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有关生物和栽培方法防治香荚兰茎腐的试验Ｔｏｍｂｅ，Ｍ。等由香荚兰尖孢镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍｆ．ｓｐｖａｎｉｌｌａｅ）引起的香荚兰茎腐病，在爪哇、巴厘、北苏门答腊、北苏拉威西岛周年发生，并造成严重损失。为评价生物和栽培方法对本病的防... 相似文献
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在ＰＤＡ含毒介质上的试验表明,苯莱特（５０％ＷＰ）、多菌灵（５０％ＷＰ）、甲基托布津（７０％ＷＰ）抑菌效果最好,稀释３０万倍的药液对尖孢镰刀菌抑菌率分别为１００％、９１．９％、６７．９％,而粉锈灵（１５％ＷＰ）３０００倍液,抑菌率仅为７０．１％;苯莱特、粉锈灵１５００倍液对腐皮镰刀菌抑菌率仅为９４．４％和１４．０％。苯莱特和粉锈灵对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果明显高于腐皮镰刀菌。抑菌圈法试验,多菌灵、苯莱特５００～１０００倍液对腐皮菌的防效又优于尖孢镰刀菌,而粉锈灵对２种镰刀菌均不产生抑菌圈。香荚兰幼根接种药效试验,粉锈灵对尖孢镰刀菌防效最好（５６．６％）,多菌灵、甲基托布津次之（５１．６％、５０．９％）,而苯莱特较差（４０．４％）。粉锈灵１０００倍液浸泡１ｈ和盆栽施药,均对香荚兰幼根产生药害。 相似文献
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木霉对苗木土传病原真菌的拮抗作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
体外测定表明，木霉菌株Ｔ—１６９和Ｔ—２７９对病原菌Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｓｏｃｌａｎｉ（立枯丝核菌）、Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ（尖孢镰刀菌）、Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍａｐｈａｍｉｄｅｒｍａｔｕｍ（腐霉）和Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａｔｅｎｕｉｓ（交链孢霉）在对峙培养中的拮抗系数分别为２、２～３和３。温室测定表明，用０．６％（Ｗ／Ｗ）Ｔ－１６９麸皮培养物（１０７ｃｆｕ／ｇ）处理土壤。在人工接种立枯丝核菌、尖孢镰刀菌、腐霉及交链孢霉２０ｄ后，落叶松苗木发病率分别比未用木霉处理的对照减少４９．６％、１７．４％、１８．３％和１１．７％；用Ｔ－１６９和Ｔ－２７９木霉孢子悬浮液（１０８ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ）处理落叶松种子，人工接种立枯丝核菌１９ｄ后，落叶松成苗率分别比未用木霉处理的对照增加１８．８％和１２．７％。 相似文献
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刺槐溃疡病在山东沿海地区发生严重。研究结果表明主要病原菌为尖镰孢（ＦｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍＳｃｈｌｅｃｈｔ．），其次为腐皮镰孢（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｏｌａｎｉ（Ｍａｒｔ．）Ｓａｃｃ．）。尖镰孢的小型分生孢子头状，聚生于短的单出瓶梗上，分生孢子椭圆形至腊肠形，７．６～１５．４μｍ×２．５～３．８μｍ；大型分生孢子镰刀形至纺锤形，３～５分隔，２８．２～３８．４μｍ×４．６～５．１μｍ；厚垣孢子直径８．９～１２．８μｍ。腐皮镰孢的小型分生孢子生于伸长的分生孢子梗上，阔卵形至椭圆形，５．１～１０．２μｍ×２．５～４．８μｍ，孢子梗长３０～８０μｍ；大型分生孢子两端较钝，３～５分隔，２０．１～３３．３μｍ×２．６～５．４μｍ；厚垣孢子直径７．７～１０．２μｍ。菌落生长适温为２５～３０℃，最适温度２８℃；ｐＨ范围５～９，最适微酸至中性；碳源以蔗糖和葡萄糖最好，氮源以蛋白胨最好。 相似文献
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西双版纳５个人工荫棚行架式种植的香荚兰园的调查表明，香荚兰茎蔓走向对开花量有明显影响，逆向延伸茎蔓上长成的花序，占调查花序总量的７４．８３％—９１．３５％。可以认为造成大量逆向蔓的园艺技术是香荚兰早产、稳产的重要措施。 相似文献
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西双版纳香荚兰炭疽病病原鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对西双版纳香荚兰上分离到的１８个炭疽菌菌样进行种的鉴定,结果盘长孢状刺盘孢ＣｏｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｇｌｏｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓＰｅｎｚ．为１２个菌样,兰科刺盘孢Ｃ．ｏｒｃｈｉｄｅａｒｕｍＡｌｅｓｃｈ．为６个菌样。 相似文献
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油桐根腐病病原菌的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
油桐根腐病是油桐林的一种毁灭性病害。形态学和培养性状研究表明,致病菌为腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.)。将该菌与国内供试8个腐皮镰孢专化型菌株比较可看出,菌落生长较快,大型分生孢子短而粗,是一种短粗类型。其次,人工接种试验得知,此菌不侵染6科7属7种供试的专化型寄主植物;又经8个专化型菌株接种油桐试验,也不发生侵染关系。此菌仅侵害大戟科油桐属的油桐,是一种专化性病菌。再次,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明,此菌与供试菌株的脂酶同工酶的谱带特征和相对迁移率均有明显的差异。由此,将油桐根腐病鉴定为腐皮镰孢一新的专化型,命名为油桐腐皮镰抱(Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f.sp.aleuritidis Chen et Xiao f.sp.nov.) 相似文献
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对绿色木霉产生的代谢产物进行了抑菌活性的初步研究，生测结果表明：离体条件下发酵液对尖孢镰刀菌、棒盘孢、茄链格孢、出芽短梗霉、灰葡萄孢均有较强的抑制作用，其对以上不同病原菌的抑制率分别为76．6％、86．5％、94．8％、91．4％、86．3％，抑菌活性成分在80℃以下较为稳定，pH值在6-7之间抑菌效果最好。 相似文献
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Whole vine (K(plant)) and individual root (K(root)) hydraulic conductances were measured in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis 'Hort16A') vines to observe hydraulic responses following partial root system excision. Heat dissipation and compensation heat pulse techniques were used to measure sap flow in trunks and individual roots, respectively. Sap flux and measurements of xylem pressure potential (Ψ) were used to calculate K(plant) and K(root) in vines with zero and ～80% of roots severed. Whole vine transpiration (E), Ψ and K(plant) were significantly reduced within 24 h of root pruning, and did not recover within 6 weeks. Sap flux in intact roots increased within 24 h of root pruning, driven by an increase in the pressure gradient between the soil and canopy and without any change in root hydraulic conductance. Photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) were reduced, without significant effects on leaf internal CO(2) concentration (c(i)). Shoot growth rates were maintained; fruit growth and dry matter content were increased following pruning. The woody roots of kiwifruit did not demonstrate a rapid dynamic response to root system damage as has been observed previously in monocot seedlings. Increased sap flux in intact roots with no change in K(root) and only a moderate decline in shoot A suggests that under normal growing conditions root hydraulic conductance greatly exceeds requirements for adequate shoot hydration. 相似文献
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M. Arif N. W. Zaidi Q. M. R. Haq Y. P. Singh S. Khan U. S. Singh 《Forest Pathology》2013,43(6):478-487
Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), commonly known as shisham, is amongst the finest woods of South Asia, but ‘wilt’ disease has caused a rapid decline in this species. The cause of the disease remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to identify the causal agent of the disease and characterize isolates made from diseased trees, based on genomic data and variations in virulence. Samples of infected roots, stems and the ooze exuded from infected trees were obtained from plants showing symptoms in different geographical regions of India for the isolation of microorganisms. Isolates were used to inoculate healthy plants. Based on the morphological characteristics, genus‐ and species‐specific PCR, and in silico analysis of 5.8S rDNA‐ITS regions, of the 38 fungal isolates, 24 and 14 were identified as Fusarium solani and Fusarium sp., respectively. In a pathotyping study, eighteen F. solani isolates, isolated from roots and stem parts of symptomatic plants, induced typical wilt symptoms when inoculated through soil and roots on D. sissoo seedlings of 1–15 months in age. The population of F. solani was the highest in infected roots and the lowest in parts of stems, gradually decreasing with height, and was isolated constantly up to approximately 40% height of the seedling. F. solani isolates used in inoculations were successfully re‐isolated from the rhizosphere, infected roots and wilted stems, as confirmed using isolate‐specific DNA fingerprints. Molecular phylogenies based on rDNA‐ITS sequences showed that the 38 isolates fell into 2 groups. Group I comprised of F. solani isolates from D. sissoo and F. solani sequences in the NCBI GenBank database, whereas group II included Fusarium isolates other than F. solani. These results are helpful in developing integrated control measures for this highly variable pathogen and to establish a base for future population studies. 相似文献
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Interactions between three species of bacteria (Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas fluorescens), an ectomycorrhizal fungus (Paxillus involutus), and three root pathogenic fungi (Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani) were studied. Burkholderia cepacia significantly reduced the in vitro mycelial growth of P. involutus, whereas, B. cepacia, Ps. chlororaphis, Ps. fluorescens and P. involutus reduced the mycelial growth of F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum and R. solani. Culture filtrates of B. cepacia, Ps. chlororaphis, Ps. fluorescens and P. involutus reduced conidial germination and increased the formation of chlamydospores of F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum. Burkholderia cepacia also reduced the formation of ectomycorrhizal short roots by P. involutus on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings 2 months after inoculation. However, no significance difference in mycorrhizal short roots was observed after 4 months. The fungicide Anchor (a mixture of carboxine and thiram) significantly reduced root rot severity and increased the survival of lodgepole pine seedlings grown in a growth mix infested with F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum and R. solani. Control of the diseases of white spruce caused by these pathogens was not as successful. Treatment of seeds with either B. cepacia or P. involutus alone significantly increased the survival of seedlings grown in a mix that was inoculated with F. moniliforme and reduced the root rot severity caused by F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum, but not R. solani. Higher seedling survival and lower root rot severity were observed when conifer seeds were concomitantly inoculated with one of the bacterial species, P. involutus and Anchor. 相似文献
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Pinus ponderosa seedlots from eight seed orchards in Western Patagonia, Argentina, were evaluated for the presence of Fusarium species, and isolates obtained were subjected to pathogenicity tests. The following species were isolated: Fusariumoxysporum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium incarnatum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium proliferatum. With the exception of F. proliferatum and F. graminearum all Fusarium species were recovered from P. ponderosa seedlings with symptoms of damping‐off. Five Fusarium species were re‐isolated from necrotic roots of seedlings showing chlorosis (F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. incarnatum, F. acuminatum and F. verticillioides). High damping‐off losses occurred in Fusarium‐contaminated seed of P. ponderosa and low disease incidence occurred on less contaminated seed. The role of seed‐borne inoculum in disease spread within forest nurseries is discussed. 相似文献
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In different areas of Extremadura, Western Spain, soil samples were taken at the bottom of holm oak (Quercus ilex) trees that were showing decline symptoms. Half of each sample was sterilized, and acorns were sown in both sterilized and nonsterilized soil samples. The resulting seedlings were used as baits for the isolation of fungi. Seedlings growing on the natural, nonsterilized substrate were characterized by having a lower vegetative growth than the ones growing on the sterilized soil samples, and most of them died. Phytophthora dnnamomi was consistently isolated from their roots. Fusarium oxysporum was also isolated as well as different species of Pythium, although to a lesser extent. Pathogenicity tests were performed on holm oak seedlings with five different isolates of P. chinnamomi, with F. oxysporum, Pythium and with a mixture of the three fungi. All the inoculated seedlings with P. chinnamomi developed root rot and grew slowly, and 35.7% of them died up to the end of the experiments. P. chinnamomi was consistently isolated from their roots, indicating that this fungus is the causal agent of holm oak decline. However, F. oxysporum caused similar symptoms on oak seedlings as P. chinnamomi, and was isolated also from the roots, although its frequency was lower than that of. P. cinnamomi. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2020,(5)
Boxelder maple(Acer negundo L.) is widely grown as ornamental trees in China. In 2017 in Pizhou,Jiangsu Province, China, the boxelder maple trees suffered from a disease which caused wilting and yellowing leaves,rotted roots, and discolored xylem. The disease broke out from July to August. Seven fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissue and tested for pathogenicity.Isolate An7 was isolated at high frequency from the discolored vascular tissues, which caused the wilt disease on healthy 2-year-old seedlings after inoculation and eventually killed all the seedlings. We conducted molecular analysis for An7, including the partial sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer, calmodulin, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit and the translation elongation factor 1-a and evaluation of the variously sized conidia, chlamydospores and conidiophores and cultural traits. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium nirenbergiae, a member of the Fusarium oxysporum speciescomplex. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F.nirenbergiae causing wilt on A. negundo in China. 相似文献