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为了研究高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMWGS)缺失对小麦品质的影响,以 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失材料2GS041410作供体亲本,以弱筋小麦品种扬麦13和扬麦18作轮回亲本进行回交,构建不同遗传背景的BC1F3和BC2F3群体,测定受体、供体亲本的品质,以及回交群体BC1F3和BC2F3中 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失纯合单株及两位点均正常表达纯合单株的品质。结果表明,供体2GS041410具有较低的SDS沉降值、较短的面团形成时间和稳定时间;在BC1F3和BC2F3中, GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失对蛋白含量影响不显著,但可显著或极显著降低SDS沉降值和水溶剂保持力(SRC)。 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS双缺失在弱筋小麦品质育种中具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMWGS）对小麦面粉加工品质有促进作用,尤其是GluD1d 基因编码的1Dx5+1Dy10亚基能增加面团的筋度和弹性。小麦背景中的1BL·1RS易位对小麦面粉加工品质有显著的负面影响。因此,在小麦品质育种中如何判定小麦背景中是否含有1BL·1RS易位和HMWGS的GluD1d基因具有重要意义。本研究利用3对分别检测1BL·1RS易位、GluB3和GluD1位点的共显性特异标记,结合SDSPAGE鉴定,对16份已知遗传背景和GluD1x等位基因材料及38株（周麦18×烟农19）F2群体进行了分析,探索出适合同时鉴定小麦背景中1BL·1RS易位和GluD1d基因的多重PCR技术实验体系,并采用该体系对国内外352份小麦品种（系）进行了鉴定。结果表明,该体系是同时鉴定小麦背景中1BL·1RS易位和GluD1d基因的一种非常有效、简便可行的实验方法,可在标记辅助选择（MAS）育种中应用。 相似文献
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为给新疆小麦品质育种提供理论依据,利用 GluA3、 GluB3位点上的17个STS标记检测了185份新疆冬、春小麦品种 GluA3和 GluB3位点的等位变异。结果表明,新疆小麦品种以 GluA3c、 GluB3a和 GluB3j亚基为主,其分布频率分别为64.86%、22.70%和17.84%。新疆冬、春小麦品种在 GluA3位点上均以 GluA3c亚基为主,分布频率分别为63.30%和67.11%;在 GluB3位点上,新疆冬、春小麦品种分别以 GluB3j和 GluB3a为主,分布频率分别为22.02%和26.32%。新疆冬、春小麦农家品种亚基类型较少,冬小麦农家品种仅有5种类型（以 GluA3c和 GluB3i为主）,春小麦农家品种有10种类型（以 GluA3c和 GluB3d为主）。引进品种和自育品种亚基类型丰富,冬小麦引进品种以 GluA3c和 GluB3i为主,分布频率为12.84%和6.42%;春小麦引进品种以 GluA3c和 GluB3j为主,分布频率为17.11%和6.58%。冬小麦自育品种以 GluA3c和 GluB3j亚基类型为主,分布频率为45.87%和18.35%;春小麦自育品种以 GluA3c和 GluB3a亚基类型为主,分布频率为36.84%和18.42%。 相似文献
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长江中下游麦区是中国弱筋小麦优势产业带,小麦赤霉病、白粉病和条锈病是该麦区主要病害,当前弱筋小麦主导品种综合抗性较弱,影响其生产安全。为培育多抗优质弱筋小麦品种,以高产中筋小麦品种扬麦16为轮回亲本,以兼抗白粉病、条锈病的软质小麦92R137为供体亲本,构建了BC1群体,利用分子标记在BC1F2代基础农艺性状较优良的株行中筛选抗白粉病基因 Pm21、抗条锈病基因 Yr26和软质麦相关基因 Pinb-D1a均纯合的单株,并鉴定BC1F6代对赤霉病、白粉病和条锈病的抗性,同时检测籽粒硬度、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间等重要品质指标以及小区产量,最终育成高抗赤霉病、免疫白粉病和高抗条锈病的弱筋小麦新品种扬麦38,于2022年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。 相似文献
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低分子量谷蛋白亚基（LMWGS）与小麦品质密切相关。为了给陕西小麦的品质改良提供参考依据,采用STS分子标记,检测了175份陕西小麦品种（系） GluA3和 GluB3位点的等位变异组成。结果表明,陕西小麦 GluA3位点存在4种等位变异,即 GluA3a、 GluA3b、 GluA3c和 GluA3d,分别占12.6%、1.7%、58.3%和27.4%; GluB3位点存在8种等位变异,即 GluB3a、 GluB3b、 GluB3d、 GluB3e、 GluB3f、 GluB3g、 GluB3i和 GluB3j,分别占4.6%、2.9%、45.7%、0.6%、2.9%、8.5%、4.0%和30.8%。在陕西不同地区小麦之间,两个位点等位变异的种类、组合及其分布比例存在差异,这可能与地区间不同的自然地理环境、饮食习惯、育种目标及亲本选择有关。 相似文献
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为了发掘新的小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基用于品质育种,测定了小麦/长穗偃麦草体细胞杂种F6代共322个株系的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMWGS）组成,并进行了品质评分。结果表明,体细胞杂种株系在GluA1、GluB1和GluD1位点上的遗传变异率分别为0.52、0.58和0.46,一共出现27种不同的亚基组合形式,其中Null、7+9、2+12（同亲本小麦济南177）出现的频率最高,而2*、7+8+9、2+5+12出现的频率最低;5+12出现的频率约为33.5%;在与优质可能相关的亚基组合当中,13+16出现的频率约为31.1%。由于5+12尚未有品质评分,因此部分株系无法给出分数。本研究表明,通过体细胞杂交可以产生大量的高分子量谷蛋白亚基/组合变异,这有助于今后小麦品质育种工作。 相似文献
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白粒小麦品种(系)穗发芽抗性机制分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解小麦穗发芽抗性机制,应用与抗穗发芽有关的功能标记 Vp1B3、 Vp1b2和 Dorm1并结合整穗发芽、籽粒发芽、籽粒+芒、籽粒+穗轴、籽粒+颖壳和籽粒+芒+穗轴+颖壳共6种发芽试验处理,分析了11个小麦品种（系）的穗发芽抗性机制。结果表明,红粒抗穗发芽对照京9428和京冬8号的抗性受粒色、Vp1Bc、颖壳或颖壳抑制物控制;9个白粒品种(系)穗发芽抗性均不同程度的受芒和颖壳或它们的抑制物控制;强抗穗发芽品系CA0431的抗性与 Vp1B3、 Dorm1和粒色无关,而与其他遗传因素有关;强抗穗发芽品系山东046432属于由Vp1Bc和Dorm1控制的基因型;中抗穗发芽品种矮抗58的抗性与穗轴有关;Vp1Bb基因对CA95502的穗发芽作用有待进一步证实;芒和颖壳或它们的抑制物对白粒中感穗发芽品系CA9640、CA0459、CA0493和白粒高感穗发芽品系山东928802和CA0306的穗发芽均有一定的抑制作用,但 Vp1Bb基因型与山东928802和Vp1Bc基因型与CA0306的穗发芽并无相关。 相似文献
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为了给新疆小麦面筋品质改良提供参考依据,利用多重PCR体系对267份新疆冬、春小麦品种中1BL/1RS易位和 Dx5基因的分布进行了检测,并测定了其中181份小麦品种的面粉蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、Zeleny沉淀值以及面团特性等品质性状。结果表明,新疆小麦品种中,1BL/1RS易位品种有55份,占20.6%,含有 Dx5基因的品种有76份,占28.5%。冬小麦品种中1BL/1RS易位系分布频率（26.6%）显著高于春小麦（9.6%）,而春小麦品种中 Dx5基因的分布频率（31.9%）高于冬小麦（26.6%）。在新疆小麦农家品种、引进品种和自育成品种中,1BL/1RS易位和 Dx5基因的分布频率也存在明显差异。分析表明,1BL/1RS和非1BL/1RS小麦品种的主要面筋品质性状（如Zeleny沉淀值、峰值高度、8 min宽度等）达到显著性差异（P＜0.05）,1BL/1RS小麦中含 Dx5和不含 Dx5基因品种的面筋指数、Zeleny沉淀值、峰值时间和8 min面积等5个参数差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。多重PCR体系检测结果可靠稳定,节省实验经费和时间,提高了效率,可用于小麦分子辅助育种。 相似文献
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为了解甘肃冬小麦农家品种和改良品种HMWGS变异及品质效应,为小麦品质改良和亲本选用提供依据,采用SDSPAGE法和近红外反射光谱法检测340份品种的HMWGS和其中252份的沉淀值、蛋白质和湿面筋含量。结果表明,340份品种在Glu1位点共有14种亚基变异,34种亚基组合形式。GluA1位点共有3种变异,亚基缺失（null)的频率最高,1和2*亚基出现的频率改良品种（36.9%）比农家品种（12.0%）高;GluB1位点共有7种变异,7+8亚基出现的频率最高,改良品种比农家品种降低36.1个百分点;GluD1位点有4种亚基变异,2+12亚基出现频率最高,改良品种比农家品种降低11个百分点,5+10亚基的频率改良品种较农家品种提高17.6个百分点。含5+12亚基的农家品种及含14+15亚基的改良品种综合品质较优。从供试改良品种中筛选出在2个以上基因位点具有优质亚基的品种46个,其中10个品种在3个位点上都具有优质亚基。 相似文献
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为开发与野生二粒小麦抗条锈病基因YrH52紧密连锁的分子标记,并为该基因的克隆及应用奠定基础,运用RGA (Resistance gene analog) 分子标记法,以 YrH52定位作图F2群体形成的F4抗性和感病基因池（Gene pool）及其亲本（抗病材料H52与感病材料Ldn）进行多态性筛选分析,共获得17个RGA分子标记。使用已有的遗传图并进行MultiPoint分析,构建了由与抗性（H）和感病(L) 两个亲本对应的显性位点组成的两个遗传图,即H遗传图和L遗传图。在H图中, YrH52与10个RGA标记,即 X_uhw3, X_uhw17, X_uhw18, X_uhw23, X_uhw36, X_uhw38, X_uhw46, X_uhw59, X_uhw62 和 X_uhw73 紧密连锁, 其中 X_uhw23 标记为共显性分子标记,连锁距离为1.0 cM。在L图中,发现 X_uhw57, X_uhw68, X_uhw189, X_uhw192及其 X_uhw23与 YrH52 相聚成簇（Cluster）。本研究结果说明RGA分子标记结合集群分离分析法 （Bulked segregant analysis,BSA）是一种快速开发与小麦抗病基因紧密连锁标记的有效方法,对小麦抗条锈病分子育种和抗病基因的克隆具有促进作用。 相似文献
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CHA杂种小麦品质优势的多代利用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以6个优质材料和7个丰产材料为亲本,按优/优、优/丰和丰/丰三种类型组配23个杂交组合,分析了F1、F2的品质性状杂种优势和亲子关系,研究了小麦HMW-GS的遗传及其与杂种小麦品质的关系,探讨了CHA杂种F1、F2优势利用的可行性及培育优质杂种小麦的选配规律。结果表明:同一组合F1、F2的品质优势没有规律性变化,其值大多介于双亲之间,各组合品质指标与亲本呈正相关,选择高值双亲可获得较高的F1、F2组合,亲本基因型对杂种小麦的品质起决定作用,选择时应着重考虑优/丰和优/优类型。F1、F2代品质优势显著,杂种小麦F1及F2代在生产中具有利用可行性。小麦HMW-GS的分离符合孟德尔基因分离规律,选择优质亚基多的亲本杂交,可提高其在杂交后代中的出现频率,进而提高杂种小麦的品质。 相似文献
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为给小麦品质改良提供依据，采用SDS-PAGE方法,以来自国内外的6个小麦品种（系）为材料，分析了15个杂交组合F1代高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）的遗传表现。结果表明：①HMW-GS在F1代的遗传具有剂量效应，即部分正反交组合F1代籽粒中同一亚基带的颜色深浅不同，来自母本的亚基带比来自父本的亚基带颜色深,说明来自母本的亚基比来自父本的亚基含量高;②2个国内与国内品种间的杂交组合及2个国外与国外品种间的杂交组合，其F1代HMW-GS均表现为完全共显性，11个国内和国外品种间的杂交组合，有4个组合的F1代出现了HMW-GS的不完全表达，缺失率占11个组合总数的36％。 相似文献
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Elena León Racha Aouni Fernando Piston Marta Rodríguez-Quijano Peter R. Shewry Antonio Martín Francisco Barro 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
We have determined the technological properties of four lines containing combinations of three HMW-GS transgenes, encoding HMW-GS 1Ax1, 1Dx5 and 1Dy10. These lines were produced by conventional crossing of three single transgenic lines of the bread wheat cultivar Anza that contains the endogenous HMW-GS pairs 1Dx2 + 1Dy12 and 1Bx7* + 1By8 and is null for the Glu-A1 locus. Consequently, the total number of HMW-GS ranged from 4 in the control line Anza to 7 in line T618 which contains all three HMW-GS transgenes. The lines were studied over two years using a range of widely used grain and dough testing methods. All lines with transgenic subunits showed higher levels of glutenin proteins than the Anza control, and these differences were highly significant for lines T616, T617 and T618, containing, respectively, the transgenes encoding HMW-GS 1Ax1 and 1Dy10, 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 and 1Ax1, 1Dx5 and 1Dy10. These increases in glutenin levels are compensated by lower levels of gliadins present in transgenic lines. These changes affected the ratio of polymeric to monomeric gluten proteins (poly:mono), the ratio of HMW-GS to LMW-GS (HMW:LMW) and the contents of individual 1Ax, 1Bx, 1By, 1Dx and 1Dy subunits. Transgenic lines expressing subunit 1Dy10 together with x-type subunits (T616, T617 and T618) were superior to line T606, which had only increases in x-type subunits. In particular, the combination of transgenic subunits 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 (line T617) gave better dough rheological properties than the other combinations of transgenic subunits. For example, dough development time and stability were increased by 3.5-fold and 8.5-fold, respectively, while the mixing tolerance index (MTI) was decreased by 3.3-fold in line T617 with respect to the control line. Alveograph analyses showed that all four transgenic combinations had increased P values compared to the Anza control but subunit 1Dx5 greatly reduced the extensibility (L). These results show that stacking HMW-GS transgenes by conventional crossing is a valid strategy for the improvement of wheat quality, with different effects being related to the different HMW-GS combinations. 相似文献
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Elena León Santiago Marín María J. Giménez Fernando Piston Marta Rodríguez-Quijano Peter R. Shewry Francisco Barro 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009
In this work we report the effects of the HMW-GS 1Ax1, 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 on the breadmaking quality of the bread wheat cultivar Anza that contains the HMW-GS pairs 1Dx2 + 1Dy12 and 1Bx7* + 1By8, and is null for the Glu-A1 locus. This allows the characterization of individual subunits 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 in the absence of subunit 1Dx5, and the interactions between these subunits and subunits 1Dx2 and 1Dy12 to be determined. Three transgenic lines termed T580, T581 and T590, containing, respectively, the HMW-GS 1Ax1, 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 were characterized over 3 years using a range of widely-used grain and dough testing methods. The transgenic subunits 1Ax1, 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 accounted for 25.2%, 20.3% and 17.9%, respectively, of the total HMW-GS in the three transgenic lines. Although lines T581 and T590 expressed similar levels of subunits 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 they had different effects on other aspects of protein composition, including changes in the ratios of glutenin/gliadin, of HMW/LMW-GS, the 1Dx2/1Dy12, the x-type/y-type HMW-GS and the proportions of high molecular mass glutenin polymers. In contrast, lines transformed to express subunits 1Ax1 and 1Dx5 showed similar changes in protein composition, with higher protein contents and decreased ratios of glutenin/gliadin and 1Dx2/1Dy12. In addition, both transgenic lines showed similar increases in the ratio of x-type/y-type subunits compared to the control line. The transgenic lines were analysed using Farinograph, Mixograph and Alveograph. This confirmed that the expression of all three subunits resulted in increased dough strength (and hence breadmaking quality) of the cultivar Anza. A beneficial effect of subunit 1Dx5 has not been reported previously, transgenic wheat lines expressing this subunit giving overstrong dough unsuitable for breadmaking. However, the expression of subunit 1Dy10 had a greater effect on breadmaking quality than subunits 1Ax1 and 1Dx5. The Farinograph parameters such as dough stability and peak time were increased by 9.2-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively, in line T590 (expressing 1Dy10) with respect to the control line. Similarly, the Mixograph mixing time was increased by four-fold and the resistance breakdown decreased by two-fold in line T590 compared with the control line. The Alveograph W value was also increased by 2.7-fold in line T590 compared to the control line. These transgenic lines are of value for studying the contribution of specific HMW-GS to wheat flour functional properties. 相似文献
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为了明确甘肃省小麦的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW—GS)组成及其对品质的贡献率，选用30个甘肃省近几年推广品种、后备品系及优良亲本，分析了它们的HMW—GS、品质性状及其之间的关系。结果表明：(1)适宜于甘肃省种植和利用的小麦品种(系)的HMW—GS类型较丰富，但与优质有关的亚基(2^*，17 18，14 15，5 10)分布频率较低；(2)Glu—A1和Glu—D1位点的等位变异与品质性状关系密切，特别是Glu—D1位点含有5 10亚基的品种比含有2 12亚基的品种沉淀值高、稳定时间长，且稳定时间的差异达到极显著水平。其余品质性状如湿面筋含量、粗蛋白含量等之间的差异不显著。 相似文献
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Elena Leon Fernando Piston Racha Aouni Peter R. Shewry Cristina M. Rosell Antonio Martin Francisco Barro 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
Seven transgenic lines of a commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar expressing transgenic subunits 1Ax1, 1Dx5 and 1Dy10, alone or in combination have been developed. Pasting properties were determined in these transgenic lines using a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) in order to determine the possible impact of HMW-GS transgene expression on the starch properties. Expression of the HMW-GS transgenes increased the proportions of the corresponding 1Ax, 1Dx and 1Dy subunits affecting significantly the ratios of HMW-GS:LMW-GS and x-type:y-type HMW-GS. Starch granule size distribution varied significantly among all transgenic lines, with the Anza control and transgenic line T616 (expressing subunits 1Ax1 and 1Dy10) showing the highest and the lowest percentage of B granules, respectively. All transgenic lines increased the water-binding capacities (WBC) at 25 °C and 90 °C. Line T606 (expressing subunits 1Ax1 and 1Dx5) and line T590 (expressing subunit 1Dy10) showed the lowest and the highest values for peak viscosity, respectively. Notably, lines expressing only transgenic x-type subunits (T580, T581 and T606), with high ratios of x-type:y-type HMW-GS, had low peak viscosities, final viscosities and breakdown viscosities. Line T590 had the highest breakdown viscosity while lines T606 and T581 had the lowest. 相似文献