展型福利转变阶段;阐述了各个阶段林区不同福利类型的基本布局和给付特征。伴随国有林区改革深化,建议政府充分发挥主导作用,建立林区社会支出与经济增长包容性并存的发展型福利给付机制。 相似文献
12.
利用我国3个重点国有林区24个林业局1 454户职工家庭微观调查数据,通过极大似然估计法和最小二乘法估计国有林区各项改革对职工家庭间收入不平等的影响。研究发现,国有林区职工家庭间不平等程度不断加剧,而在国有林区推行的各项改革对不平等的加剧有显著影响。其中,市场化手段组织林业生产这项改革实施时间每增加1年,林业局职工家庭间收入差距就增加8元;参与森林资源承包管护改革户数的比例每增加1个百分点,林业局职工家庭间收入差距增加13元;加工企业转制比例每增加1个百分点,林业局职工家庭间收入差距增加2元;一次性安置富余职工也显著提高了林业局职工家庭间收入差距,但养老负担显著降低了职工家庭间收入差距。因此,在推行以改进效率为目标取向的市场化改革过程中,政府需要出台相应的配套政策,尤其是要扶持和帮助林区贫困弱势群体,以避免不平等程度加剧。 相似文献
13.
This study used data of 128 worker households that possessed woodland resources and owned by seven forestry bureaus (counties) belonging to the forest areas of Daxinganling and Xiaoxinganling Mountains to analyze the behavioral characteristics of worker households that engaged in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) business activities. A logistic regression model was utilized to analyze factors that influenced worker households to engage in NTFPs business activities. The study found the following: NTFPs collection activities had become the primary NTFPs business activity engaged in by the worker households in the forest areas of Daxinganling and Xiaoxinganling Mountains because of the relatively small investment needed as well as fewer production and operating risks. The engagement of worker households in the forest areas of Daxinganling and Xiaoxinganling Mountains in NTFPs business activities was still in a preliminary stage. Whether or not worker households engaged in NTFPs business activities was not affected by household head or household manpower characteristics; rather, worker households were more willing to engage in NTFPs business activities when the households had bank deposits, homes were close to the woodlands, the woodlands had good quality soil, and the households received social services. 相似文献
14.
森林资源型经济转型是在国有林业经济领域应对中国全面深化改革要求的深刻实践,而转型期间产生的社会福利损失则是资源型经济“改革之殇”的具体体现,具有政策性、周期性和阶段性、广泛性、相对性等本质特征。经济转型中的福利损失包括传统森工企业承受的生存困境及不断弱化的企业贡献力（经济贡献力、资源管护力、生态服务力）、林业职工生计的每况愈下、林区福利体系的碎裂化及其应对国家生态战略需求的妥协性和政策依赖性、国有林区社会认同危机以及国有森工企业的群体价值威胁等。只有通过转变观念,加深认识,以包容性增长理念统筹兼顾经济转型与社会福利建设,才能在分别实现以产业多元化破解资源型经济转型、以供给与保障多元化减小社会福利损失的前提下确保森林资源型经济转型和林区社会福利体系建设的协调与统一。 相似文献
15.
基于结构转换视角的中国重点国有林区经济转型发展路径分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
在我国全面停伐背景下, 实现国有林区经济社会转型迫在眉睫。文中测算、对比和评价2003—2014年全国及重点国有林区产业结构转换速度和方向, 以期掌握重点国有林区近年产业结构变动的基本特征, 得到以下结论:1)重点国有林区各森工林区产业结构转换速度普遍较慢, 同一林区不同产业的增速差异化不显著; 2)重点国有林区产业结构转换方向总体合理, 三次产业比重变动趋势有助于实现林区产业效率均衡与结构稳定; 3)重点国有林区产业结构转换能力整体低于全国水平。根据研究结论, 从巩固非林替代产业、培育主导产业、因地制宜进行产业结构与布局调整、注重制度配套以及深化体制改革等方面提出支撑重点国有林区产业结构调整与经济转型发展的可行路径。 相似文献
16.
Abu Saleh Md. Golam Kibria Mohammed Jashimuddin Inoue Makoto 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):42-51
In Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, we surveyed 80 households to observe the effects of participatory forestry (PF) on the livelihood of local participants. We analyzed the effects on livelihood capitals to compare in two ways: (1) before and after participation, and (2) participants and non-participants. In Cox’s Bazar, there were some significant changes regarding income sources, but annual income was little changed after participation in participatory forestry. Literacy (about 10 % after participation) and mobile phone ownership (75 %) were significantly higher than before. Housing conditions were better (brick walls: 7.5 %; sun-grass roof: 70 %) than those of non-participants (brick walls: 0 %; sun-grass roof: 77.5 %). PF ensured legal rights on forest lands for participants, while non-participants were illegally living on public forestland. However, expenses were considerably higher than income; people were still struggling with poverty and many of them suffered from malnutrition. This ultimately put pressure on all capital. People had redistributed their available capital to cope with adversity, and there was a trend toward involvement in economic activities other than forests. Our study found that social capital was more influenced by PF more than other capitals. Due to the involvement with the PF program, people were feeling much more secure, women had elevated status, and social relationships became stronger. 相似文献
17.
林业政策事件的金融市场影响分析——以我国国有林场改革为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
林业政策事件对林业行业发展改革具有直接推动作用。我国国有林场改革作为林业发展中的典型政策事件，兼具了林业发展的公益性和经济性，在林业政策中具有较好的代表性，而金融市场的变化情况能够很好地反映林业行业的发展前景。文中选取我国国有林场改革这一典型的林业政策事件，通过事件研究法，采用市场模型测算国有林场改革对相关林业股的市场影响。结果显示，国有林场改革政策的颁布显著提高了相关林业股的股价，表明国有林场改革对林业行业是利好信号，得到了投资者的积极回应。不同时期国有林场改革对金融市场的影响均十分显著，但是效果不同。鉴于政策发布的时间和内容的差异对资本市场的不同影响，建议注重政策颁布的时点并加强对政策的解读，使更多投资者关注林业资本市场，促进林业行业发展。 相似文献
18.
Community forestry is an emerging success model of state–community partnership for forest management and poverty reduction. Bhutan's initial experience of forest management by user group is promising, but merits further study on how community forests have experienced with harvesting and income generation consistent with national forest policy. This study quantifies whether community forestry contribute to household income with equitable products and income distribution and gender inclusive participation; and community forests are managed applying the principles of sustainable harvest without compromising regeneration and productivity. We applied a combination of social and ecological methods using household interview and forest sampling plots. Our findings revealed that community forestry contributes to household income through harvesting and marketing of large trees, and non-wood forest products where markets are accessible. Household income, however, vary widely between rich and poor households with former capitalizing on commercial and latter on subsistence products. Timber harvesting is consistent with the principles of sustainable harvest without altering species composition, regeneration and productivity. To narrow income inequality, pro-poor approach to community forestry needs to target poor households with income diversification activities and market accessibility. The promising results are context-driven and warrant consolidation from other community forests experiencing harvest in Bhutan. 相似文献
19.
Musingo T. E. Mbuvi Josephine K. Musyoki Paul O. Ongugo 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(4):380-405
Equity in forest resources access remains a key challenge. In Kenya this was exacerbated by the application of command and control management approaches. The introduction of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in 1997 has started changing this scenario. The main objective of this study was to determine the equity mechanisms practiced under Traditional Community Based Forest Management (TCBFM), a traditional form of participatory forest management in Loita forest. An assessment of the impact of this management approach showed that equity and pro poor practices were inherent in Loita forest, where TCBFM was being implemented. The approach facilitated the poor to build up assets through relatives contributing to their livelihood assets. This was sustained through traditional support systems that are interwoven with forestry management. A majority of the community members interviewed perceived that the importance of the forest to household livelihood had been increasing since 1995. An increase in household assets since 1995 was associated with household participation in Traditional Community Based Natural Resources Management (TCBNRM). A majority (93%) of the households who were members of TCBNRM indicated grazing as the benefit. There was a general perception that participation in this form of PFM contributed to improvement of economic, physical, natural, human, social, and political capitals at the household and community levels. 相似文献
20.
基于AHP与TOPSIS模型的经济发展水平综合评价——以黑龙江省国有林区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对黑龙江省国有林区经济发展现状进行了分析,构建了以经济、生态和社会三方面为主的黑龙江省国有林区经济发展水平综合评定指标体系。在此基础上利用AHP及TOPSIS模型,对黑龙江省国有林区2010年数据进行分析,得出黑龙江省国有林区经济发展的综合评价指数为0.631 4,其经济发展处于攻坚阶段。最后,结合黑龙江省国有林区生态和社会的发展距目标差距较大的现实,提出通过财税政策调整、接续产业建设等措施来加快经济发展的建议。 相似文献