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Shingo Terakami Yoshihiko Adachi Yukie Takeuchi Norio Takada Sogo Nishio Toshihiro Saito Toshiya Yamamoto 《Breeding Science》2021,71(2):240
Black spot disease, which is caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler Japanese pear pathotype, is one of the most harmful diseases in Japanese pear cultivation. Because of the potential harm of fungicides to consumers and the environment, resistant cultivars are desired. In this study, to enable efficient marker-assisted selection in pear breeding, we conducted comprehensive inoculation tests and genotyping with 207 pear cultivars. We identified a marker set (Mdo.chr11.27 and Mdo.chr11.34) suitable for selection for black spot resistance. In most susceptible cultivars, Mdo.chr11.27 amplified a 220-bp band and Mdo.chr11.34 amplified a 259-bp band. The genotype of Mdo.chr11.34 corresponds perfectly to the estimated genotype of Japanese pears susceptible to black spot disease. Using linkage analysis, we identified the positions of the gene for susceptibility to black spot disease in Chinese pear. Mdo.chr11.27 and Mdo.chr11.34 were tightly linked to susceptibility in Chinese pear, and the susceptibility gene was mapped at the top of linkage group 11, similar to that in Japanese pear. This marker set and the accumulation of phenotypic data will enable efficient marker-assisted breeding for black spot resistance in pear breeding. 相似文献
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库尔勒香梨部分果实性状遗传的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
库尔勒香梨是中国久负盛名的梨果佳品。却存在着果个小、果心大的缺陷。为了传承香梨品质优势,克服其弱点,本课题组于1971年开始香梨为亲本的杂交育种工作。以6个梨的杂交组合、351株实生树为试材,进行了各组合亲本和后代的性状分析,探讨了各主要性状的遗传趋势。结果表明,杂交后代果实形状、肉质遗传倾向于亲本,倾亲率分别为68.09%和51.38%。梨果实大小为数量性状,杂种后代果个分离广泛,杂种后代果实普遍变小,各组合的遗传传递力在68.91%~117.51%之间,平均遗传传递力为93.11%。梨果实可溶性固形物含量呈数量性状遗传,杂种后代分离较广,其组合传递力平均为97.49%。 相似文献
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The family Rosaceae includes many economically important fruit trees, such as pear, apple, peach, cherry, quince, apricot, plum, raspberry, and loquat. Over the past few years, whole-genome sequences have been released for Chinese pear, European pear, apple, peach, Japanese apricot, and strawberry. These sequences help us to conduct functional and comparative genomics studies and to develop new cultivars with desirable traits by marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. These genomics resources also allow identification of evolutionary relationships in Rosaceae, development of genome-wide SNP and SSR markers, and construction of reference genetic linkage maps, which are available through the Genome Database for the Rosaceae website. Here, we review the recent advances in genomics studies and their practical applications for Rosaceae fruit trees, particularly pear, apple, peach, and cherry. 相似文献
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获得转化梨几丁质酶基因Lchi1的烟草,检测组成型表达Lchi1基因烟草是否能提高对梨腐烂病菌(Valsa ceratosperma)的抗性,从而初步确定Lchi1基因的功能,为进一步开展梨抗腐烂病分子育种工作提供参考。构建梨几丁质酶基因Lchi1的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草,进而对转化的烟草T2代进行PCR及RT-PCR检测。利用离体叶片接种法,更直观地验证转基因烟草对梨腐烂病菌的抗性。Lchi1基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,并在烟草T2代中有效表达,在接种腐烂病菌后转基因烟草较未转基因烟草的抗腐烂病菌能力明显增强。梨几丁质酶基因Lchi1与腐烂病抗性相关联,可作为今后梨的抗腐烂病分子育种研究重要的基因来源。 相似文献
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‘苹果梨’杂交后代部分性状遗传倾向研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高苹果梨产品的优势,克服其弱点及提高梨树育种工作的研究水平,以‘苹果梨’为中心的7个杂交组合、228株实生树为试材,进行了各组合亲本和后代的性状分析,探讨了各主要性状的遗传趋势。结果表明,‘苹果梨’杂种后代可溶性固形物含量的遗传传递力平均为100.3%,趋近于亲中值。果实风味出现较高比例的是酸甜、甜酸和甜,‘苹果梨’与脆肉杂交后代中没有分离出软肉类型,‘苹果梨’与软肉类型杂交后代都以脆肉类型为主,‘苹果梨’杂种后代果汁含量较亲本有降低的趋势。因此,‘苹果梨’的优良果实经济性状遗传力较强,作为育种亲本,在北方梨新品种选育中具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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流式细胞术鉴定植物染色体倍性的方法广泛应用于果树多倍体育种中,然而相关流式细胞术鉴定梨染色体倍性的方法还没有系统的研究。以梨树叶片为试材系统优化了各个流式细胞术关键实验节点,结果表明：实验材料选取当年春季新梢第3~5 片梨树嫩叶,尤其是大棚新梢嫩叶最好;叶片前处理时用蒸馏水、去离子水依次洗净叶片表面后,再用去离子水浸泡10 min;使用WPB解离液对梨叶片细胞核进行提取后,用500 目滤膜过滤2 次,离心1 次后用流式细胞仪进行检测可得到理想的实验结果。该方法步骤简单、结果可靠,是一种快速、高效的梨染色体倍性鉴定的方法,可广泛用于梨树多倍体鉴定。 相似文献
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Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection. 相似文献
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Dinka Vujanič-Varga V. Ognjanov Jelica Balaž Ksenija Macet Marija Krstič 《Euphytica》1994,77(1-2):155-159
Summary During the period 1988–90, several germplasm collecting trips were made to all republics of former Yugoslavia. A total of
56 old apple cultivars, many of which are represented in up to 5 types, 38 old pear cultivars and 367 genotypes of vineyard
peaches were collected. The availability of so much genetic and genotypic wealth made it possible to start apple disease resistance
breeding and peach cultivar and rootstock breeding programmes. 相似文献
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Simple sequence repeats for genetic analysis in pear 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
T. Yamamoto T. Kimura Y. Sawamura T. Manabe K. Kotobuki T. Hayashi Y. Ban N. Matsuta 《Euphytica》2002,124(1):129-137
The development of highly informative DNA markers, such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), is essential for breeding to select
agronomically important traits and for genetic studies in pear. We developed SSR markers by using two approaches, RAHM (random
amplified hybridization microsatellites) and 5' anchored PCR methods. Segregation analysis of the SSRs revealed that amplified
fragments were derived from the same loci, using 3 sets of progenies from crosses between pear varieties. Genetic diversity
was characterized using 32 varieties, including 10 from Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), 9 from Chinese pear (P. bretschneideri, P. ussuriensis), 10 from European pear (P. communis) as well as 3 wild relatives (P. calleryana). Diversity of SSR genotypes was observed among species as well as within species and 65 putative alleles were detected.
The use of seven SSR markers was sufficient to differentiate between all of the 32 varieties.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Kenji Nashima Shingo Terakami Sogo Nishio Miyuki Kunihisa Chikako Nishitani Toshihiro Saito Toshiya Yamamoto 《Breeding Science》2015,65(3):208-215
Gametophytic self-incompatibility in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) is controlled by the single, multi-allelic S-locus. Information about the S-genotypes is important for breeding and the selection of pollen donors for fruit production. Rapid and reliable S-genotype identification system is necessary for efficient breeding of new cultivars in Japanese pear. We designed S allele-specific PCR primer pairs for ten previously reported S-RNase alleles (S1–S9 and Sk) as simple and reliable method. Specific nucleotide sequences were chosen to design the primers to amplify fragments of only the corresponding S alleles. The developed primer pairs were evaluated by using homozygous S-genotypes (S1/S1–S9/S9 and S4sm/S4sm) and 14 major Japanese pear cultivars, and found that S allele-specific primer pairs can identify S-genotypes effectively. The S allele-specific primer pairs developed in this study will be useful for efficient S-genotyping and for marker-assisted selection in Japanese pear breeding programs. 相似文献
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梨杂交后代童期和童程的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以八个梨杂交组合后代492株实生树为试材,调查了其童程、始花节位数、节间长度和树干直径,探讨了童期和童程以及二者的关系。结果表明：在调查所有杂交组合中,有68.7%的杂种实生后代童期为3-5年,平均童程为214.26cm;节间长度与童程存在正相关性,始花节位数和干径都与童程存在极显著的正相关;童期与童程存在极显著的正相关,表明矮化的植株具有早结果的潜力。 相似文献
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Heritabilities for each of three different height and width ratios describing fruit shape were estimated from measurements
on a population of seedlings comprising 17 families of European and Asian pear parentage in the Hort Research pear cultivar
breeding programme. In families with European cultivars as parents, the pyriform curvature in the upper, or stem end, half
of the fruit was also quantified and heritabilities estimated. Heritabilities were computed using parent-offspring regression
and from consideration of the variance components. Heritabilities estimated from parent-offspring regression were generally
high and higher than those estimated from variance component analysis, although within the limits of error. Heritability estimates
for the height: maximum width ratio were > 0.5 by both methods of estimation indicating that fairly rapid genetic gain could
be expected.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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以西洋梨‘丰产’二倍体及其10个同源四倍体株系为材料,通过微卫星(SSR)分子标记技术对西洋梨二倍体与同源四倍体之间的遗传差异性进行了研究。应用10对SSR引物对11份材料进行扩增,共扩增出23条谱带,其中有8条呈多态性,多态性比例为34.78%;10对引物中有3对引物为多态性引物。聚类分析显示,不同同源四倍体株系与二倍体的遗传差异大小亦不同;在10个同源四倍体株系中有3个株系扩增的条带与二倍体完全相同,7个同源四倍体株系与二倍体相比产生了差异性条带。研究结果表明,西洋梨二倍体与其同源四倍体之间以及10个同源四倍体株系之间在DNA水平上表现出了一定的多态性。本研究能够为进一步进行西洋梨多倍体的育种实践提供理论指导。 相似文献
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T. Visser 《Euphytica》1967,16(3):319-320
The existence of a genetical relation between the precocity of the parents and the length of the juvenile period of their progeny suggested a similar relation between precocity in the juvenile and in the adult phase of a seedling. This was confirmed in a trial with adult apple and pear seedlings budded on a rootstock. The percentage of trees which flowered in the third year following budding was higher when the juvenile period had been shorter. This relation should be taken into consideration in breeding. 相似文献
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为探索果园养鸡对橘小实蝇防控效果,分析果园养鸡生态种养模式的综合经济效益。2019—2020年连续2年在广西灌阳县进行了梨园养鸡试验观察,2020年还进行了笼养鸡处理虫果试验。结果表明养鸡对梨园橘小实蝇有一定的防控效果,可减轻橘小实蝇对梨果的为害,相对防治效果为25%;笼养鸡处理虫果效果显著,虫口减退率100%,用虫果喂鸡能完全消灭虫果中橘小实蝇,是一种既杀灭害虫,又节约鸡饲料的方法。对果园养鸡效益初步分析表明：通过梨园养鸡,可增加纯收入21853元/hm2。果园养鸡是一种病虫草害绿色防治措施,是一种立体的种养模式,能有效减少农药使用量,又能满足人民对优质鸡肉的需求,提高种养经济效益,值得大力推广。 相似文献
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L. Dondini L. Pierantoni V. Ancarani M. D’Angelo K.‐H. Cho I.‐S. Shin S. Musacchi S.‐J. Kang S. Sansavini 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(5):524-526
The inheritance of the red colour character in European pear (Pyrus communis L.) was studied over 3 years in seven progeny obtained by using the cultivars ‘Max Red Bartlett’, ‘Cascade’ and ‘California’ as red‐skinned fruit parental lines. One of these progeny (derived from the cross ‘Abbé Fétel’ × ‘Max Red Bartlett’, a red mutation of ‘Bartlett’) was already used to construct two linkage maps and, being ‘red colour’ a monogenic dominant trait, it was possible to locate it as morphological marker in the linkage group 4 of ‘Max Red Bartlett’. For the first time, this trait has been mapped out of linkage group 9 in a species belonging to the Maloideae subfamily moreover in a mutated sport. An improved knowledge of the genetic basis of production and accumulation of red pigments in the fruit skin will better support the pear breeding programmes aimed to select new cultivars carrying this appealing trait. 相似文献
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T. Visser 《Euphytica》1976,25(1):339-342
Summary Analysis of two incomplete half-diallel schemes of crosses, involving 22 apple and 33 pear progenies with 2500 and 5400 seedlings respectively, showed a highly significant GCA and an insignificant SCA variance for the juvenile period (J.P.). This indicates that the inheritance of the J.P. is of an additive nature, a mode of inheritance which is a function of the inheritance of a complex of factors governing growth. The mean J.P. of apple progenies varied between 3.4 and 5.0 years, that of pear progenies between 4.7 and 7.0 years. The implications for breeding are discussed.Also presented at the Juvenility Symposium held at West-Berlin, November 1976. 相似文献