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1.
A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies have been raised to purified cutinase from culture fluids of Fusarium solani f.sp. pisi , grown in a liquid medium containing purified apple cutin as the sole carbon source. All the antibodies recognized cutinase by both ELISA and Western blotting and three proved useful in immunofluorescence labelling studies. The polyclonal antiserum labelled hyphae, but not spores, of F. solani f.sp. pisi grown on cutin water agar. A similar, but weaker immunolabelling pattern, was observed with hyphae and spores of Botrytis cinerea. Cutinase was also detected by immunofluorescence on the surfaces of conidia of Erysiphe graminis var hordei and uredospores of Puccinia sp. 相似文献
2.
J. Van Den Heuvel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1976,82(5):153-160
The pathogenicity of five isolates ofBotrytis cinerea to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was compared with their sensitivity to the phytoalexin phaseollin and their ability to metabolize phaseollin. Three of the
five isolates were pathogenic to bean, as they formed spreading lesions on bean leaves; the other two isolates were considered
nonpathogenic to bean, since they produced lesions limited in size or no lesions at all.
The isolates were about equally sensitive to phaseollin, except for one nonpathogenic strain which was more sensitive than
the other ones to higher concentrations of phaseollin. The three pathogenic isolates metabolized phaseollin to 6a-hydroxyphaseollin
readily in shake cultures containing 9 μg phaseollin/ml, while nonpathogenic isolates were not able, or less able, to do so. 相似文献
3.
J. van den Heuvel Dineke Grootveld 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1980,86(1):27-35
Rapidly spreading lesions and lesions restricted in size developed in primary leaves of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in response to infection byBotrytis cinera isolates BC-1 and BC-5, respectively. These isolates caused similar differential lesions in leaves of cucumber, flax, lettuce and tomato. To determine whether phytoalexin accumulation was correlated with the resistant reaction in bean leaves, accumulation of phytoalexins was examined in necrotic areas of both types of lesions and in their surrounding green tissues. Phaseollin was the predominant phytoalexin, both inside and outside lesions, whereas phaseollidin and sometimes also phaseollinisoflavan were always present in lower concentrations. Phaseollin accumulated earlier and to higher levels within and around lesions of isolate BC-5 than of isolate BC-1. Relatively low concentrations of phaseollin were detected in the more remote green areas, including the petiole, of leaves bearing a spreading lesion. The phaseollin metabolite, 6a-hydroxyphaseollin, was found only inside lesions and in a narrow zone around lesions of both types. The authors consider the possibility that the differing concentrations of phytoalexins in the infected tissues are not a determining factor for the differential interactions betweenB. cinerea and bean leaves, but are rather the result of it. 相似文献
4.
Preinoculation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) seedlings with soilborne fungi nonpathogenic to pigeon pea, namely,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum; F. oxysporum f.sp.ciceris; F. solani f.sp.pisi; andCephalosporium sacchari, before challenge inoculation with the pathogenFusarium udum, or simultaneous inoculation of the seedlings with nonpathogen and pathogen was effective in controlling wilt of pigeon pea to a great extent. Inoculation with the nonpathogens before the challenge inoculation was more effective than simultaneous inoculation and gave up to 81.6% protection. The higher the spore concentration of the nonpathogenic fungi, the better was the degree of protection. The shorter the period was (in the range of 2–7 days) between nonpathogen inoculation and challenge inoculation, the greater was the degree of protection. Injury to the roots resulted in a decrease of the effect. Maximum disease reduction was obtained when the seedlings were kept at 20-30°C before inoculation; at 5°C and also at 40°C, protection was much less. 相似文献
5.
Pea endocarp tissue generates a total nonhost resistance response against inappropriate pathogens such as the bean pathogen, Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Fsph) within 6 h. An array of plant components induced include: Pisatin (a phytoalexin), defensins, PR genes and hydrolytic enzymes in the non-host resistance response. This nonhost resistance response is similar but swifter than the responses induced by the compatible true pathogen, F. solani f. sp. pisi (Fspi). It was previously noted that a DNase released by both fungi is involved in induction of these resistance responses within pea endocarp tissue. This report demonstrates the cytological damage that occurs within nuclear DNA of both compatible and incompatible fungi when in contact with pea endocarp tissue and in the presence of DNase activity. The severity of damage to the bean pathogen exceeds that of the pea pathogen and requires only 2 h of contact with the pea tissue to develop. This accumulation of DNA damage is proposed to be the ultimate termination factor in this and other non-host resistance reactions. An updated DNase signaling scheme of the nonhost resistance of pea is presented. 相似文献
6.
Populations ofFusarium solani f.sp.cucurbitae (Fsc) andFusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum (Fon) in naturally infested soil of watermelon fields were counted by the soil dilution method with subsequent pathogenicity tests. Inoculum density varied within the same region from one field to another, ranging between 9 and 1600 CFU g?1 soil forFsc and from 0 to 200 CFU g?1 soil forFon. Fusarium crown- and root-rot-diseased seedlings were observed in most soils (93%); however, Fusarium wilt was observed in only 34% of soil samples. The disease incidence on cv. ‘Giza’ (Y) increased significantly with inoculum density in the soil (X) (P<0.001). ForFsc, the relationship between inoculum density and disease incidence was characterized by the equation Y=0.0005X+0.165 (R2=0.67). ForFon, the equation was Y=0.003X?0.0014 (R2=0.88). Based on these equations, the estimated inoculum densities required to cause 50% disease incidence (DI50) on cv. Giza plants was 670 and 171 CFU g?1 soil forFsc andFon, respectively. 相似文献
7.
No correlation was found between the chitosan or Fusarium solani-induced disease resistance responses in pea pod tissue and fluctuations in [Ca2+], inhibition of calmodulin, blockage of Ca2+ channels or host membrane leakage. Addition of exogenous Ca2+ 3 h before or after chitosan or F. solani treatments of pea pod tissue failed to alter the host response within 6 h, the time when the host actively resists both the compatible (F. solani f. sp. pisi) and incompatible (F. solani f. sp. phaseoli) macroconidia. Additionally, Ca2+ applied exogenously 3 h before or after chitosan significantly altered the level of UV-absorbing material released from the host tissue; however, it failed to affect the chitosan's ability to elicit phytoalexin formation by 24 h. Addition of exogenous Ca2+ 3 h before or after inoculation with either the compatible (f. sp. pisi) or incompatible (f. sp. phaseoli) fungi did not significantly change the host response by 24 h. The addition of EGTA or Ca2+ channel antagonists with the chitosan treatments also failed to significantly alter the chitosan-induced host response, thereby suggesting that chitosan probably does not function in the pea system by causing a Ca2+ influx into the host tissue which might then activate the host's resistance response. Inhibition of calmodulin related activities by calmidazolium failed to inhibit the chitosan or fungal induced host response. These results suggest that the response(s) induced in pea pod tissue by chitosan treatment or fungal inoculation may not be mediated by Ca2+, calmodulin or membrane leakage. 相似文献
8.
J. Van Den Heuvel P. J. Vollaard 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1976,82(3):103-108
The ability of four races of the bean pathogenColletotrichum lindemuthianum to metabolize the phytoalexin phaseollin in shake cultures was compared. Apart from some differences in the rate of conversion, all races metabolized the phytoalexin in the same way. Phaseollin was first converted to 6a-hydroxyphaseollin, and this product was further metabolized to 6a, 7-dihydroxyphaseollin. No metabolites of the latter compound could be detected.6a, 7-Dihydroxyphaseollin was as inhibitory as phaseollin to race 11, but was only slightly inhibitory to races 1, 2 and 1.Samenvatting Een vergelijkend onderzoek werd verricht naar het vermogen van vier fysiologische rassen van het bonepathogeenColletotrichum lindemuthianum om het fytoalexine phaseolline om te zetten.In schudculturen waaraan 10 g phaseolline/ml was toegevoegd, werd dit door alle fysio's op gelijke wijze omgezet, hoewel met verschillende snelheid (Fig. 1). Steeds werd phaseolline eerst omgezet tot 6a-hydroxyphaseolline, en dit produkt vervolgens tot een verbinding die geïdentificeerd kon worden als 6a, 7-dihydroxyphaseolline. Hierna konden geen verdere produkten worden aangetoond.6a, 7-Dihydroxyphaseolline was even fungitoxisch als phaseolline voor fysio 11, maar was slechts weinig fungitoxisch voor de fysio's 1, 2 en 1 (Tabel 1).De verschillen in omzettingssnelheid van phaseolline en in gevoeligheid voor phaseolline ee zijn omzettingsprodukten die tussen de fysio's gevonden zijn, zijn onvoldoende om de fysiospecifieke interacties tussen de boon en de verschillende fysio's vanC. lindemuthianum te verklaren. 相似文献
9.
冬青卫矛内生放线菌YDG17菌株发酵液抑菌活性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从冬青卫矛植株中筛选得到一株内生链霉菌YDG17,其发酵液对多种植物病原真菌有较强的抑制作用。室内生物测定结果表明,YDG17菌株发酵液对供试的11种植物病原真菌菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用,其中对小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum、番茄灰霉病菌Fulvia fulvum和番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani的抑制作用最强,EC50值分别为259.98、336.13和100.72 mg/L;对供试的3种植物病原真菌孢子萌发也均有一定的抑制作用,其中对番茄灰霉病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用最强,EC50值为87.84 mg/L。离体子叶法测定结果表明,发酵液原液对番茄灰霉病的保护效果为97.62%,治疗效果为79.63%。盆栽试验结果表明,发酵液原液对番茄灰霉病的保护效果为71.34%,治疗效果为64.23%。捷克八溶剂系统纸色谱测定结果表明,该发酵液的主要活性物质为碱性水溶性抗生素。选用弱酸性离子交换树脂吸附法对YDG17发酵液活性成分进行了初步分离,并对其活性馏分进行ESI-MS/MS分析,表明其活性物质主要为链丝菌素类化合物,该类化合物为首次从植物内生菌中分离得到。 相似文献
10.
R. Ghini 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):45-50
A solar collector to be used for disinfestation of substrates for plant propagation is described. At a high solar radiation intensity (more than 1 cal cm–2 min–1), one day of treatment was sufficient for disinfestation of soil infested withSclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani f.sp.phaseoli orPythium aphanidermatum.Treatment of soil in the solar collector strongly reduced the total numbers of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes. The nutrient status of the soil was only slightly changed and did not result in an effect on plant growth. 相似文献
11.
Stemphylium solani, S. floridanum, andS. botryosum f. sp.lycopersici differ in some taxonomic details but cause similar symptoms on tomato foliage. In all three species similar genetic sources confer resistance, the host-free season is assumed to be passed in debris, and warm zones are preferred to temperate zones. The limited information available on the processes of infection and sporulation inS. solani andS. floridanum prevents a critical comparison withS. botryosum f. sp.lycopersici, for which these processes were studied in detail. Host age does not affect susceptibility toS. solani orS. floridanum, which also require short wettings for infection. Six- to eight-week-old plants are most susceptible toS. botryosum f. sp.lycopersici, which infects (and sporulates) after a long wetting period or several short wettings interspersed with dry intervals. The processes of infection and sporulation are relatively insensitive to temperature. Little is known about factors affecting epidemics ofS. solani andS. floridanum. Epidemics ofS. botryosum f. sp.lycopersici in Israel are facilitated mainly by prolonged wettings due to a combination of sprinkler irrigation and dew. Because of the slow build up of inoculum the disease reaches its peak late in the season, when host susceptibility decreases. Despite some differences among the threeStemphylium spp. but considering the similarities, and especially their possible occurrence in the same field and on the same plant, it is suggested to combine all three diseases under a common name, “TheStemphylium complex on tomatoes.” 相似文献
12.
Pingxiang Lu Davide Ricauda Aimonino Giovanna Gilardi Maria Lodovica Gullino Angelo Garibaldi 《Phytoparasitica》2010,38(2):175-189
The efficacy of three steam application techniques (steam injection, iron pan and sheet steaming) was evaluated against five
soilborne pathogens under controlled laboratory conditions. Injection and pan steam systems proved to be efficient and feasible
alternatives to traditional sheet steaming for suppressing Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici at 60% moisture field capacity in sandy-loam soil. Injecting steam was the best technique to suppress F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici, F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani, F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici. The mycelia of R. solani and P. capsici were very sensitive to heat and were effectively killed by injection of steam and by the pan steam system at 80% and 40%
moisture field capacity. 相似文献
13.
Sharif M. Al-Reza Atiqur Rahman Sun Chul Kang 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,96(2):86-92
The efficacy of the essential oil and various organic extracts from flowers of Cestrum nocturnum L. was evaluated for controlling the growth of some important phytopathogenic fungi. The oil (1000 ppm) and the organic extracts (1500 μg/disc) revealed antifungal effects against Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the growth inhibition range of 59.2-80.6% and 46.6-78.9%, respectively, and their MIC values were ranged from 62.5 to 500 and 125 to 1000 μg/mL. The essential oil had a remarkable effect on spore germination of all the plant pathogens with concentration and time-dependent kinetic inhibition of P. capsici. Further, the oil displayed remarkable in vivo antifungal effect up to 82.4-100% disease suppression efficacy on greenhouse-grown pepper plants. The results obtained from this study may contribute to the development of new antifungal agents to protect the crops from fungal diseases. 相似文献
14.
Factors known to inhibit sporulation of bio trophic fungal pathogens were found to enhance sporulation of two necrotrophic fungi. The sporulating potential ofStemphyliurn botryosum f. sp.lycopersici on tomatoes and ofAlternaria porri f. sp.solani on potatoes increased with necrotization, reaching a maximum on dead leaves. Wetting the dead leaves for the whole period of incubation with increasing concentrations of glucose resulted in progressively decreasing sporulation of both pathogens. However, application of glucose during the first half of the incubation period inhibited sporulation ofS. botryosum f. sp.lycopersici on tomatoes only a little, and increased that ofA. porri f. sp.solani on potatoes. The capacity ofS. botryosum f. sp.lycopersici to sporulate on leaves lasted for 12 weeks at 29°C, and ofA. porri f. sp.solani for 12 weeks at 29°C and for over 21 weeks at 20°C. The results emphasized basic differences in sporulation between biotrophic and necrotrophic parasites. Specific techniques useful for studying sporulationin vivo are discussed. 相似文献
15.
四季豆枯萎病病原鉴定及防治 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从南宁市郊11个病区采集的四季豆枯萎病株标样,经分离培养鉴定和致病性测定,证明其病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌菜豆专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Kend & Syd)。此病在南宁于4月上中旬四季豆初花期开始发生,5月中下旬盛花至结荚期为发病高峰期。用滤纸碟法进行药效试验的结果,40%灭病威300-500倍液的抑菌圈最大,田间灌根防治也有一定效果。可用种子重量的0.5%多菌灵可湿性粉拌种。品种间抗病性有显著差异,秋抗19号和秋抗6号较抗病。 相似文献
16.
为探索新的农药先导化合物,经取代苯基呋喃甲酰氯与5-羟基-3(2H)哒嗪酮反应,得到15个未见文献报道的含呋喃环3(2H)哒嗪酮类化合物,其结构均通过了红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确认。初步生物活性测定结果表明,目标化合物表现出良好的杀菌活性,其中化合物3i在50 mg/L时对灰霉病菌和纹枯病菌的抑制率分别为89.16%±1.73%和81.27%±1.38%,与对照药剂腐霉利(88.58%±1.64%和79.62%±1.15%)相当。初步的构效关系结果显示,苯环上取代基的种类和位置对杀菌活性有重要影响。 相似文献
17.
18.
Andre Freire Cruz Lucas Fagundes Silva Tiago Vieira Sousa Alessandro Nicoli Trazilbo Jose de Paula Junior Eveline Teixeira Caixeta Laercio Zambolim 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(2):343-354
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is widely cultivated in Brazil and is known as a very important crop for families in this country. Fusarium wilt severely harms common beans and has become a big issue for this crop. In order to assist the breeding programs that target resistance to this disease, the evaluation of genetic diversity of the pathogen and its molecular characterization are crucial. Thus, the present goal was to identify Fusarium isolates obtained from several places in Brazil using molecular tools; select molecular markers for these isolates; and analyze their diversity. All of isolates were molecularly identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop). By using seven selected SSR markers, the results of diversity obtained by the dendrogram and the Bayesian analysis formed four groups where a large diversity of this fungus was found within each state. However, the groups were more homogenous according to the collection source and the pathogenicity test. More specifically, group 2 was composed of the most virulent strains and originated from Minas Gerais State – UFV, and group 3 was mostly composed by isolates from Goias state. Group I was also more diverse in terms of location and virulence. The overall results indicated a positive correlation between Fusarium diversity and its virulence to common bean. Furthermore, the use of these markers was effective in molecular identification and in detecting polymorphism within F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. 相似文献
19.
The pathogenicity of 35 Fusarium solani isolates obtained from diseased leaves of greenhouse‐grown Phalaenopsis plants in Taiwan was tested on different orchids, including Phalaenopsis sp., Cymbidium spp., Oncidium sp., Dendrobium sp. and Cattleya sp., plus pea (Pisum sativum), chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum) and cucurbit [melon (Cucumis melo) and cucmber (C. sativus)] plants. Isolates of F. solani from Phalaenopsis spp. caused severe leaf yellowing on Phalaenopsis and mild symptoms on Cymbidium spp., but no visual symptoms on Oncidium sp., Dendrobium sp., Cattleya sp., pea, chrysanthemum or melon. Fusarium solani isolates collected from Phalaenopsis, pea and cucurbits were molecularly characterized by internal transcribed spacer (ITS), intergenic spacer (IGS) and β‐tubulin gene analyses. Phylogenetic trees constructed by distance and parsimony methods indicated that isolates from Phalaenopsis were grouped into one type based on ITS, IGS and β‐tubulin sequences with high bootstrap value (> 84%) support, compared to ‘formae speciales’ of F. solani from the other hosts. These analyses show that isolates of F. solani from Phalaenopsis are distinct from F. solani isolates from other hosts in Taiwan. Therefore, it is proposed that F. solani isolates that incite Phalaenopsis leaf yellowing be designated F. solani f. sp. phalaenopsis. 相似文献
20.
The lipids metabolism of tomato and bean plants during biological control of wilt pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici andF. oxysporum f.sp.phaseoli, respectively) byBacillus subtilis was investigated. The interaction of wilt pathogens with both tomato and bean caused an imbalance and drastic reduction in
total lipids, triacylglycerol, sterol and all phospholipd fractions except phosphatidic acid. The application of a formulated
biocontrol agent,B. subtilis, eliminated the detrimental effect of both wilt pathogens and consequently prevented catabolism of lipid fractions in both
tomato and bean. Moreover, the changes in the lipid fractions as a sensitive monitor for biocontrol of wilt diseases suggest
a positive correlation between the application ofB. subtilis and improvement in the host metabolism towards anabolism.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 20, 2006. 相似文献